非谓语高考英语名师精讲课件

1、 非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点，也是我们英语学习中所碰到的难点之一。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，V-ing分词（又分为现在分词和动名词）和过去分词。1.非谓语动词的语法功能所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语（主语）补足语定语插入语（独立成分）V-ing形式现在分词动名词不定式（to do）过去分词（done）注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)，to be honest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to make things worse (更糟的是)，no

2、t to mention(更不用说)，Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking (一般说来 / 坦白说 / 粗略地说)2.非谓语动词的变化形式非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式to doto be donefor sb. to do sth. 或of sb. to do sth.在“to”前加not或never进行式to have doneto have been done完成式to be doing/完成进行式to have been doing/动名词一般式doingbeing donesb.或sbs doing作主语要用sbs d

3、oing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式： sbs not doingsbs not having done完成式having donehaving been done现在分词与动名词变化形式相同在前加not（一）辨别谓语与非谓语特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighed B. weighs C. weighed D. wei

4、ghing【解析】容易误选B或C，将其当成谓语看待。under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds用作children的定语。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。_ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构，会误选A或C项。这是祈使句+and+陈述句的句型。答案B。（二）非谓语作主语、宾语的重点1.it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语It is imp

5、ortant for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。 I think it important for us to learn English very well.我认为对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。it作形式主语使用动名词的句型It is no use/no good/useless+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is fun(a great pleasure, a waste of time)It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是

6、浪费时间。2.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be soundedC. sounding D. to have sounded【解析】want后要跟动词不定式作宾语，sound是连系动词不用被动式，与谓语动词没有时间的先后，故不可用它的完成式。答案A。类似的知识点要记牢。如：help, hope, ask, refuse, decide, promise, wish, pretend, expec

7、t, arrange, learn, plan, demand, dare, manage, agree, prepare, fail, determine, offer, choose, desire, elect, long等动词后要用动词不定式作宾语。It is difficult to imagine his _the decision without any consideration. A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted 【解析】imagine要求用动名词作宾语。答案B。3.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语意义不同In some

8、 parts of London, missing a bus means _for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 【解析】此题意为“在英国的一些地方，如果错过了公交车就意味着再等一个小时。”mean doing sth 意为“意味着什么”，mean to do sth 意为“试图、打算做什么”。答案A。类似的知识点要记牢。动词本身意义不变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同remember to do sth. 记住要做remember doing sth.记得过去做过forget to do sth. 忘了已做

9、过的事forget doing sth. 忘记要做某事动词本身意义改变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同regret to do sth.对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾regret doing sth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔mean to do sth.打算，想要mean doing 意味着，意思是try to do sth. 努力做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁，忍不住cant help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事be considered to have done被认为已经做了considerto be认为是consider

10、 doing考虑做某事动词本身意义不变，跟不定式被动式和动名词意义相同want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要用被动式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系These young trees require looking after（=to be looked after）.The matter needs thinking over(=to be thought over).下列动词跟动词不定式做目的状语，跟动名词作宾语stop to do停下来，要做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）stop doing停止做（动名词作宾语）go on to do接着做另一件事（不定式作目

11、的状语）go on doing继续做同一件事（动名词作宾语）（三） 非谓语作宾语补足语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系非谓语与宾语的逻辑关系与谓语动作的时间关系不定式主动关系在谓语动词后发生不带to的不定式表示动作的全过程现在分词主动关系同时进行过去分词被动关系动作已经完成或表示状态When I came in, I saw her dancing happily. （主动进行）I saw him go to the cinema.（主动，全过程）We heard her singing next door.（主动进行）We heard the song sung by her next doo

12、r. （被动完成）We heard the song being sung next door. （被动进行）2.下列动词和短语必须以用不定式作宾语补足语wish, want, ask, require/request, order, warn, allow/permit, forbid, expect, remind, encourage, inspire, call on, depend on注意：advise/allow/permit/forbid +宾语+不定式作宾语补足语advise/allow/permit/forbid +动名词作宾语时What did the librarian

13、 _ out of the library?  A. permit to take B. forbid to be taken C. allow to take D. insist being takenI dont allow _ in my office and I dont allow my family _ at all. A. to smokesmoking B. smokingto smoke C. to smoketo smoke D. smokingsmoking答案：B3. 在think, consider, find等动词后常用to be +adj. 结构作宾语补

