U1great scientists

1、必修一、单词识记一、单词识记 1. _ n.宇宙宇宙; 世界世界2. _ n.受害者受害者3. _ n.附近附近; 邻近邻近4. _ adj. 严重的严重的, 剧烈的剧烈的5. _ n.特征特征; 特性特性characteristic universevictimneighborhoodsevere6. _ vt.照顾；出席；参加照顾；出席；参加7. _ vt.吸收；吸引；使专心吸收；吸引；使专心8. _ vt.预见；预知预见；预知9. _ adj.积极的；肯定的积极的；肯定的10. _ vt.打败；战胜打败；战胜 n.失败失败defeat defeat attendattendabsorba

2、bsorbforeseeforeseepositivepositive11. _ n.治愈治愈 vt.治愈治愈12. _ n.柄；把手柄；把手vt.处理处理13. _ vt.怀疑怀疑 n.嫌疑犯嫌疑犯14. _ n.挑战挑战 vt.挑战挑战15. _ adj.熟练的熟练的 n.专家专家expertexpertcurecurehandlehandlesuspectsuspectchallengechallenge二、单词拓展二、单词拓展 (A)单词派生单词派生1. _ n. 科学科学 _ n. 科学家科学家 _ adj. 科学的科学的2. _ vt. 分析分析 _ n. 分析分析 analysi

3、s analysissciencesciencescientistscientistscientificscientificanalyzeanalyze3. _ vt. 污染；弄脏污染；弄脏 _ adj. 受污染的受污染的 _ n. 污染污染pollutepollute pollutedpollutedpollutionpollution4. _ vt. 命令；指示；教导命令；指示；教导 _ n. 指示；教导指示；教导instructinstructinstructioninstruction5. _ vt. 结束结束 _ n. 结束结束; 结论结论6. _ n. 小心小心; 谨慎谨慎 _ a

4、dj. 小心的小心的; 谨慎的谨慎的cautiouscautious concludeconcludeconclusionconclusioncautioncaution(B)灵活运用灵活运用1. He needed more _ (science) experiments to support his theory.1. 形容词作定语。形容词作定语。2. She has come to the _ (conclude) that he does not love her at all.2. 名词做宾语。名词做宾语。scientificscientificconclusionconclusio

5、n3. He fell ill because of eating the _ (pollute) seafood.3. 形容词作定语。形容词作定语。4. The _ (analyse) of the food showed the presence of food.4. 名词做主语。名词做主语。5. Follow the _ (instruct) when you operate the machine. 5. 名词做宾语。名词做宾语。pollutedpollutedanalysisanalysisinstructionsinstructions1. _ 提出提出2. _ 讲得通；有意义讲得

6、通；有意义3. _ 使显露；暴露使显露；暴露4. _ 将将和和联系起来联系起来三、短语翻译三、短语翻译 link .to . link .to . put forwardput forward make sensemake sense expose .toexpose .to 5. _ 除除之外之外； 此外此外6. _ 对对严格严格7. _得出结论得出结论8. _导致；引起导致；引起lead to lead to apart fromapart from(be)strict with(be)strict withdraw a conclusiondraw a conclusion9. _ 失去

7、控制失去控制10. _受责备受责备11. _ 在建设中在建设中12. _ 结束结束come to an endcome to an endout of controlout of controlbe to blamebe to blame be under constructionbe under construction 1. cure vt. 治愈治愈; 矫正矫正n. 治愈治愈; 疗疗法；措施法；措施原句原句: Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人们既不知人们既不知道它的病源道它的病源, 也不了解它的治疗方也不了解它的治疗方法。法

8、。(B5P2)例句例句: Up till now, People have not found an effective cure for AIDS. 到目前为止到目前为止, 人们还没有人们还没有找到治疗艾滋病的有效的方法。找到治疗艾滋病的有效的方法。cure sb. of sth. 治好某治好某人的人的(疾病、坏习惯等疾病、坏习惯等)a cure for . 治疗治疗的方法的方法/药物药物运用运用 Her son was addicted to the computer games and she had to _ (使他改使他改掉这个习惯掉这个习惯). The government is

