Chapter 6_Obesity Causes and Prevention

1、当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6Chapter 6Obesity Epidemic: Causes and Prevention当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6Vocabulary Preview and ExerciseRead the following words and phrases, relating them to their Chinese equivalents.当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6catastrophic a.wage

2、v.adaptive a.prescriptive a. gastric a.bypass n.morbid a.obese a.悲惨的，灾难的悲惨的，灾难的开展，进行开展，进行适应的，适合的适应的，适合的规定的，惯例的规定的，惯例的胃的胃的旁路旁路病态的病态的过度肥胖的过度肥胖的当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6trump v.silo v. pathophysiologic a.segregate v.caloric a. greed n.veritable a.adiponectin n.超过，胜过超过，胜过引发引发 病理生理的病理生理的分离

3、；实施种族隔离制度分离；实施种族隔离制度热（量）的，卡的热（量）的，卡的贪心，贪婪贪心，贪婪真正的，名符其实的真正的，名符其实的脂联素脂联素当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6resistin n.dampen v.angiotensinogen n.vascular a. constriction n.cortisol n.triglyceride n.clog v.抵抗素抵抗素阻抑阻抑 血管紧张素原血管紧张素原 脉管的，血管的，导管的脉管的，血管的，导管的压缩压缩, , 收缩收缩皮质皮质( (甾甾) )醇，醇， 氢化可的松氢化可的松甘油三酸酯甘油

4、三酸酯妨碍，障碍妨碍，障碍当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6thyroid n.shed v.inequity n.socioeconomics n.lipid n. execute v. havoc n.undernourished a.甲状腺，甲状软骨甲状腺，甲状软骨流出，泻去流出，泻去不公平，不公正不公平，不公正社会经济学社会经济学类脂（化合）物类脂（化合）物实施，执行实施，执行大破坏，浩劫大破坏，浩劫营养不足的营养不足的当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6strategically ad.exer

5、tion n.sedentary a.winch n.casket n.在战略上在战略上费力费力坐着的，（惯于）久坐的坐着的，（惯于）久坐的绞盘绞盘( (美美) )棺材，骨灰盒棺材，骨灰盒当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6 Fill in the blank of the following sentences with a suitable word in the grid, changing its form if necessary. 当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 61. This natura

6、l oil is a good moisturizer, but its best to use products containing olive oil only on arms and legs as they may _ facial pores. 2. The earthquake measuring 7.3 on the Richter scale caused terrible _ in the epicenter. wage morbid trump segregate adaptive dampen clog prescriptive shed execute havoc s

7、edentary exertion obese greed cloghavoc当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 63. The bad news that the sports meeting will be called off due to the looming avian influenza epidemic _ their spirits. 4. This information, which is very valuable, may _ light on the mystery. wage morbid trump segregate

8、adaptive dampen clog prescriptive shed execute havoc sedentary exertion obese greed dampened shed当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 65. Fatty fast-food diets combined with _ lifestyles dominated by televisions and computers could mean kids will die tragically young.6. The North _ war on the Sout

9、h, for the reason that the southern states seceded from the Union and formed the Confederacy. wage morbid trump segregate adaptive dampen clog prescriptive shed execute havoc sedentary exertion obese greed morbid waged当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 67. People with _ jobs generally need to ea

10、t less than those in very active occupations. 8. Our directors make the decisions, but its the managers who have to _ them. wage morbid trump segregate adaptive dampen clog prescriptive shed execute havoc sedentary exertion obese greed sedentary execute当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 69. The

11、decreased capacity or complete inability of an organism, an organ, or a part to function normally is because of excessive stimulation or prolonged _. 10. In between the harvests, a series of technical improvements was made, including: _ sewage from process waste-water. wage morbid trump segregate ad

12、aptive dampen clog prescriptive shed execute havoc sedentary exertion obese greed exertion segregating当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 61. _2. _3. _Asking, Listening andWatchingA. Write down three questions on the topic which you find interesting to explore.当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapt

13、er 6 B. Listen to the passage “Obesity and Social Ties” three times and fill in each blank with the word or sentence from the audio clip.Obesity and Social Ties当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6 When one person gains weight, their close friends often follow. Researchers have just (1)_ evidence

14、 in a study that says obesity appears to (2) _ through social ties. But the findings might also offer hope. If friends help make obesity (3)_, then they might also be influential in losing the fat. The researchers note that (4) _ groups are already an effective tool in dealing with other socially in

15、fluenced problems, like (5) _ .offeredspreadacceptablesupportalcoholism当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6 The findings appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine. The researchers used information (6) _ from 12,000 people. The information was highly (7) _ . There was even contact informati

16、on for close friends of the people in the study. The researchers examined more than (8) _ social ties. They found that a persons chances of becoming (9) _ overweight increased by 57 percent if a friend had becomecollecteddetailed40,000 severely当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6obese. A sister

17、or brother of a person who became obese had a 40 percent increased chance of becoming obese. The (10) _ for a wife or husband was a little less than that. Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School was a lead investigator in the study. He says (11) _. The researchers also considered the effect of