14、足语，有时to be省略。We all discover him (to be) kind and honest.4.几个特别的结构have+宾语+do/doing/done “ have + 宾语+ do sth ”意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的 have 是使役动词，宾语后的 do sth 是不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。The boss often has them work for 14 hours a day.老板经常要他们一天工作14 个小时。“have +宾语+ doing”意为“叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”。宾语后面用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语与现在

15、分词表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行。Dont have the dog barking much, Lilin. 李林，别让狗狂吠不停。“ have + 宾语+done”意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”或者是“遭受/遭遇了，此时，主语是无意中的受害者，而不是动作的执行者”的意思。宾语后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。We had the machine mended just now.我们刚才请人把机器修好了。He had his leg injured while playing football.他在踢足球时腿受了伤。get+宾语+to do

16、/doing/done 三种结构的意义请参看上述“have+宾语+do/doing/done”的意义解释。 He got his sister to help him with his clothes. 他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。 Can you really get that old clock going again 你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗？ Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。 make + oneself + done oneself 与其后的过去分词存在着动宾关系，或者说是被动关系He rai

17、sed his voice in order to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。（四）非谓语作定语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系分类形式与被修饰词的逻辑关系与谓语动作的时间关系不定式to do动宾关系在谓语动作后发生“the last/next/first.” 后常接不定式作定语，表示主谓关系在谓语动作前或者后发生to be done被动关系在谓语动作后发生现在分词doing主动关系与谓语动作同时进行being done被动关系与谓语动作同时进行过去分词done被动关系在谓语动作之前发生存在的状态或情况It is a good chance to

18、 practice your spoken English.这是练习你的口语的好机会。He was the last one to leave the office. 他是最后一个离开办公室的。The woman standing over there is our English teacher.站在那边的那个妇女是我们的英语老师。The house to be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year will be our new library.（将要建的）The house being built (=wh

19、ich is being built) now will be our new library.（正在建的） The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now.（已经建成的） I like reading books written by Lu Xun.我喜欢读鲁迅写的小说。2.动词不定式尾后的介词不能丢When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _. A. to send B. for sending it C.

20、to send it to D. for sending it to 【解析】该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语，排除B 和D；答案A中，没有to就意味着是把George 这个人打发走。本句意思是将该报告送给这个人George, it 指这个报告，因此to不能少。答案C。（五） 非谓语作状语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系非谓语与逻辑主语（即句子的主语）的关系与谓语动作的时间关系doing（一般式）作状语主动关系（几乎）与谓语动作同时进行having done（完成式）作状语主动关系先于谓语动作发生having been done（完成被动式）作状语被动关系先于谓语动作发生done（过去分词）作状语

21、被动关系已经在过去发生或是不十分强调时间概念Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.Having (=Because we have) made full preparations, we are sure to be successful.Having been shown around(=After we had been shown) the library, we were then taken to see the laboratory.Seen (=When the t

22、own is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.Locked (=When he was locked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.2.tooto, enough to do, only to等结构表示结果 The boy is too young to join the navy.这男孩太小参不了海军。The hall is big enough to hold 1,000 people. 这厅大得足以容纳一千人。They l

23、ift a rock only to drop it on their own feet他们搬起石头结果却砸了自己的脚。注意：动词作结果作状语表示未曾预料的结果，而现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然或必然的结果。Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children. The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay. 3.分词（短语）作状语的附着规则使用分词（短语）作句子状语时，有一条规则必须遵守：即分词（短语）的逻辑主语应当与句子的主语一致，否则句子就是错句。_from t

24、he top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A. Seen B. Seeing C. Have seen D. To see【解析】此处是非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系，用过去分词。答案A。对比：Seeing from the top of the tower, we can find the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.主要：已经成为固定用法的非谓语动词（短语）不需要遵守这条附着规则常见的的有：

25、considering(鉴于/考虑到)，judging by/from(从来看，依据来判断)，supposing that(假定)，providing that (假定)，according to(依据)，including(包括)，owing to(由于)，talking/speaking of(谈及) given(考虑到), provided that(如果)4.独立主格结构和with复合结构逻辑主语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year. 今天我先给你寄100美元。其余的钱一年内陆续

26、寄过去。Weather permitting, Ill go to the park with my parents on Sunday. 如果天气允许，星期天我将和爸妈去公园。All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off. 考虑到所有的情况，原来计划好的旅行不得不取消。with(without)+宾语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词With a lot of difficult problems to settle ,the newly elected president is having a hard t