9、finding a cure _ the severe pollution. cure him of the habitcure him of the habit forfor原句原句: The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。种病毒引入体内的。(B5P2)2. absorb vt. 吸收；吸引吸收；吸引(注意力注意力)例句例句: Dark clothes absorbed

10、 light easily. 深色衣服容易吸收深色衣服容易吸收光线。光线。搭配搭配: be absorbed in全神贯全神贯注于注于, 专心致志于专心致志于运用运用 完成下列句子完成下列句子。 当我进来时当我进来时, 他正聚精会神地看小说他正聚精会神地看小说。When I entered, he _ _ a novel. 我们可以从广泛的阅读中吸收许多有我们可以从广泛的阅读中吸收许多有用的东西用的东西。We can _ from extensive reading.was absorbed inwas absorbed inreadingreadingabsorb a lot of usef

11、ul things3. be to blame (for sth.) (为某为某事事)应受责备应受责备/承担责任承担责任原句原句: It seemed that the water was to blame. 看来水是看来水是罪魁祸首。罪魁祸首。(B5P2)例句例句: Mr. Smith was to blame for the accident. 史密斯先生史密斯先生 要为事故负责。要为事故负责。搭配搭配: blame sb. for sth.为某事为某事责备某人责备某人运用运用 完成下列句子或填入一个恰完成下列句子或填入一个恰当的介词。当的介词。 我不怪你我不怪你, 我怪我自己。我怪我自己

12、。I do not blame you, but I_ _ .myselfmyself blame blame 那次事故怪不得那次事故怪不得Tom, 毕竟他还是毕竟他还是个孩子。个孩子。Little Tom was not_ for the accident, after all, he is only a child. His mother blamed him _ his dishonesty.forfor to blameto blame 4. put forward 提出提出; 提前提前; 被提名被提名原句原句: Who put forward a theory about black

13、 holes? 谁提出关于黑洞的谁提出关于黑洞的理论？理论？(B5P1)例句例句: He often puts forward some useful advice. 他总能提出一些有用的他总能提出一些有用的建议。建议。 We have to put the meeting forward by two weeks.(意思意思_ )Dr. King put forward a suggestion that talented students should be placed in special classes. (意思意思_ )运用运用 说出下列句中划线部分的意思。说出下列句中划线部分的意

14、思。 将将提前提前 提出建议提出建议 His name was put forward for the Chairman of the Students Union. (意思意思_) 被推荐被推荐/提名提名原句原句: Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases. 除了上面提到的除了上面提到的结构结构, 你还学了下列词组。你还学了下列词组。(B5P4)例句例句: Apart from school work, I spend my spare time in si

15、nging and angling.5. apart from 除了除了用法用法: apart from是短语介词是短语介词, 既相当既相当于于besides /in addition to /as well as, 又又相当于相当于except (for)。运用运用: 用用besides，except，except for替代替代apart from。 Apart from the cost, time should also be considered.( _)Apart from=Besides(In addition to) Apart from a few mistakes, it

16、is a good composition.( _ ) Apart from the ending, its really a good film. (_ )Apart from = Except(not including)Apart from = Except(not including) Apart from =Except forApart from =Except for 6. be strict with sb. (in sth.) (在某方面在某方面)对某人严格要求对某人严格要求原句原句: I need to be strict with 我需我需要对要对要求严格要求严格(B5P

17、6)例句例句: You must be strict with yourself in study.你在学习上要对自己你在学习上要对自己严格。严格。运用运用 填入一个恰当的介词。填入一个恰当的介词。 Our English teacher is very strict _ us _ our homework. My mother is not only strict _ her work but also strict _ me. withwith withwithinininin原句原句: A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, like

18、d the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位从宽街搬过来有一位从宽街搬过来的妇女，她特别喜欢那里的水的妇女，她特别喜欢那里的水, 每天都要派每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里。人从水泵打水运到家里。(B5P3)1. have sth. done 让某人干某事让某人干某事; 遭遇某事遭遇某事例句例句: Youd better have the machine repaired tomorrow.你最好明天找人来修机你最好明天找人来修机器。器。仿写仿写 把下列句子译成英文。把