18、riskthere is a direct causal relationship between a person getting fat and being followed in weight gain by a friend当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6where people lived in relation to each other. James Fowler of the University of California, San Diego, was the other lead investigator. He says

19、(12) _ _. He says the study demonstrates the need to consider that a major part of peoples health is tied to their social connections. Both investigators say (13) _ _. a friend who lives a few hundred kilometers away has as much influence as one in the same neighborhood their research shows that obe

20、sity is not just a private medical issue, but a public health problem当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6C. Listen to the passage “Move More, Eat Better ” only once and choose the best answer to each question. Move More, Eat Better当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 61. How many Americans are

21、 overweight according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention? A. 34 million Americans. B. 13 percent of the population. C. 134 millions Americans. D. 20 percent of the population.当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 62. The program Sisters Together: Move More, Eat Better. targets _. A. o

22、verweight adolescent girls under age 16 B. African American women age 20 or greater C. women with diabetes and kidney diseases D. Hispanic American women with heart diseases当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 63. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a consequence associated with being overw

23、eight? A. Coronary heart disease. B. High cholesterol. C. Gall bladder disease. D. Respiratory complications.当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 64. The program consists of the following brochures EXCEPT _. A. “Being more physically active” B. Celebrate the Beauty of Youth C. “Fit and Fabulous as

24、 You Mature” D. Energize Yourself and Your Family当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6 Key 1. C 2. B 3. D. 4. A 当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6D. Watch a video clip “Japans Fat Problem ” twice and decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F). Japans Fat Proble

25、m当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6_ 1. The westernized lifestyle contributes to the Japanese peoples increase in body weight_ 2. The Japanese government ordered a ban on fatty foods._ 3. Japanese government officials know that most of Japanese are willing to exercise to keep weight._ 4. One c

26、ompany gives a gift certificate to its employees who walk a million steps a month.TF F T当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6_ 5. Another company has experts check its employees calorie charts._ 6. A maintenance manager for a Japanese airline reduced his weight and high cholesterol through diet a

27、nd exercise._ 7. An ancient tradition in Japan is that fat is not good and slimness is beautiful. TT F 当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6 Read and discuss “The Real Story Behind Obesity ”, focusing on the following questions: The Real Story Behind Obesity当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter

28、61. What does the author think of the solutions being offered in the war on obesity in America?2. How, according to the author, should we think about obesity?3. What is the significance of the discovery of the hormone leptin?4. Why is the fat cell said to be a veritable endocrine factory?5. How is o

29、besity defined?当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 66. Which groups of people are more at risk for obesity?7. What medical conditions are obese individuals more likely to have? 8. Why should we target the molecule, the cell and the population more than the individual to address obesity properly?9

30、. What do increased prosperity and technological advances mean on a population level?10. What is the real story behind obesity? 当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6 Reading ComprehensionComplete each statement or give a short answer to each question in no more than six words according to the art

31、icle.当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 61. According to the author, the science of obesity is _.2. The discovery of _ provided researchers and social scientists with a fresh look at obesity. 3. A new way of thinking about obesity is that the amount we eat is controlled in part by _ _. complex a

32、nd in its infancythe hormone leptin how much fat we have当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 64. The fat cell is a veritable endocrine factory in which _. 5. Like other system of the body, fat cells continually absorb or release substances in response to _.6. Fat cells seem to be better adapted to

33、 _ _. much activity is conducted the bodys energy needspreserving calories than shedding them当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 67. Those with a body mass index of _ are defined as being obese.8. Being obese doesnt mean youre a bad person, but it actually contributes to _.9. Fat is an active org

34、an worthy of a significant scientific effort to uncover _ _.10. The real story behind obesity is _ _ we should find answers to. greater than 30 bad health its complex chemical and biological mysteries a series of questions当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6 Read the following passage and choose

35、 the best answer to each comprehension question.Is Obesity A Disease? 当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 61. Which of the following is not mentioned as a part involved in the debate over whether obesity is a disease? A. obese Americans B. advocacy groups C. federal agencies D. insurance companie

36、s当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 62. Proponents advocate that obesity should be classified as a disease because _. A. scientific understanding has always proved that obesity is a discrete medical condition. B. obesity is a disease which affects health independently and more profoundly than al

37、coholism does. C. official classification of obesity as a disease would help alcoholics get treatment. D. there are economic and regulatory hurdles to prevention and treatment of obesity.当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 63. Opponents contend that classifying obesity as an ailment would _. A. c

38、ontribute to an increase in high cholesterol or cigarette smoking B. divert scarce medical resources and distract public health efforts C. predispose more Americans to lung cancer or heart disease D. allow Americans to overlook the necessary medication for obesity当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapt

39、er 64. What stance do the insurance companies take towards official classification of obesity a disease? A. supportive B. considerate C. resisting D. ambiguous 当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 65. In America obesity has long been regarded as all of the following except _. A. a psychological pr

40、oblem B. a personal moral failing C. a behavioral problem D. a major public health crisis当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 66. Many medical authorities conclude that obesity is a disease because _. A. it increases risks for many diseases B. theres a disregulation of eating C. there is abnormal