27、ime.有很多难题要解决新任总统日子可不好过！Without anything to eat, he died of hunger. 由于没有东西吃，他饿死了。The Yangtze river is very busy with so many boats and ships coming and going every day.每天长江上各种船只来来往往显得格外忙碌。 Without any more time given, we couldn't finish the task in three weeks. 如果不另给我们时间的话，我们三星期之内完成不了任务。With ever

28、ything well arranged, he left the office.一切都安排妥善之后，他离开了办公室。（六）非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般说来非谓语动词的逻辑主语要么就是句子的主语或宾语，要么就是被它所修饰的中心词。但是有时需要明确非谓语动词所表示动作的执行者或承受者，这时就要标明它的逻辑主语。当动名词短语作主语、宾语或表语时，具有名词特性，其逻辑主语由“名词所有格或形容词性物主代词”表示，放在动名词短语之前。当动名词短语不在句首时，也可由“名词普通格或代词宾格”表示。Helens/Her being absent made the teacher very angry. 海伦/她没

29、来上课，让老师很生气。They insisted on my/me speaking at the meeting. 他们坚持要我在会上发言。Please do me a favor _ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited 【解析】答案为C。该题目把祈使句，非谓语动词以及破折号的作用综合到一起来进行考察查。句意：请帮我个忙邀请我的朋友史密斯先生今晚7点半到青年剧院。破折号后是一个祈使句。1.作宾语时的区别I cant stand _

30、with Jane in the same office. She just refuses_ talking while she works. A. working , stopping B. to work, stopping C. working, to stopD. to work , to stop 【解析】答案为C。stand在这里表示“忍受”，后面要求用动名词作宾语，而“refuse”要用不定式作宾语。Isn't it time you got down to_ the papers?A. mark   B. be markedC. being mar

31、ked D. marking 【解析】答案为D。 “got down to”中的“to”是介词因而要用动名词作宾语，而动名词“marking”与其逻辑主语“you”是主动关系。There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _.A. that, to be improved B. which , to be improvedC. where, improving D. when, improving【解析】答案为A。因为“公路状况需要改善”，“need”后接“imp

32、roving”或“to be improved”都可以。后面的从句应是“problem”的同位语，应用“that”引导。Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She triedalone, but she didnt like it and moved back home.A. livingB. to liveC. to be living D. having lived【解析】答案为A。try doing sth.意为“试着做某事”；try to do sth. 意为“尽力去做某事”。句意：苏姗不想依赖父母。她试着一个人生活，但不喜欢这

33、样，又搬回家去了。All the staff in our company are considering_ to the city centre for the fashion show.A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. having gone【解析】答案为B。consider doing意为“考虑做某事”。2.作表语时的区别Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it. A. interested B. interesting C. intere

34、stingly D. interestedly【解析】答案为A。“sound”是连系动词，应使用形容词化的分词作表语。C、D 备选项都是副词，应排除。“interest”的现在分词表示主语所具有的特征，意思是“令人感兴趣的”；过去分词表示主语所处的状态，意思是“感兴趣的”。Please remain;the winner of the prize will be announced soon.A. seatingB. seated C. to seat D. to be seated【解析】答案为B。“seat”是及物动词，“be seated=sit down”。此处“seated=sitt

35、ing”。“remain seated”保持坐着的状态。句意为：请各位在座位上坐着；获奖者很快就会宣布的。3.作宾语（主语）补足语时的区别The teacher asked us _so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make【解析】答案为D。在动词“ask”后面用不定式作宾语补足语，其否定形式是“not to do”。Excuse me sir, where is Room 301? Just a minute. Ill have Bob _you to your room. A. show B. s

36、hows C. to show D. showingA cook will be immediately fired if he was found _in kitchen. A. smoke B. smokingC. to smoke D. smoked【解析】答案为B。“find”后接现在分词作主语补足语。此句中“smoking” 是主语“he”的补足语, 所以称为主语补足语。表示主动的正在发生的事。根据“immediately”可判断出“厨师当场被发现在厨房吸烟会被立即开除”。To learn English well, we should find opportunities to h

37、ear Englishas much as we can.A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak【解析】答案为C。此处考查“hear+宾语+do/doing/done”的结构。因为“English”是“被说”，故用过去分词（spoken）作宾补，表示被动。4.作后置定语时的区别If there is a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing【解析】答案为A。“work”和“do”虽然

38、存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但主语“I”和“do”存在逻辑上的主谓关系，此时用“to do”做后置定语。When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _.A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to 【解析】答案为C。该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语，排除B 和D选项；答案A项意为“送乔治这个人走”，显然不符合题意。而应该是将报告送给“乔治这个人”才符合题意。“it”指这个报告。后面的介词“to”不能少。The last o

