冠词的用法详解

1、冠词的用法详解英语中冠词分为定冠词the 和不定冠词a/an两种。冠词一般不单独使用，往往放在名词前面，表示不同的意义。一：a 和an区别A用于辅音前，an用于元音前。特别注意的是an用于元音因素（发音）而不是字母前。1. 拼写以辅音字母开头读音却以元音开头的单词hour, honest, honor等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母h开头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此，前面要用an。可熟记下面这句话：An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honorable task. (一小时前，一位诚实的人接受了一项光荣的任务。)2. 拼写以元音

2、字母开头读音却以辅音开头的单词useful, university, usual, European, united, one-eyed, one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此，前面要用a。可熟记下面这句话：In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along a one-way road with a usual tool. This is a usual thing. (在一所大学里，有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着有用的工具沿着一条单行道行走，这是件平常的事。)如：Five years ago

3、her brother was _ university student of _ physics. (上海卷)A. a; the B. an; the C. an; / D. a; /【分析】答案选D。因为university是以辅音j开头的要用a，排除B和C；physics是学科名词，前面不用冠词。3. 英文字母前用a还是用an的问题在26个英文字母中，A ei, e i, f ef, h eitf  I ai, lel  m em , n en o ou ra sesx eks等12个字母的读音是以元音开头的，因此前面要用an。其余字母则

4、是以辅音开头的。如：Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped _ ”m” here. (全国卷)A. an B. the C. / D. aThere is a “u ,an m and a p in the word “jump:.【分析】答案选A。因为字母m的发音是以元音e开头的，所以用an；这里的an的意义与one相当，表示“一个”。an NBA star  一个篮球明星an MIT student. 一个麻省理工的学生二：不定冠词的用法1：表示“一个”与“one ”相同Rome wasnt bui

5、lt in a day.He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled.2:与专有名词连用，表示“某一”。“一个叫-的人”。The little boy wants to be a Le Feng.A professor from Qinghua University will give us a lecture.A Mr smith is waiting for you at the school gate.3：表示“每一”相当于per，用于某些表示时间、重量、长度等的单位前。500 dollars a day , four times

6、a day , twice a day ,8 hours a dayWe go swimming four times a week.4: a +most 表示“非常”。Though it is a most interesting book in these books ,it is not the most interesting one.This is a most troublesome case.5: a+序数词，表示“再一”、“又一”You can try it a second time if you failWhen I sat down a fifth man ro

7、se to speak.6:a(n)+名词，作表语表职业。He is a professor .She is a engineer.但是  He turned sailor after he grew up.= He became a sailor after he grew up7：表示“同一”“相同”，等于“the same”They are of an age.=They are of the same age.Birds of a feather flock togetherThe two shirts are much of a size.8:在感叹句中What

8、a splendid performance it is .How serious a problem it is .9:在so, as ,too ,how+形容词之后He is so famous a poet that he is admired by othersIt is as fine a day as I have ever spent,It is too difficult a book for you to read .He doesnt know how precious a thing it is.10:在half, many , quite ,rather 之后

9、Half a dozen of apples , many a flower ,quite a good idea ,rather a clever boy ,such a funny expressionHe is quite a good actor.Don't be in such a hurry.11:  第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.12; 表示一类人和东西A tiger can be dange

10、rous.A teacher must love his students.A bad workman quarrels with his tools.A dog is a faithful animal.=Dogs are faithful animals.13:物质名词的具体化，The people in China like tea and green tea is a wonderful tea.We dont have much rain here ,but last night we had a heavy rain.Please give me a coffee .( a cup

11、 of coffee)14:抽象名词的具体化The sports meet was a great success.It is an honour to be invited to the party.Reading is a pleasure for me.15：世界上独一无二的东西前有修饰语时：We hope we can see a full moon tonight.China hopes to see a peaceful and friendly world in the 21st century.16:在表示季节、月份、日期、三餐前有修饰语时：We had a very

12、 cold winter last year.This happened on a cold night.We had a wonderful lunch at that party.17:首次提到的单数可数名词前There is a man and an animal at the gate.18:某些固定短语中：a great/good deal of ,a good many of ,a number of ,a lot of ,as a result of ,all of a sudden ,get in a word ,have a cold ,go for a walk, in a

13、 hurry ,after a while ,once in a while ,as a matte of fact ,once upon a time ,have a word with ,one at a time ,a waste of 三：使用定冠词的情况：1：表示特定的人或物The book on the desk is mine.The girl in blue is my sister.2:上文提到的人或物前面I bought a shirt yesterday .The shirt was very beautifulThey have a son and a daughter

14、 .The song is a lawyer and the daughter is a nurse.3:表示谈话人双方都知道的人或物Jack，close the window please.The manager is in the office.3：用于单数可数名词前表示类别，相当于不定冠词表示类别A lion is a dangerous animal.=The lion is a dangerous animal.=Lions are dangerous animals.5:在表示整个类别的名词前The tiger is in danger of dying out.The lion

