非谓语动词(2)(1)

1、1 1性质性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除除谓语以外的一切成分。谓语以外的一切成分。非谓语动词非谓语动词2形式形式不定式不定式 相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。动名词动名词 相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语.分词分词 相当于形容词、副词。作表

2、语、定语、宾语补相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。足语、状语。 一 动词不定式 The Infinitive (to do )不 定 式 的不 定 式 的 作 用作 用不定式的不定式的时态时态不定式的不定式的语态语态不定式不定式1. 主语主语2. 宾语宾语3. 宾语补足语宾语补足语4. 表语表语5. 定语定语6. 状语状语 1. _( talk ) with him is a great pleasure. 2. _( help ) others is our duty. To talkTo help3. 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前如果要说明不定式表示

3、的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由加一个由 for for 引起的短语引起的短语, ,构成不定式的复合结构。构成不定式的复合结构。2. 不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,可以用可以用it作形式主语作形式主语.It is our duty to help others4. It is+adj+for sb to do It is+adj+ of sb to do4. It is important _ Tom to get that job. It is kind _ you to help me with my English.forof1不定式作主语：不定式作主语：3.It is easy_

4、 _ (学生读学生读)(adj: kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, careless, rude, polite, naughty（修饰人的形容词）（修饰人的形容词）（修饰物的形容词）（修饰物的形容词）1.单个不定式直接作主语，谓语动词单数单个不定式直接作主语，谓语动词单数for the students to read.用来说明主语的具体内容或表示目的用来说明主语的具体内容或表示目的The most important thing in life is to have a great aim, an

5、d the determination toachieve it.The next step is to make sure that you knowwhat you should do.To see is to believe.2不定式作表语：不定式作表语：want, demand, hope, wish, expect,fail, help, offer, manage, pretend, promise, prepare, learn, agree, plan, determine, prefer, intend. 1. They wanted _( get ) on the bus,

6、 didnt they?2. He said he wished _( be ) a professor.3. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor.4. He had promised _ ( give ) me a hand.to getto beto goto give3不定式作宾语：不定式作宾语：1.He found _Russian.(study/important)2.The computer makes_(possible/ calculate faster)2）如作宾语的不定式有自己的补语，须用先行词）如作宾语的不定式有自己的补语，须用先

7、行词 it作作 形式宾语，形式宾语，而将真正的宾语不定式后置。而将真正的宾语不定式后置。 1)有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有it important to studyit possible to calculate faster.句式：主句式：主+谓谓+it+adj/n+to dothink, find, feel, consider, makeWe thought it better to start early.Ill leave it to you to decide.They consider it important to get

8、 his permission.I find it difficult to learn math. 1.He seldom comes except _at my pictures.(look)2.We have no choice but _outside.(wait)3.They could do nothing but _for help.(ask)前有前有do 后无后无to ,前无前无do 后有后有to能够用不定式作宾语的介词不多，常见的只有能够用不定式作宾语的介词不多，常见的只有but but 和和except.except. 注意注意to lookto waitask此外，介词此

9、外，介词of, on, over, about和词组和词组as to 等后面常跟等后面常跟“疑问代、副词疑问代、副词+不定式不定式”做宾语。做宾语。Im thinking of how to express my thanks to you.They discussed on how to improve their studies.I was careful over what to say.The couple was at a loss as to what to do next. 5看（看（look at, see, watch,notice,observe） 3使（使（make, l

10、et, have）；）；2听（听（listen to, hear）；）； 1感觉（感觉（feel）。）。1.The teacher made the boy_( go )out of the classroom2.We observed them_(finish)the work3.He was made_(tell) a story4.Let us_( have) a rest.5.The teacher got the students _(hand )in homework.“吾看三室两厅一感觉吾看三室两厅一感觉”主动语态主动语态 s+v +sb + do .被动语态。被动语态。S+be

11、 +v ed+ to doA 1. I didnt want my parents _( help ) me. 2. Wed prefer you _( take ) the job instead of Zhang.B4.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语.+V+sb to dogohave to hand to tell to help to takefinish let sb do sth get sb to do sthc. 做判断类动词的宾补做判断类动词的宾补常见词有常见词有judge, think, consider, find, know, suppose, prove等等I