39、ne _ pays the meal.Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 【解析】答案为C。“the last/next/first.” 后常接不定式作定语。The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held 【解析】答案为D。非谓语动词作后置定语的三种情况：the meeting to be held意为“即将召开的会议”；the meeting hel

40、d意为“已经召开的会议”；the meeting being held是“正在召开的会议”的意思。很显然当时（2006年）“the 29th Olympic Games”还没有召开，故选D项。Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed【解析】答案为C。根据本题提供的语境，“看书时有画面在大脑中形成。”而句

41、中有谓语“there are ”，所以本应填非谓语动词，可排除B项。又因为“看书的同时就会形成”，排除A、D选项，故选C项作定语。At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close【解析】答案为C。参看上面的例。The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the mo

42、st distinguished building at that time. A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed【解析】答案为C。参看上面例的简析。Can thoseat the back of the classroom hear me?No problem.A. seat B. sitC. seated D. sat 【解析】答案为C。“sit”为不及物动词，可用“sitting”作定语；“seat”为及物动词，常与反身代词连用或用“be seated”形式。这里“seat

43、”与“those”构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用其过去分词作定语=those who are seated。5.作状语时的区别He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets has been sold out. A. to be told B. to tell C. told D. telling【解析】答案为A。“only”后接不定式表示出人意料的结果。 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US $57.65

44、 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching【解析】答案为B。从句意来分析, 主句部分表示油价上涨了百分之三十二，逗号后面的内容为油价上涨后的必然结果“达到记录” 。 The storm left ,_ a lot of damage to this area .A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused【解析】答案为D。因“The storm”与“cause”存在逻辑上的主动关系，故排除选项A；不定式作状语，前

45、面通常不用逗号，排除B、C选项；因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前, 所以用完成式。“You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran【解析】答案为B。“running away”在此作“shouted”的伴随状语, 由珍妮特发出这一动作, 故用现在分词。 to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. Fail B. FailedC. To fail D. Having failed 【解析】答案为D。非谓语动词与

46、主语构成主谓关系。且“没有打动电话”在“发电子邮件” 前已经发生。用现在分词主动式的完成式作时间状语。 around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.A. Having shownB. To be shownC. Having been shown D. To show【解析】答案为C。“show”与“take”之间有明显的时间先后关系，且句子的主语与“show”构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故该空格处用完成式的被动形式。_ in a white uniform, h

47、e looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed【解析】答案为A。“dress”是及物动词，其用法为“dress sb./oneself（表动作）、be dressed in（表状态）”。“dress”与“he”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系, 故用过去分词。_ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdow

48、ns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put【解析】答案为A。句子的主语是“the hotline”与“投入使用”存在着逻辑上的被动关系，而且表示过去的事情, 所以排除D项。Faced with a bill for $10,000, _.A. an extra job has been given to John  B. the boss has given John an extra jobC. an extra job has been taken   D. John has taken an extra

49、job【解析】答案为A。根据“分词作状语其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致”的原则，只有A项才对。_, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A. General speaking B. Speaking generalC. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally【解析】答案为C。分词短语独立成分。现在分词短语作为习语不遵守分词的附着规则。_ _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at

50、 all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared【解析】答案为D。分词的逻辑主语为“the biggest ocean”，它不能发出“compare”动作。从“compare A with B”的结构我们可以推断，它们之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词。如选B或C项，则就是“垂悬分词”。1.不定式的复合结构和否定结构It was foolish _you to give up what you rightly owned.A. for  B. of  C. ab

51、out  D. from 【解析】答案为B。本句可以改成：You were foolish to give up。形容词与非谓语动词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule_.A. to never break B. never to be brokenC. never to have brokenD. never to be breaking 【解析】答案为B。动词不定式的否定式是在“to”前加“not”或“never”。“规则被打破”要用被动式。The patient was

52、 warned _oily food after the operation.A. to eat not  B. eating not  C. not to eat  D. not eating【解析】答案为C。动词不定式的否定式是在“to”前加“not”或“never”。2.动词不定式的省略结构Whats the matter with Della?Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, bu

53、t she still _ _.A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for【解析】答案为A。在不定式作简略回答时，常常将不定式“to”之后的内容省略。Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class? , but I promised Nancy to go out with her.A. Id like to B.I like it C.I dont D.I will【解析】答案为A。简略答语中省略动词，只保留动词不定式符号。In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easie