15、is more fierce than the wolf.6:在表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前，但是前面有修饰语时可以用不定冠词The sun /moon/star/earth/world/sky /universe/seaThe moon cast a shadow on the wall.A bright moon hangs over the garden.7:在表示方向、方位的名词前In the east/west/south/north. On the right/left ,in the middleThe wind is blowing from the east.Turn (

16、to the )left, and you will find the cinema.8:在表示自然现象的名词前The weather/climate /wind.但是nature前不用冠词The farmers are complaining about the weather.9:用于形容词之前表示一类人或物The poor/sick/rich/wounded/dead/deaf/blind/public/living /youngThe rich are not always happier than the poor.Soon he would be among the unemplo

17、yed.You cant expect them to do the impossible.10:表示乐器、娱乐场所名词前I like playing the piano/violin/flute/guitar.I used to go the cinema/concert/theater/party.11:表示某项发明单数名词前The compass was invented in China 2000years ago.Who invented the telephone?12:用于序数词或形容词最高级前The earliest coins in the world were used i

18、n China.He is always the first to come to school.13:在only, same ,right ,very之前just之后He was the only person invited to the ball in the office.Dont make the same mistake again. 比较：This is the very book that Im eager to read.This is just the book that Im eager to read.14：用在复数的姓氏前表示一家人或者夫妇The Jones

19、 will come to the party tonight.The smiths love animals.15：与民族、国籍的名词连用指全体The Chinese are a hardworking people.The English re proud of their sense of humour.16:在“越来越”的结构中The more he has ,the more he wants.The more learned he is ,the more modest he is.17：用在世纪或者逢十进位的复数年代前In the 19th century, in th

20、e 1980s,in the 1980s18：在抓打人体某部位名词前Pat/strike/hit sb on the head/nose/shoulder/backTake /catch/seize sb by the arm/hand/collar/sleeve19:在表示剂量的名词前By the dozen/ton/pound/month/day/week/hourBy dozens /hundreds/inches但是，by weight/volume, 按重量、体积计算不用the20：用于特指的不可数名词前Did you take the advice that he gave you

21、 about the matter?The air in the room is fresh.21:用于江、河、湖、海、洋、运河等专有名词前the Yangtze River .the West Lake ,the Red sea the Atlantic Ocean .the Panama Canel22:用于山脉群岛等专有名词前，但是孤岛孤山前不用冠词the Alps, the Philipines , Mount Tai23:用于表示海湾、海峡、沙漠等专有名词前The Taiwan Straits, the English Channel, the Sahara Desert24:含有普

22、通名词的专有名词前the Peoples Republic of China,  the United Stated of American25:表示公共建筑的专有名词前the Great Wall, the Summer Palace the childrens palace26：用于阶级、党派、组织机构等专有名词前the United Nations，  the Chinese Communist Party27:报纸、杂志、会议、条约、历史事件、时期、朝代前the Times  the xian Incident  t

23、he Middle Ages the Ming Dynasty/period  the Atlantic Pact大西洋公约顺口溜：特指重提和唯一  方位顺序和乐器  姓氏复数国全名  岛屿海峡和海湾  年代团体和机关海洋党派最高级  沙漠河流与群山  船名建筑和组织  会议条约和报刊  请你记住用定冠四：不用冠词的情况：1：表示一类人或事物的复数名词前Children begin school at the age

24、 of six.We must tell friends from enemies.2 当man 表示人类，或者当man ,woman表示全体时Man cant live without water.Man is stronger than woman.Man has existed for thousands of years.3:在表示家人称谓或称呼前Come in ,boy.Mother is not at home.4：不含普通名词的专有名词前Zhou Lan was performing in her first competition.Russia is the

25、 largest country in the world.The building stands on Linclon Street.China is no longer the China（特指）of the past.5：当抽象名词表示一般概念时Failure is the mother of success.Health is better than wealth.He has no sense of humour.I cant catch the humour (特指)of his talk. 6：当物质名词表示一般概念时：Paper is made from wood.C

26、lothes are made of cloth.比较：We cant live without air.The air in the room is fresh.7：当名词前有指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格时，序数词前有物主代词修饰时：Paul remembers one of his first lessons from this teacher.His heart is beating wildly with fear.A bomb exploded and destroyed his house.8:在表示季节、月份、日期、星期等的名词前In summer/autumn/spring/

27、winter 但是in the spring(特指) of 1949In January/February/March/ , on Sunday/Monday/Wednesday9:在节日、假日等名词前on Christmas Day   on New Years Day  on National Day但是与festival连用，要用theThe Middle-Autumn Festival  the spring Festival  the Dragon Festival  the

28、 Lantern Festival10:在语言名词前一般不加冠词。如：I wrote a letter to my friend in English yesterday evening .11在表示学科的名词前不加冠词。如：I like physics best .12: 在球类运动之前不加冠词。如：The young man almost plays football every day13: 在一日三餐之前，不加冠词。如：I had lunch at school last term .14、许多有关组织机构和交通工具的短语中，不加冠词。如：He s going to