12、know him to be honest.I consider the work to be important.I judge her to be 60 years old.d. 做建议命令类动词的宾补做建议命令类动词的宾补常见词有常见词有advise, allow, beg, command, force,encourage, permit, request, order, persuade, warnHe commanded the soldiers to be silent.Please remind me to come early.e. 做某些短语动词的宾补做某些短语动词的宾补如

13、如long for, wait for, call on(号召），号召），rely on, arrange for等等 I rely on you to finish the work today.We are waiting for the doctor to arrive.1.He was the first person_to the classroom (come)2. Do you have anything_ ?(say)3. He thought out a plan _ (punish) Tom.to say to come to punish 4. We need a roo

14、m to live5. We have a lot of problems to talk作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。5.不定式作定语不定式作定语inabout1.The house is not big enough for us all_.A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _?A. cut the fruit withB. to cut the fru

15、it C. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fruit with3.I have something important to say.please find a piece of paper （写上）（写上） 4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen （写）（写）to write onto write with动词不定式做定语动词不定式做定语不定式作定语与被修饰名词之间构成三种关系不定式作定语与被修饰名词之间构成三种关系1）动宾关系）动宾关系I have lots homework

16、to do.I need some water to drink.2)主谓关系主谓关系We need another ten people to help us.3) 偏正关系偏正关系There is no need to worry about it.目的状语还可用目的状语还可用 in order to 或或so as to结果状语还可用结果状语还可用 soas to, suchas to, enough to, tooto, only to等结构来表示等结构来表示 _(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had an operation on he

17、r. 2. He hurried to the station only _ ( find ) the train left.不定式在作表语不定式在作表语/ 补语的补语的形容词形容词后面作状语，用主动形式后面作状语，用主动形式表被动意思。表被动意思。This question is difficult _ (answer).Do you think him easy_ (work) with?We find this rule hard _ (remember)6.不定式作状语不定式作状语To save to find作目的、结果要用不定式。作目的、结果要用不定式。 to answer to

18、work to remember6.不定式作状语不定式作状语 做目的状语做目的状语 The whole family went to the beach to spend the weekend. To make the best ever games in 2008, Beijing made several big changes.目的状语还可用目的状语还可用 in order to 或或so as tob. 作结果状语作结果状语The girl raised her head to find everybody was looking at her.What have I said to

19、 make you so excited?At that time, she was too young to understand this.结果状语还可用结果状语还可用 soas to, suchas to, enough to, tooto, only to等结构来表示等结构来表示 I was fortunate enough to get a ticket.It was such a good film as to move us to tears.You are so kind as to lend me your bike.He lifted a rock only to drop

20、 it on his own feet.表原因表原因(不定式常跟一些表示喜怒哀乐等情感的形容词不定式常跟一些表示喜怒哀乐等情感的形容词或或V-ed形式后面，说明产生这种情绪的原因）形式后面，说明产生这种情绪的原因）All of us are shocked to hear the news.The old couple seemed content to watch TV all day.作条件状语作条件状语To hear you speak English, people might take you for an American.(=if people heard you)A man w

21、ould be blind not to see that.(=if he did not see that)1._ (实话实说实话实说), he doesnt agree with you. 2. （诚实说（诚实说)，I dont like your idea To tell (you) the truthTo be honest3._（首先），（首先）， Beijing is a very beautiful city。7.不定式作独立成分不定式作独立成分,做插入语做插入语To begin with8.不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, who,

22、which, when, where, how, what how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语，表语，宾语等。主语，表语，宾语等。 He didnt know what to say.2.How to solve the problem is important. 3.My question is when to start. 1.I saw him_.2.I plan to attend the meeting_ tomorrow4.Im sorry _ you waiting.5.The article is said _ by man

23、y people. go outto be held3.He pretended _ (sleep)when I came in. to be sleepingto have keptto have been read9.不定式的时态与语态：不定式的时态与语态：1）不定式的）不定式的一般式一般式：不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之前之后发生。作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之前之后发生。to do /to be doneShe appears to be satisfied.I hope to see you soon.We are ju

24、st happy to have you back.同时同时之后之后之前之前2）不定式的）不定式的进行式进行式：不定式表示的动作正在进行，这不定式表示的动作正在进行，这一动作可以和谓语动词的动作同时发生，也可以在它之一动作可以和谓语动词的动作同时发生，也可以在它之后发生。后发生。to be doingThey seem to be getting along quite well.I wish to be studying with you next year.同时同时之后之后3 3）不定式的）不定式的完成式完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前前。可用来表示过去已