19、下列句子译成英文。 明天我要去理发。明天我要去理发。I will _. 爸爸几天前去拔牙。爸爸几天前去拔牙。My father _a few days ago. have my hair cut tomorrowhave my hair cut tomorrow had his tooth pulledhad his tooth pulled原句原句: He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going roun

20、d the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上中心位置上, 而行星则围绕着太阳转而行星则围绕着太阳转, 只有只有月球仍然绕着地球转。月球仍然绕着地球转。(B5P7)2. with+宾语宾语+非谓语动词非谓语动词例句例句: I cant fall a sleep with the baby crying. 婴儿一直在哭婴儿一直在哭, 我睡不着觉。我睡不着觉。仿写仿写 把下列句子译成英文把下列句子译成英文。 鸟儿在鸣叫鸟儿在鸣叫, 我们在森林里愉快地散步我们在森林里愉快地散步。We walked happily in the forest _ _. 还有很多作业要做

21、还有很多作业要做, 我今晚不能和你去我今晚不能和你去看电影了看电影了。_, I cant go to see the movie with you tonight.With a lot of homework to doWith a lot of homework to dothe birds singingthe birds singingwithwith原句原句: To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.为了

22、为了阻止这样的事再发生阻止这样的事再发生, 约翰。斯诺建议所有约翰。斯诺建议所有的水源都要检查。的水源都要检查。3. suggest (that) sb. (should) do 建议某人做建议某人做某事某事例句例句: The doctor suggested he have a good rest. 医生建议他要好好休息。医生建议他要好好休息。仿写仿写 把下列句子译成英文把下列句子译成英文。 他建议我们工作后要好好休息他建议我们工作后要好好休息。_ after work. 她建议你去那里之前先打个电话她建议你去那里之前先打个电话。_ before you go round there.She

23、 suggested (that) you (should) She suggested (that) you (should) phonephoneHe suggested (that) we (should) have a good rest4. Only if+从句，倒装从句，倒装原句：原句： Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上, 天空中其他行星的运动才能说得天空中其他行星的运动才能说得

24、清楚。清楚。例句例句: Only if you are in London can you realize its beauty.只有当你只有当你亲身来到伦敦亲身来到伦敦, 你才能体会到它的你才能体会到它的美。美。句型句型: Only 引导的短语或状语从引导的短语或状语从句放在句首时句放在句首时, 要倒装。要倒装。仿写仿写 把下列句子译成英文。把下列句子译成英文。 只有用这种方法你才能在这么短的时间只有用这种方法你才能在这么短的时间内完成它。内完成它。Only in this way _ _. 只有当你用心学习时只有当你用心学习时, 你才能取得大的你才能取得大的进步。进步。Only when

25、you put your heart into study _.will you make great progresswill you make great progress can you finish it in such can you finish it in sucha short timea short time1. 西蒙的语文老师对西蒙西蒙的语文老师对西蒙要求很严格要求很严格。1. Simons language teacher is very strict with him.2. 他经常他经常提出提出问题让西蒙回答。问题让西蒙回答。2. He often puts forwa

26、rd questions for Simon to answer.3. 除此之外除此之外, 他还他还建议建议西蒙要从课文西蒙要从课文得出结论得出结论。3. Apart from this, he suggests Simon draw conclusions from some texts.4. 西蒙在阅读中西蒙在阅读中吸收吸收了很多的知识。了很多的知识。4. Simon absorbs a lot of knowledge from reading.5. 西蒙西蒙让他的同学帮他修改作文让他的同学帮他修改作文, 并学习并学习优秀作文优秀作文。Simon has his compositions

27、 checked by his classmates and learns from the good articles.6. 每次西蒙想放弃的时候每次西蒙想放弃的时候, 他总是鼓励他他总是鼓励他。Every time Simon wants to give up, he always encourages him.7.只有只有当他不放弃的时候当他不放弃的时候, 他才能获得成功他才能获得成功。Only if he doesnt give up can he succeed.8. 在老师的帮助下在老师的帮助下, 西蒙进步很快西蒙进步很快。With the help of the teacher,

