大学英语词汇学L9-minor

1、English LexicologyLecture Eight! Toms business seems in high cotton. Its unbelievable that everything he touches turn into gold.! She is quite above herself when she knew that she was the only person who got promoted in the company.! They may be good, but I think they wont bell the cat at the crucia

2、l moment.!You have to make a case for your proposal in order to get them approved.Chapter IV Word-formation (II)!Classification of minor processes!acronym首字母拼音法!clipping剪切法!blending拼缀法!backformation逆生法!words from proper names!reduplication!neoclassical formationShortening or Abbreviation! 1. initial

3、ism（首字母连写法）! 2. acronym（首字母拼音法）! 3. clipping（剪切法）Initialism! what is called initialism?! A type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase.! Instances: WhoCIAIOCEECWorld health OrganizationCentral Intelligence AgencyInternational Olympic Comm

4、itteeEuropean Economic Community! More to come:very important person! VIP ! PK! BBC ! NPC! ID! CS! ABC! HRM player killerBritish Broadcasting CorporationNational Peoples CongressIdentification CardCounter Strike! E-mail H-bomb G-man D-notice American Broadcasting CompanyHuman Resource Management Acr

5、onym! what is called acronym?! Words formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as words. ! Difference between initials and acronyms ! Whether it is pronounced as a word or sequences of letters is the criterion of differing initials from acronyms.e.g. NATO: the North Atlantic Treaty Org

6、anization!Instances: ASEAN OPEC TOEFL UNESCO IELTS GRE radarOPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesTOEFL: Test of English as a foreign languageUNESCO: the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganizationIELTS : International English Language Testing System ASEAN: Associat

7、ion of South-east Asia NationsGRE: Graduate Record Examination Clipping ! what is called clipping?! The deletion of one or more syllables from a word (usul. a noun), which is also available in in its full form. ! Instances: plane gym pop taxi ad memo bus fridge flu biz bike hankyplane: = airplanegym

8、: = gymnasticspop: = popular music, etc.taxi: = taxicabad: = advertisementmemo: = memorandumbus: = omnibusfridge: = refrigeratorflu: = influenzabiz: = businessbike: = bicyclehanky: = handkerchiefnighty, tummy, comfy! back clippingse.g. ad, amp, auto, champ, dorm, homo, vet, etc.! front clippingse.g.

9、 copter, phone, quake, chute, bus, etc.! front and back clippingse.g. flu, fridge, tec, etc.! phrase clippingse.g. narc/nark= one who investigates narcotics violations! Four main types of clippings! to complete the following shortening words from the news headlines! US auto workers end strike! Rural

10、-credit co-ops to get more autonomy! Palestinian demos mark massacres! US: first use of nuke weapons not unlawful! Iran asks for info on stolen gemsautomobileautomobilecooperativescooperativesdemonstrationsdemonstrationsnuclearnuclearinformationinformation! to identify the following modern shortenin

11、g! VIP ! MC! DJ! GP! dinky! nilk ! p.s.! c/o very important person very important person 贵宾贵宾master of ceremony master of ceremony 司仪司仪disc jockey disc jockey 电台唱片音乐节目主持人电台唱片音乐节目主持人general purpose vehicle general purpose vehicle 吉普车吉普车dual income, no kids + y dual income, no kids + y 无子女的双职工夫妻无子女的双职

12、工夫妻no income, lots of kids no income, lots of kids 无收入多子女夫妻无收入多子女夫妻postscript postscript （信末）附言（信末）附言care of care of 烦烦转交转交jeepjeepdeejaydeejayemceeemceeveepveep! to complete the following shortening & translate into Chinese! ad lib.: a.m.:! cf.: b.i.d.:! e.g.: etc.:! et al.: id.:! l.c.: p.m.:!

13、sec.: q.v.:! Rx.: vs.:ad libitum 即兴即兴ante meridiem 上午上午confer 参看参看exempli gratia 例如例如et alii 以及其他等以及其他等loco citato 在上述引文中在上述引文中secundum 根据根据recipe 药方药方bis in die bis in die 一日两次一日两次et cetera 等等等等idem 同上同上post meridiem post meridiem 下午下午quod vide 见该页见该页versus 与与相对相对Blending! a process of word-formati

14、on in which a new word is formed by combining parts of two words.! what is called blending?! The result of such a process is called a blend or telescopic word or portmanteau word.! Instances: brunch programmatic medicare smog! Classification of blendings the first part + the last parte.g. binary + d

15、igit bit (n.) boat + hotel botel smoke + haze smaze the first part + the first parte.g. situation + comedy sitcom communication + satellite comsat the first part + the whole parte.g. medical + care medicare documentary + drama docudrama the whole part + the last parte.g. air+ hotel airtel fact + fic

16、tion factionsci-fihi-fiworkaholicstagflationUnicomsitcommoteldawkJsciencefiction Jhighfidelity Jworkalcoholic Jstagnationinflation JUnited CommunicationsJsituationcomedyJmotorhotelJdovehawkBack-formation!a process of word-formation by which a word is created by the deletion of a supposed suffix. It

17、is also known as a reverse derivation.! what is called back-formation?!Instances: He decided to bach it all his life. Who authed this ? I prefer a polygamist who doesnt polyg to a monogamist who doesnt monog. !这种名词往往以-er（-or，ar-），-ion，-ing结尾。 e.g. stoker（火夫；司炉）stoke（给添燃料）；peddler或 pedlar（小贩） peddle（

18、叫卖）；swindler（诈骗犯）swindle（诈骗）；burglar（夜盗；窃贼）burgle（夜间闯入；盗窃）；beggar（乞丐）beg（乞讨）；orator（演说者）orate（演说） ! three sources for back-formation! 形容词 e.g. peevish（易怒的；暴躁的）peeve（气恼；使气恼），gloomy（阴暗的；忧闷的）gloom（变阴暗；使阴暗；变郁闷；使郁闷）， frivolous（轻浮的）frivol（行动轻浮），cosy（舒适的）cose或coze（使感到舒适惬意；自己感到舒适惬意），lazy（懒惰）laze（偷懒），greedy（贪婪的）greed（贪婪），gruesome（可怕的）grue（因害怕发抖） !以副词后缀-ling结尾的词e.g. sidling（侧面；斜看）sidle（侧身而行），darkling（暗）darkle（变阴暗），grovelli