25、完成的动作，又可表示没有实现可用来表示过去已完成的动作，又可表示没有实现的愿望。的愿望。to have done to have been done表示动作已完成表示动作已完成Im sorry to have bothered you so much.The city is said to have been built into an art center.表示过去没有实现的愿望、计划等。表示过去没有实现的愿望、计划等。I meant to have telephoned, but I forget.(=I had meant to telephone)Id like to have gon

26、e shopping, but it rained.10. 不定式的否定式不定式的否定式The patient was told not to eat oil food after the operation.He warned his son never to drive after drinking.11. 不定式的常见结构不定式的常见结构1）be+动词不定式动词不定式此结构中，此结构中，be只有一般现在时和只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式。一般过去时两种形式。a. 表示按照计划或安排将要做的事表示按照计划或安排将要做的事The meeting is to be held next we

27、ek.He felt excited because he was soon to go abroad traveling.b. 表示命令或指示表示命令或指示You are not to smoke in the office.The homework is to be to handed in to the teacherin person. 11. 不定式的常见结构不定式的常见结构c. 表示征求意见表示征求意见What am I to say if they ask me the question?Where am I to put the vase?d. 表示不可避免将要发生某事表示不可

28、避免将要发生某事The worst is still to come. Better days are soon to follow.11. 不定式的常见结构不定式的常见结构2）主动形式表示被动含义的结构）主动形式表示被动含义的结构 不定式作形容词的宾语，和句子主语构成逻辑不定式作形容词的宾语，和句子主语构成逻辑 上的动宾关系时。上的动宾关系时。The homework is not easy to do.The water is not healthy to drink.b. 作后置定语，和被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑作后置定语，和被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又和该句主语构成逻辑

29、上的上的动宾关系，但又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。主谓关系。Most people have some similar experience to remember.11. 不定式的常见结构不定式的常见结构2）主动形式表示被动含义的结构）主动形式表示被动含义的结构c. 在在too.to和和enoughto结构中结构中The box is too heavy to carry.The book is cheap enough to buy.d. to let, to blame等作表语时等作表语时The house is to let. 这所房子要出租这所房子要出租You are to bl

30、ame. 这是你的过错。这是你的过错。I have something to type.I have something to be typed.11. 不定式的常见结构不定式的常见结构3）不定式的独立主格结构）不定式的独立主格结构该结构指的是该结构指的是“（with/without）+名词名词+不定式不定式”结构，在此结构中，不定式和它前面的名词或代词结构，在此结构中，不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑的主谓关系，词结构通常作状语。存在着逻辑的主谓关系，词结构通常作状语。The mayor to inspect the school, the headmasteris as busy as

31、 a bee.The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.Without anything to do all day, we felt rather dull. 二 动名词GerundWorking hard will produce good results.1.时时 态态 和和 语语 态态 类 别 及及 物物动动 词词不及物动词不及物动词形式主主 动动被被 动动主主 动动一般式 doing being done doing 完成式 having donehaving been donehaving done动词的动词的-in

32、g现在分词现在分词 动名词动名词在句中可以做：在句中可以做： 主语主语，表语，表语，宾语宾语， 补语，定语和状语补语，定语和状语千万要注意千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！形式的规则哟！不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。一：简介一：简介 v+ing 作主语作主语Playing with fire is dangerous.Talking is easier than doing.1）动名词直接作主语。）动名词直接作主语。(单个的单个的v-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单

33、数。形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。)1作主语时句子有三种形式：作主语时句子有三种形式：2）用）用it作形式主语。作形式主语。(常用于以下结构：常用于以下结构：It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/worth/dangerous/fun/a waste of time等）等）It is no use trying to persuade him.It is a waste of time arguing about it.作主语作主语1)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 _ is very important for me2)说比做

34、容易。说比做容易。_ is easier than doing.Learning new wordsTalking3) 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。_ with ShylockIt is useless trying to argue用形式主语用形式主语it，把真正的主语，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，a waste of等。等。如：如：动名词直接置于句首

35、主语的位置上。动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。1作主语作主语. 动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：1)这种事开不得玩笑。这种事开不得玩笑。 Here is _ about such matter.2)无法知道他什么时候离开。无法知道他什么时候离开。 There was _ when he would leave. 作主语作主语no jokingno knowing在在there be结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于于“It is impossible to do ” 如如 There is no doing：There is no

