计算机英文翻译文献ASPNET与改进ADONET性能概述

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上计算机英文翻译学 院 湖州师范学院 专 业 计算机科学与技术 班 级 学 号 姓 名 指导教师 guhaibo128 职称 讲师2015年 06月 04日<文献翻译一：原文>ASP.NET Overview Professional ASP.NET Web ServicesM . America： Wrox Press.2001,4-20.ASP.NET is a unified Web development model that includes the scrvices necessary for you to build enterprise-cl

2、ass Web applications with a minimum of coding . ASP.NET is part of the . NET Framework , and when coding ASP.NET applications you have access to classes in the . NET Framework . You can code your applicalions in any Ianguage compatible with Ihe common Ianguage runtime ( CLR ) , including Microsoft V

3、isual Basic , C # , JScripl . NET , andJ # . These Ianguages enable you to develop ASP. NET applications that benefit from the common Ianguage runtime , type safely , inheritance , and so on . ASP.NET Includcs : l A page and controls framework l The ASP.NET compiler l Security infrastructure l State

4、-management facilities l Application connguration l Health monitoring and performance features l Debugging support l An XML Web services framework l Extensiblc hosting environment and application life cycle management l An extensible designer environment The ASP.NET page and controls framework is a

5、Programming fremework that runs on a Web server to dynamically produce and render , ASP.NET Web pages . ASP.NET Web pages can be requested form any browser or client device , and ASP.NET renders markup ( such as HTML ) to the requesting browser , As a rule , you can use the same page for multiple br

6、owsers , because ASP.NET renders the appropriate markup for the browser making the request . However , you can design your ASP.NET Web page to target a specific browscr , such as Microsoft Internct Explorcr 6 , and take advantage of the features of that browser . ASP.NET supports mobile controls for

7、 Web-enabled devices such as cellullar phones , handheld conlputers , and personal digital assistants ( PDAs ) . ASP.NET Web pages are completely object-oriented . Within ASP.NET Web pages you can work with HTML elements using properties , methods , and events . The ASP.NET page framework removes th

8、e implementation details of the separation of client and server inherent in Web -bascd applications by presenting a unified model for responding to client events in code that runs at the server . The framcwork also。automatically maintains the state of apage and the controls on that Page during the p

9、age processing life cycle . The ASP.NET page and controls famework also enables you to encapsulate common Ul functionality in easy-to-use , reusable controls . Controls are written once , can be used in many pages , and are integrated into the ASP.NET Web page that they are placcd in during renderin

10、g . The ASP.NET page and controls framework also provides features to control the overall look and feel of your Web site via themes and skins . You can define themes and skins and then apply them at a page level or at a control level . In addition to themes , you can define master pages that you use

11、 to createa consistent layout for the pages in your application . A single master page defines the layout and standard behavior that you want for all the pagcs ( or a group of pages ) in your application . You can then create individual content pages that contain the page-specific content you want t

12、o display . When users request the content pages . they merge with the master page to Produce output that combines the layout of the master page with the content from the content page . All ASP.NET code is compilce , which enables strong typing , performance optimizations , and early binding . among

13、 other benefits . once the code has been compiled , the common language runtime further compiles ASP.NET code to native code , Providing improved perfbrmance . ASP.NET includes a compiler that will compile all your application components including pages and controls into an assembly that the ASP.NET

14、 hosting environment can then use to service user requests , In addition to the security features of . NET , ASP.NET provides an advanced security infrastructure for authenticating and authorizing user access as well as pertforming other security-related tasks .You can authenticate users using Windo

15、ws authentication supplied by IIS . or you can manage authentication using your own user database using ASP.NET forms authentication and ASP.NET membership . Additionally , you can manage the authorization to the capabilities and information of your Web application using Windows groups or your own c

16、ustom role database using ASP.NET roles . You can easily removc . add to , or replace these schemcs depending upon the needs of your application . ASP.NET always runs with a particular Windows identity so you can secure your application using Windows capabilities such as NTFS Access Control Lists (

17、ACLs ) , dalabase permissions , and so on , For more information on the identity of ASP.NET , ASP.NET provides intrinsic state management , functionality that enables you to store information between page requests , such as customer information or the colltents of a shopping cart . You can save and

18、manage application-specific , session-specific , page-specific , user-specific , and developer-defined information . This information can be independent of any controls on the page . ASP.NET offers distributed state facilities ,which enable you to manage state information across multiple instances o

19、f the same application on one computer or on several computers . ASP.NET applications use a configuration system that enables you to define configuration settings for your Web server , for a Web site , or for individual applications . You can make configuration settings at the time your ASP.NET appl

20、ications are deployed and can add or revise configuration settings al any time with minimal impact on operational Web applications and servers . ASP.NET configuration settings are stored in XML-based fies . Because these XML files are ASCII text files , it is simple to make configuration changes to

21、your Web applications . You can extend the configuration scheme to suit your requirements . ASP.NET includes features that enable you to monitor health and perfonnance of your ASP.NET application . ASP.NET health monitoring enables reporting of key events thal provide information about the health of