28、 Simon has made rapid progress.合并：合并： Simons language teacher is very strict with him and he often puts forward questions for Simon to answer. Apart from this, he suggests Simon draw conclusions from some texts and in this way, Simon absorbs great knowledge from reading. In addition, Simon has his c

29、ompositions checked and learns from the good articles. Every time Simon wants to give up, he always encourages him not to, because only in this way can he succeed. With the help of the teacher, Simon has made rapid progress.课文概括课文概括 John Snow, a famous doctor and expert, succeeded in defeating King

30、Cholera in a scientific way. Cholera was a deadly disease and had attacked London twice in the 1850s. Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January, 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. When he was eight, his family moved 16_ St Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. 17 _

31、eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his fathers old college. 16. 表示到表示到去。去。17. 表示表示“在某人在某人岁时岁时”要用要用at。 AttotoStephen wanted to do mathematics, 18 _ his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did

32、 Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he 19 _ (award) a first-class degree in 20 _ (nature) science.18. 前后句意为让步关系。前后句意为让步关系。 19. 由句意可知用被动语态。由句意可知用被动语态。20. 名词作定语。名词作定语。 althoughalthoughwas awardedwas awardednaturalnaturalStephen then went on to Cambridge 21 _ (do) research in cos

33、mology(宇宙学宇宙学), there being no one working in that area in Oxford at the time. His supervisor was Denis Sciama, although he 22 _ (hope) to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge. 21. 不定式作状语不定式作状语, 表目的。表目的。22. 根据句意要根据句意要ongoing过去完成时态过去完成时态, 表表示示“原希望原希望”。 to doto dohad hopedhad hoped Stephen Hawk

34、ing has worked on the basic laws 23 _ govern the universe. With Roger Penrose 24 _ showed that Einsteins General Theory of Relativity would have a beginning in the Big Bang and 25 _ end in black holes. 23. 引导定语从句修饰前面的引导定语从句修饰前面的the basic laws。24. 指指Stephen Hawking。 25. 不定冠词的基本用法不定冠词的基本用法, 因为后面的名词以原因

35、为后面的名词以原因开头因开头, 故填故填an。ananhehewhichwhich二、完形填空二、完形填空 By the middle of the 21st century, if the present trends 1 , we will have used up all the 2 that drives our cars, for example. 1. A. continue B. stay C. appearD. disappear1. A 指前句所说的这种趋势指前句所说的这种趋势“继续继续”。2. A. air B. cloth C. food D. oil 2. D 由后面的

36、由后面的that drives our cars可知可知, 指指“燃油燃油”用用光。光。Even if scientists develop new ways of 3 the human race, the crowded conditions on the earth will make it 4 for us to look for open space somewhere else. 3. A. treatingB. entertaining C. meetingD. feeding3. D 根据搭配，根据搭配，feeding养活养活(人类人类), 其他选项无此含义。其他选项无此含义。

37、4. A. possible B. necessary C. seriousD. important4. B 根据句意可知根据句意可知, 这种拥挤的状况使得人类这种拥挤的状况使得人类“有必要有必要”到别处去找地方。到别处去找地方。But none of the other 5 in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible 6 to the problem, however, has recently been suggested by American scientist, Profess

38、or Carl Sagan. 5. A. companies B. planets C. countries D. worldsB 由句中的由句中的in our solar system可知可知, 在太阳系中当然在太阳系中当然是是“行星行星”。6. A. way B. key C. solution D. answerC 由后面的由后面的problem可知可知, 选选solution(解决办法解决办法)。solution与与problem是词语同现。是词语同现。Sagan proposes that algae(藻类藻类) organisms that can live in 7 hot or

39、 cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen, should be bred in condition 8 to those on Venus(金星金星). 7. A. extremely B. nearly C. properlyD. possibly7. A 根据句意只能填程度副词根据句意只能填程度副词extremely(极其地极其地)。8. A. similar B. relevant C. abundantD. equal 8. A 根据搭配及句意可知，指与金星类似的条件。根据搭配及句意可知，指与金星类似的条件。 As so