36、 sense in doing sth. 做做没道理没道理There is no use/good doingThere is nothing worse than doing 没有比做没有比做更糟的更糟的There is no point doing 做做无意义无意义V-ing 做主语做主语_(play)with fire is dangerous.Be careful! _(play)with fire will be dangerous.to do or v-ing?PlayingTo play_(swim)is good for our health._(swim)in this ri

37、ver is not allowedSwimmingTo swim表示一般或抽象的多次行为表示一般或抽象的多次行为具体的或一次性的动作或将来的动作具体的或一次性的动作或将来的动作Smoking is forbidden here.(泛指任何人抽烟的行为）泛指任何人抽烟的行为）It is no good for you to smoke so much.(具体指你吸烟的行为）具体指你吸烟的行为）Her job is keeping the office clean.(经常性动作）经常性动作）Her job this afternoon is to clean the office.(具体的一次行

38、为）具体的一次行为）作表语与动词不定式的区别（和主语的区别一致）作表语与动词不定式的区别（和主语的区别一致）Her hobby is painting. (一般性动作）一般性动作）Today what he wants to do is to paint.(具体的动作）具体的动作）His wish is to become an artist. (将要发生的事情）将要发生的事情） 她的业余爱好是画画。她的业余爱好是画画。 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。1.Her hobby is_2.My job is_paintinglooking after the children

39、.1)表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，表语主语和互换位置表语主语和互换位置二、二、-ing形式作表语形式作表语3.Our task is studying English wellStudying English well is our task.2）表示主语具有的特征，可看作为形容词）表示主语具有的特征，可看作为形容词The problem is/seems quite puzzling.用作宾语用作宾语looking forI cant avoid_Have you considered _ one special friend?1)

40、我不能不去。我不能不去。2)你是否考虑过找一位挚友你是否考虑过找一位挚友? (一一).（1）只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有）只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。等。如：如： (一一) 有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语； (二二) 有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别） (

41、三三) 有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别）（没大区别）going三。动名词作宾语三。动名词作宾语有三种情况。有三种情况。常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:考虑建议盼原谅，考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，避免错过继续练，否认完成停能赏，否认完成停能赏，不禁介意准逃亡，不禁介意准逃亡，不准冒险凭想象。不准冒险凭想象。consider, suggest / advise ,look forward to ,excuse ,pardon admit, delay / put off , fancy avoid ,

42、 miss ,keep /keep on , practise deny , finish , stop ,enjoy / appreciate cant help , mind , allow/ permit ,escape forbid , risk , imagine （2）. 只接只接v-ing作宾语的常见动词短语作宾语的常见动词短语1.He devoted his time to _ (teach)2.I am looking forward to _from you (hear)teaching hearing insist on, object to, be good at, l

43、ead to, put off, give up, feel like, look forward to, devote to, be worth, devote to, get used to, pay attention tohave difficulty (in)注注：advise/allow/ forbid/permit/require/encourageWe dont allow people to smoke here. People are not allowed to smoke here.We dont allow smoking here.doing sthsb. to d

44、o sth动词动词forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, cant help forget, regret, remember 后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。 (二二) 有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）I forgot _to her.(我忘了曾经给她写过信）我忘了曾经给她写过信）I forgot _her about it.我忘了要告

45、诉。）我忘了要告诉。）I remember_ you somewhere in biejing.（see）Remember _me tonight.(call)He regretted_ in the exam.(cheat)I regret _that we cant stay here any longer(say)writingto tell seeingto callcheatingto saygo on doing 继续做原来做的事继续做原来做的事go on to do 接着做另一件事接着做另一件事 mean doing 意味着要做某事意味着要做某事mean to do 想要做某事想

46、要做某事 stop doing 停止做某事停止做某事stop to do 停下来（别的事）停下来（别的事）try doing 试着做某事试着做某事try to do 努力做某事努力做某事be used to doing 习惯于做某事习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事被用来做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事1.He stopped _and have a rest.(smoke) 2.He really must stop_3. I once tried _French(learn)4.L

47、ets try _at the back door.(knock)5.I didnt to mean _your feeling.(hurt)6. This word means _out at once.(set)7.I cant help _the room.for I am too busy(clean)8.After hearing the joke, we cant help _(laugh)9.Water is uesed to _flowers(water)10.I am used to _early.(get)11.Though it rained, they went on_

