测控专业英语Unit 4

1、Unit 4 测控技术与仪器专业英语测控技术与仪器专业英语CalibrationCalibrationChapter 1 Introduction to Measurement-criterion 标准、准则-established standard 现有标准-multiple standard 多重标准-feasible 可行的-specified limit 制定的限度-calibrate 校准-performance check 性能检查-progressive drift 逐渐地漂移-tolerance limit 随机误差Words and ExpressionsQ1- What i

2、s calibration, and why do people perform it at specified intervals?Q2- What are the standards, and what requirement must they satisfy? Q3- What should the separate calibration groups do according to their tasks and office authorities? Questions before reading办公权限办公权限校准校准Q4- What are calibration proc

3、edures and instrument performance check, and how are they implemented?Questions before reading校准程序校准程序Unit 4 Calibration- Calibration refers to the comparison of a measurement instrument to a standard or other instrument of known accuracy in order to bring the instrument into substantial agreement w

4、ith an established standard.- 校准校准是指为了使仪器与是指为了使仪器与已有标准完全一致已有标准完全一致（匹配）而将一个测量仪器与一个标准的或其他（匹配）而将一个测量仪器与一个标准的或其他已知准确度的仪器相比较的过程。已知准确度的仪器相比较的过程。1.1Unit 4 Calibration- The established standard is normally of at least four times greater accuracy than the instrument being calibrated or the average of multipl

5、e standards if the four-times criterion is not feasible- 已有标准通常至少四倍于待校准仪器的准确度，或者已有标准通常至少四倍于待校准仪器的准确度，或者当四倍当四倍标准标准不不可行可行时，则采用时，则采用多重标准多重标准平均方式。平均方式。- To say that an instrument is calibrated means that it indicates measurements within specified limits of error for that instrument- 也就是说，仪器校准也就是说，仪器校准表明

6、了表明了其测量误差的其测量误差的确定限度确定限度。1.31.5Unit 4 Calibration-The accuracy of an instrument is dependent on three major contributing factors: -The time since it was last calibrated;-The difference between the calibration temperature and the operating temperature;-The uncertainty of the standard used for calibra

7、tion-仪器的准确度取决于三个主要因素：仪器的准确度取决于三个主要因素： 距离上次校准的距离上次校准的时间；时间； 校准和使用时的温差；校准和使用时的温差； 用于标定的标准的用于标定的标准的不确不确定度。定度。1.9Unit 4 Calibration- In most organizations，calibration is the responsibility of a separate group. That group is responsible for maintaining working standards, keeping records of instruments fo

8、r periodic calibration and certification, and being knowledgeable of the latest calibration procedures- 在大多数组织中，校准由一个独立（或单独的）小组在大多数组织中，校准由一个独立（或单独的）小组负责。这个小组负责负责。这个小组负责维护现行标准维护现行标准，对仪器的，对仪器的周期性校准周期性校准和检定进行记录，并清楚了解最近一次校准的过程。和检定进行记录，并清楚了解最近一次校准的过程。2.1Unit 4 Calibration- The standards laboratory should

9、 have environmental controls to assure consistency because environmental factors can affect the accuracy of certain standards and the performance of instruments. - 由于环境因素能影戏那个某些标准的准确度和仪器的由于环境因素能影戏那个某些标准的准确度和仪器的性能性能，所以，标准实验室应具备，所以，标准实验室应具备环境控制（装置）环境控制（装置）保证（校保证（校准和使用的）准和使用的）一致性一致性。- Environmental fac

10、tors that are controlled usually include temperature, humidity, vibration, dust, radio-frequency interference, grounding, and line voltage regulation-需要控制的环境因素通常包括温度、需要控制的环境因素通常包括温度、湿度湿度、振动振动、粉尘、粉尘、无线频率干扰无线频率干扰、接地接地和线电压调节。和线电压调节。2.52.8Unit 4 Calibration- The calibration procedure and instrument perf

11、ormance checks are generally specified by the instrument manufacturer in the manuals that are provided with the instrument- 校准过程和仪器性能检查通常由仪器校准过程和仪器性能检查通常由仪器厂商厂商在随仪器提在随仪器提供的供的手册手册中指定或设置。中指定或设置。- Frequent unnecessary adjustments may also interfere with the records for an instrument and accelerate prog