40、on as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small 9 . Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere. 9. A. planes B. rocketsC. stars D. spaceshipsB 下一句的下一句的fire the rockets into the atmosphere有提示。与有提示。与rocket是原词复现。是原词复现。In a fairly short time, the algae will 10

41、the carbon dioxide into oxygen and 11 .10. A. turn downB. give off C. break down D. take off10. C 藻类就把二氧化碳分解藻类就把二氧化碳分解“break down”。11. A. water B. carbon C. salt D. hydrogen 11. B 由化学知识可知由化学知识可知, 二氧化碳分解成氧气和二氧化碳分解成氧气和“碳碳”。When the algae have done their work, the atmosphere will become cooler, but bef

42、ore man can set 12 on Venus it will be necessary for the oxygen to produce 13 . 12. A. hand B. eye C. ear D. foot12. D 由常识和搭配可知，由常识和搭配可知，set foot on“踏上，到达踏上，到达”。13. A. cloud B. snow C. rain D. fog13. C 最后一句的最后一句的but the rain will eventually fall有提有提示。与示。与rain是原词复现。是原词复现。The surface of the planet wil

43、l still be too 14 for man to land on, but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like the 15 will be reproduced on Venus.14. A. cool B. warm C. cold D. hot14. D 由前文的由前文的will become cooler可知可知, 其表面依然很其表面依然很“热热”。15. A. earth B. moon C. sun D. planet15. A 由前文可知由前文可知, “下雨几年下雨几年”后后, 像

44、像“地球地球”一样的一样的球体会在金星上再现。球体会在金星上再现。eventually最后最后 solar system 太阳系太阳系 atmosphere 大气大气 reproduce繁殖繁殖 三、阅读理解三、阅读理解 A. beneficial, because their inventors are famousB. beneficial, though their inventors are less famousC. not useful, because their inventors are less famousD. not useful, though their inven

45、tors are famous1. By mentioning “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”, the author indicates that countless inventions are _.B 推理判断题。最后一段推理判断题。最后一段(尤其是第尤其是第1句句)给出了提示。给出了提示。虽然红绿灯、透视玻璃等虽然红绿灯、透视玻璃等(当然包括雨刮器当然包括雨刮器)的发明者的发明者没有电灯和电话的发明者那样出名，但它们都是很有没有电灯和电话的发明者那样出名，但它们都是很有用处的。用处的。 A. add colour and variety t

46、o students campus lifeB. inform students of the windshield wipers inventionC. carry out the requirements by Mountain UniversityD. prepare students to try their own invention2. Professor Joan McLeans course aims to _.D 细节理解题。细节理解题。 从第从第2段的段的When students learn the answers to these questions, motivate

47、d to give inventing a try可知在这样的课上，学生可以得到发可知在这样的课上，学生可以得到发明的机会明的机会, 也更有动机去尝试一下发明。也更有动机去尝试一下发明。A. not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer B. inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper C. due to his dream of being caught in a rainstormD. not related to Professor Joan McLeans lectures3.

48、Tommy Lees invention of the unbreakable umbrella was _.B 细节理解题。细节理解题。 根据第根据第3段段Tommy Lee的话的话“If I had not heard the story of the windshield wipers invention into something so constructive”可知。可知。4. The windshield wiper was invented by _.A. Mary Anderson B. Joan McLeanC. Garrett A. Morgan D. Tommy Lee

49、A 细节理解题。细节理解题。 根据第根据第4段第段第2句和最句和最后一句可知。后一句可知。 A. How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers?B. How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window?C. Shouldnt We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper?D. Shouldnt We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?5. Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?C 主旨大意题。整篇文章主要是围绕雨刮器背后的故事展开了主旨大意题。整篇文章主要是围绕雨刮器背后的故事展开了论述。虽然它的发明人不是很出名论述。虽然它的发明人不是很出名, 但它的作用却毋庸置疑。作但它的作用却毋庸置疑。作者认为除了记住那些著名的发明人之外者认为除了记住那些著名的发明人之外, 我们也应该记住那些不我们也应该记住那些不是很出名的发明人。是很出名的发明人。【助读词汇】【助读词汇】unbreakable不易破损的不易破损的 constructive建设性