48、.(work)12.We have finished Part 1.Lets go on _P 2(Learn)to smokesmokingto learnknockingto hurtsettingTo cleanlaughingwaterGetting upworkingto learn(三三) 有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别）（没大区别）1.一些表示喜好或开始动作的动词一些表示喜好或开始动作的动词like,love,hate,prefer ,intend ,begin, start continue等，等，用不定式做宾语和用

49、不定式做宾语和v+ing形式做宾语，意义相差不大形式做宾语，意义相差不大1.I started _(work)here two years ago.2.I intended _a poem in English.(write)3.They prefer _(spend) their summer vacation in the country.2温馨提示：介词后都用动词的温馨提示：介词后都用动词的-ing形式作宾语。形式作宾语。What prevent you from coming on time?No one would have dreamed of there being such a

50、 place.3. 下列动词接下列动词接v-ing作形式宾语，其主动形式作形式宾语，其主动形式表示被动意义表示被动意义sb./sth.want/need/require/deserve +doing/to be doneThe room needs painting/to be painted.The sick woman required examining/to be examined.The man deserved punishing/to be punished. 四四 作宾补作宾补 在表示感觉和心理状态的动词后作宾补，这些在表示感觉和心理状态的动词后作宾补，这些 动词常见的有动词常

51、见的有hear, feel, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, smell, watch等。等。 He saw the boy playing in the yard. I must say I dont like to hear you talking like that. see sb do (过程）过程） see sb doing (进行的动作）进行的动作） b.在表示在表示“致使致使”等意义的动词后作宾补，常见的等意义的动词后作宾补，常见的 词有词有catch, have, get, keep, set, leave等。等。

52、 Im sorry to have kept you waiting for me for so long. The joke set everybody laughing. What she has told left us thinking that shea. experienced much when she was young.四四 作宾补作宾补c.这种结构如使用被动语态，这种结构如使用被动语态，V-ing便是主补。便是主补。He was seen going out.The child was heard crying in the next room.building mater

53、ials = drinking water = a reading room =materials (which are used) for buildingwater for drinking 饮用水饮用水a room for reading 阅览室阅览室 a writing desk cooking salt a dancing hall a meeting room an operating table a sleeping car opening speechspending money answering machine动名词一般只能做前置定语，动名词一般只能做前置定语，a.说明被修

54、饰名词的用途和性能说明被修饰名词的用途和性能 ，多数时候可以换成，多数时候可以换成for引导的短语引导的短语:如如：五、五、-ing形式作定语形式作定语b. 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态a sleeping baby=a baby who is sleeping a puzzling question=a question which puzzles everybody2. 后置定语后置定语作定语的作定语的V-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面,表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态，表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态，它与被

55、修饰的词之间有一种逻辑上的主谓关系。它与被修饰的词之间有一种逻辑上的主谓关系。The man standing by the window is our teacher. =who is standing/stands by.A building is being built now.A building which is being built now is a school.A building was being built here at that time.A building which was being built at that time is a school.Those

56、who wish to join the club should sign here.Those wishing to join the club should sign here.注意：注意：1) V-ing形式的完成式一般不可用作后置定形式的完成式一般不可用作后置定语语The students having finished the homework can go home now. The students who have finished the homework. 2)与谓语动作不能同时发生的与谓语动作不能同时发生的V-ing形式不可用于形式不可用于后置定语后置定语The expe

57、rt coming here yesterday will give us a lecture. The expert who came here yesterday.四四 作状语作状语 表示时间表示时间 V-ing作时间状语，相当于一个状语从句。作时间状语，相当于一个状语从句。 While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. =while he was reading the book Turning around, she saw a car driving up. =when she turned around b.表示原因表示原

58、因 Being tired out, he couldnt walk any further. =As he was tired out Being a student, you should work hard. =As you are a student, Having finished the homework, he went out.a.=As he had finished 四四 作状语作状语Not knowing how to work out the problem, he =Since she did not know howturned to the teacher for

59、 help.c.表示结果表示结果The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing. =and left nothing.The teacher came in, and he was followed by the students. being followed by the students.四四 作状语作状语d.表示条件表示条件Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes. =if you are more carefulIf weather permits, well go to park

60、tomorrow.=Weather permitting,e.表示让步表示让步although they know all this, they made me pay for the damage.Knowing all this四四 作状语作状语f.表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明I sat at the table, watching TV happily. =and watched TV happilyHe was walking along the street, and looked this way and that.looking this wa