29、 Beijing by plane .15: 在语言名词前一般不加冠词。如：I wrote a letter to my friend in English yesterday evening但是与language连用时要加Chinese the Chinese language16: school , college , bed , prison , hospital这些若不是指具体的东西时不用冠词。如：He lay in bed till night .17:kind /sort /type of +名词，名词不用冠词Those sorts of dogs are really

30、dangerous .The concert attracted all kinds of people.18：在表示独一无二的头衔时名词在句中作表语、同位语、补语或介词的宾语时，以及表示头衔、职位的名词与姓氏连用时：We elected him president of the society.Tom was captain of the ship.Premier Zhu was on a visit to Japan at that time.Professor Jackson is giving us a lecture on environment protection.比较：Mr .

31、smith was head of the company.The head of the company is Mr smith.19:在日夜的各个阶段前At daybreak/sunrise/dawn/noon/dark/night/midnightAt/by/before/after 4 oclock但是in the morning /afternoon/evening20. in+书写工具或颜料时Please write in ink/red/black.但是please write with a pen /pencil.21:and ,after ,by ,from连接对等的名词时D

32、ay and night  day after day   day by day  shoulder to shoulder  arm in arm  face to face   little by littleFrom beginning to end   from time to time   from east to west   from morning till night22:表示程

33、度的形容词最高级做表语时，但是有比较范围的用 theWe are busiest on Sunday.This book is most useful.Of all methods , this is the most effective.She is the younger of the two.23 :turn, go做“变为”“成为”时，后面的名词前不用冠词He was a medical student before he turned writer.He has gone socialist.比较：He became a lawyer when he grew upHe t

34、urned lawyer when he grew up24 as ,though 引导的让步状语从句的倒装句中，名词前不用冠词Child as he is ,he knows a lot about computer.=though he is a child he knows a lot about computer.Professor as he is ,he is very modest. = Though he is a professor ,he is very modest.25,在独立主格结构中，名词+介词+名词的名词前The man climbed in ,swor

35、d in hand.The old man stood there ,pipe in mouth.比较：He sat at the table ,pen in hand.He sat at the table ,a pen in his hand.He sat at the table ,with a pen in his hand.He sat at the table and a pen was in his hand.26:有些不可数名词尽管有形容词修饰也不用冠词What fine weather it is.It is great fun to watch a close match.

36、Here is good news for you.He has made great progress in English.He got useful information about computer.I wish you good luck in the evening.What good advice he gave us on how to learn English.27 :在固定短语中，有时也不用冠词At home at first   at least   at present   at work 

37、60;at most   at home and broad   by means of   catch hold of  catch sight of   catch fire come into being   come into action   come into power   come into use   do justice to 公平地对待，公正地评判 do damage to&

38、#160;  do good to   do wrong to  冤枉某人,对不起某人 do harm to   for instance   have words with   in spite of   in need of In charge of   In search of   in time of   in place of  代替 in advance 

39、  in public   in business  in silence   in chains 上着镣铐,在囚禁中,戴着镣铐 in common   in sight   in danger   in space   in debt   in high/low spirits   in doubt   in favour of   in surprise 

40、;  In groups   in time   in height 在高度、身高上  in modern times   in order   in trouble   in use  在使用着的，在用的in other words   in case   leave word   make friends with   make fun of  

41、; make  room for   make use of   make repairs   on second thought(s) On time   on foot   on show 展出,展览,在展出  on duty   on sale out of breath   out of sight   out of work   out of control

42、   out of doors pay attention to   put . into practice实施，实行 set . on fire = set fire to使燃烧，点燃 starve to death  sentence . to death  stand at attention   send word   shake hands with   take medicine   take pride in 

43、 take care of   take part in   turn . into reality   word came that五：.有无冠词，意义不一样1 at table 在进餐时             at the table 坐在桌旁2. a knife and fork 刀叉        a knife an

44、d a fork 一把刀子和一把叉子3. by hand  手工做的            by the hand 挽着手4. by day 在白天                 by the day  按天计算5. by sea  乘船 

45、0;                by the sea在海滨6. in hospital 住院              in the hospital  在医院7. in front of  在的前面    in the front o

46、f  在的前部8. in secret 秘密地，暗地里     in the secret 知道内情9. in place of 代替              in the place of  在的地方10. in red 身穿            

47、60;     in the red 赤字，亏损11. in case of 万一             in the case of 就来说，至于12. in word 口头上，表面上      in a word 总之13. have words with 与争吵  have a word with 与说句话14. make beds 造床&

48、#160;              make the bed  整理床铺15. keep house 管理家务          keep the house 守在家里，居家不外出16. in sight of 看得见           in the si

49、ght of 从的观点来看17. in charge of 负责            in the charge of 由负责18. take place 发生              take the place 取代19. of age 成年         &

50、#160;        of the age 同龄20. out of question 不成问题     out of the question 根本不可能21. in prison  蹲监           in the prison22: in  bed    睡觉             &