12、ressive drift in values.-频繁不必要调整可能会影响仪器的记录，并加速数值的频繁不必要调整可能会影响仪器的记录，并加速数值的逐逐渐地漂移。渐地漂移。3.13.6Unit 4 Calibration- An exception to this procedure can be made if the parameter is very near the tolerance limit and there is reason to believe it may be out of tolerance before the next calibration.- 如果参数非常接近

13、如果参数非常接近公差限公差限，并且有理由相信其可能，并且有理由相信其可能在下次校准前超差，则要例外。在下次校准前超差，则要例外。- The decision to adjust instruments that are close to the specified limits depends on the type of instrument and on the operating practice and philosophy of the laboratory doing the recalibration.- 对于仪器是否因接近设定极限而需调整的决策，取对于仪器是否因接近设定极限而需

14、调整的决策，取决于仪器的类型和校准实验室的实际操作情况和实验室体决于仪器的类型和校准实验室的实际操作情况和实验室体系架构。系架构。3.73.9Unit 5 测控技术与仪器专业英语测控技术与仪器专业英语Operating CharacteristicOperating CharacteristicChapter 1 Introduction to Measurement徐小玲徐小玲-range 范围-span 跨度-resolution 分辨率-dead band 死区-threshold 阈值-sensitivity 灵敏度-overload 过载-recovery time 回复时间-sat

15、uration effect 饱和效应Words and ExpressionsQ1-What are the meanings of range, span, and what are the differences between them? Q2-How are resolution, dead-band and sensitivity related to an increase of measurement? Q3-What are the reliability, over-range and drift? Q4-What does environment of an experi

16、ment include? Questions before readingMain content Measurement1 1Operation2 2Environmental Effects3 31 Measurement- A measuring instrument can measure any value of a variable within its range of measurement. The range is defined by the lower range limit and the upper range limit-一个测量仪器能够测量在其测量一个测量仪器

17、能够测量在其测量范围范围内的任意变量值。内的任意变量值。范围是由范围的下限和范围的上限共同定义的。范围是由范围的下限和范围的上限共同定义的。- The span is the difference between the upper range limit and the lower range limit Span=upper range limit-lower range limit-跨度跨度是上下限之间的差：跨度是上下限之间的差：跨度=范围上限范围上限-范围下限范围下限 1.11.41 Measurement- When the measured variable is continuo

18、usly varied over the range, some measuring instruments change their output in discrete steps rather than in a continuous manner. The resolution of this type of measuring instrument is a single step of the output. - 当被测量在测量范围内连续变化时，某些测量仪器以当被测量在测量范围内连续变化时，某些测量仪器以离散的阶跃形式改变其输出，而非连续方式。这类测量仪离散的阶跃形式改变其输出，而

19、非连续方式。这类测量仪器的分辨率即是输出的一次阶跃。器的分辨率即是输出的一次阶跃。2.21 Measurement- The dead band of a measuring instrument is the smallest change in the measured variable that will result in a measurable change in the output. - 测量仪器的测量仪器的死区死区是对应于输出可测变化的被测量最小是对应于输出可测变化的被测量最小变化值。变化值。- Obviously, a measuring instrument cannot

20、 measure changes in the measured variable that are smaller than its dead bandThreshold is another name for dead band - 很明显，测量仪器无法测量被测量小于其死区的变化。很明显，测量仪器无法测量被测量小于其死区的变化。阈值阈值是死区的另一个名称。是死区的另一个名称。3.13.21 Measurement- The sensitivity of a measuring instrument is the ratio of the change in output divided b

21、y the change in the input that caused the change in output. - 测量仪器的灵敏度即是输出变化量与输入变化量的比测量仪器的灵敏度即是输出变化量与输入变化量的比值。值。4.1Main content Measurement1 1Operation2 2Environmental Effects3 32 Operation- The reliability of a measuring instrument is the probability that it will do its job for a specified period of time under a specified set of conditions- 测量仪器的可靠性是它在一些列特定条件下在一段特测量仪器的可靠性是它在一些列特定条件下在一段特定时间内完成其工作的可能性。定时间内完成其工作的可能性。- Overrange is any excess in the value of the measured vari