41、blood sugar D. it is not distinct from diabetes当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 67. Other medical authorities disagree with classification of obesity as a disease mainly because _. A. high cholesterol is not considered a disease B. obesity is mainly caused by a sedentary lifestyle C. an obese

42、individual can be healthy if he is active D. smoking is also a risk factor for many health problems当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 68. The declaration of obesity as a disease by the IRS in 2002 _. A. was not made of its free will B. would not be beneficial to doctors C. prevented obesity from

43、 worsening D. saved a lot of money for patients当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 69. The FDAs careful review may lead to _. A. the growing recognition of obesity as a health crisis B. a revision of the guidelines for testing diet drugs C. the most effective approach for weight-loss therapies D.

44、 an up-to-date regulatory process for treatments当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 610. Which of the following statements does not reflect the advocates view? A. Obesity is not a personal failing nor a failure of willpower. B. Like heart disease, obesity is also a medical condition. C. People sh

45、ould be encouraged to seek help for obesity. D. There is no doubt that obesity is whatever you believe.当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6 Key 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. D当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6 Choose the best answer to complete the passage.Treatments for

46、 Obesity当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6 Obesity can become a chronic (慢性的) lifelong condition caused by overeating, physical inactivity, and even genetic makeup (组成). No matter what the cause, however, obesity can be prevented or managed with a _1_ of diet, exercise, behavior modification,

47、and in severe cases, weight-loss medications and surgery. The most common and _2_ treatment for obesity utilizes a nutritionally balanced, low calorie diet. 1. A. condition B. combination C. connection D. cooperation2. A. progressive B. aggressive C. successive D. conservative当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II

48、关注健康关注健康Chapter 6Most health-care professionals and commercial weight-loss programs recommend diets _3_ of 1,200 to 1,500 calories per day, usually in the following proportions: 60 percent carbohydrate, 30 percent fat, and 10 percent protein.Caloric restriction alone will not produce long-term weigh

49、t loss. _4_ the data from studies on the effect of exercise for short-term3. A. consisting B. consisted C. consist D. being consisted4. A. When B. Since C. While D. Because 当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6weight loss are contradictory, research _5_ indicates that regular exercise is the sing

50、le best predictor for achieving long-term weight control. Regular exercise will also improve some of the medical conditions _6_ with obesity, including elevated blood cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. A renewed scientific and commercial interest in weight-loss5. A. clearly B. mostly

51、C. briefly D. accurately6. A. related B. associated C. filled D. composed当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6medications was prompted by the _7_ by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the appetite suppressant (抑制性的) dexfenfluramine (右芬氟拉明) in 1996. Dexfenfluramine was the first weight-loss

52、 medication approved in the United States in over 20 years and the first ever approved for _8_ weight loss. 7. A. intervention B. agreement C. approval D. proposal 8. A. regaining B. retaining C. remaining D. maintaining当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6 Over a six-month period, weight-loss me

53、dications may _9_ in a 10-percent body weight reduction. Weight loss slows or stops after six months, and discontinuing medication usually causes weight regain. Many experts recommend that medications for weight control _10_ used continuously, like medications for diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

54、 9. A. result B. repeat C. reduce D. regulate10. A. are B. must be C. have to be D. be当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6Unfortunately, few studies have examined the _11_ of long-term use of weight-control medications.Surgery may be a weight-loss option for patients who are severely obese and s

55、uffer from serious medical conditions _12_ weight. There are two accepted surgical procedures for reducing body weight: gastroplasty (胃形成术) and gastric bypass (胃旁路术). _13_ these two procedures use different surgical11. A. prospect B. prognosis C. consequence D. competence12. A. thanks to B. due to C

56、. contributing to D. attributing to13. A. Although B. Unless C. Whatever D. When当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6methods, they both reduce the stomach to a pouch (小袋) that is smaller than a chickens egg, drastically _14_ the amount of food that can be consumed at one time. Surgery is not with

57、out risk and should be performed by skilled surgeons who also provide patients _15_ a comprehensive program for long-term weight control.14. A. excluding B. removing C. expanding D. limiting15. A. about B. by C. with D. for当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6 Key 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7.

58、 C 8. D 9. A 10. D11. C 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 61. How is obesity defined? 2. What risk factors are associated with obesity? Are there any gender differences in complications? 3. What are treatments for obesity? 4. Prevention is better than cure. What is your a

59、dvice on obesity prevention? 5. Do you think obesity should be classified as a disease? Why or why not? Further Topics for Discussion and Oral Presentation 当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6V. Language PracticeA. Word-building Study the Prefixes, Suffixes and Roots in the following grid, and t

60、hen provide the corresponding word based on word-building blocks and the given definition.当代医学当代医学英语综合教程英语综合教程 II关注健康关注健康Chapter 6Prefixes tri-: three (三三)Suffixes -ar: of, relating to, or resembling (的，的，与与有关的或相似的有关的或相似的) -gen: producer (产生者产生者) -ic: of, relating to, or characterized by (的，的，与与有关的，