22、 an application and about error conditions , These events show a combination of diagnostics and monitoring characteristics and offer a high degree of flexibility in terms of what is logged and how it is logged . ASP.NET supprts two groups of perfonnance counters accessible to your applications : The

23、 ASP.NET system performance counter group The ASP.NET application perfonnance counter group ASP.NET takes advantage of the run-time debugging infrastructure to provide cross-language and cross-computer debugging support . You can debug both managed and unmanagcd objects , as well as all languages su

24、pported by the common language runtime and script languages .<文献翻译一：译文>ASP.NET 概述ASP.NET是一个统一的web 开发模型，它包括您使用尽可能少的代码生成企业级Web 应用程序所必需的各种服务。ASP.NET 作为NET Framework 的一部分提供。当您编写ASP.NET 应用程序的代码时，可以访问NET Frajnewoltk 中的类。您可以使用与公共语言运行库（CLR ）兼容的任何语言来编写应用程序的代码，这些语言包括Microsoft visual Basic 、C#、JScript .

25、NET 和J。使用这些语言，可以开发利用公共语言运行库、类型安全、继承等方面的优点的ASP . NFT 应用程序。ASP.NET 包括：l 页和控件枢架l ASP.NET 编译器l 安全基础结构l 状态管理功能l 应用程序配置l 运行状况监视和性能功能l 调试支持l XML Web services 框架l 可扩展的宿主环境和应用程序生命周期管理l 可扩展的设计器环境ASP.NET 页和控件枢架是一种编程框架，它在Web 服务器上运行，可以动态地生成和呈现ASP.NET 网页。可以从任何浏览器或客户端设备请求ASP.NET网页，ASP.NET 会向请求浏览器呈现标记（例如HTML ）。通常，您

26、可以对多个浏览器使用相同的页，因为ASP.NET会为发出请求的浏览器呈现适当的标记。但是，您可以针对诸如Microsoft Internet Exlplorer 6 的特定浏览器设计ASP.NET 网页，并利用该浏览器的功能。ASP.NET 支持基于Web 的设备（如移动电话、手持型计算机和个人数字助理（PDA) ）的移动控件。 ASP.NET 网页是完全面对对象的。在ASP.NET 网页中，可以使用属性、方法和事件来处理HTML 元素ASP.NET 页框架为响应在服务器上运行的代码中的客户端事件提供统一的模型，从而使您不必考虑基于Web 的应用程序中固有的客户端和服务器隔离的实现细节。该框架

27、还会在页处理生命周期中自动维护页及该页上控件的状态。 使用ASP.NET 页和控件框架还可以将常用的UI 功能封装成易于使用且可重用的控件。控件只需编写一次，即可用于许多页并集成到ASP.NET 网页中。这些控件在呈现期间放入ASP.NET 网页中。 ASP.NET 页和控件框架还提供各种功能，以便可以通过主题和外观来控制网站的整体外观和感觉。可以先定义主题和外观，然后在页面级或控件级应用这些主题和外观。 除了主题外，还可以定义母版页，以使应用程序中的页具有一致的布局。一个母版页可以定义您希望应用程序中的所有页（或一组页）所具有的布局和标准行为。然后可以创建包含要显示的页特定内容的各个内容页。

28、当用户请求内容页时，这些内容页与母版页合并，产生将母版页的布局与内容页中的内容组合在一起的输出 所有ASP.KET 代码都经过了编译，可提供强类型、性能优化和早期绑定以及其他优点。代码一经编译，公共语言运行库会进一步将ASP.NET 编译为本机代码，从而提供增强的性能。 ASP.NET 包括一个编译器，该编译器将包括页和控件在内的所有应用程序组件编译成一个程序集，之后ASP.NET 宿主环境可以使用该程序集来处理用户请求。 除了. NET 的安全功能外，ASP.NET 还提供了高级的安全基础结构，以便对用户进行身份验证和授权，并执行其他与安全相关的功能。您可以使用由IIS 提供的Windows

29、 身份验证对用户进行身份验证，也可以通过您白己的用户数据使用ASP.NET Forms身份验证和ASP.NET成员资格来管理身份验证。此外，可以使用Windows 组或您自己的自定义角色数据库（使用ASPNET 角色）来管理Web 应用程序的功能和信息方面的授权。您可以根据应用程序的需要方便地移除、添加或并换这些方案。 ASP.NET 始终使用特定的Windows 标识运行，因此您可以通过使用w indows 功能（例如NTFS 访问控制列表（ACL ）、数据库权限等等）来保护应川、用程序的安全。 ASP. NET 提供了内部状态管理功能，它使您能够存储页请求期间的信息，例如客户信息或购物车的

30、内容。您可以保存和管理应用程序特定、会话特定、页特定、用户特定和开发人员定义的信息。此信息可以独立于页上的任何控件。ASP.NET 提供了分布式状态功能，使您能够管理一台计算机或数台计算机上同一应用程序的多个实例的状态信息。 通过ASP.NET 应用程序使用的配置系统，可以定义Web 服务器、网站或单个应用程序的配置设置。您可以在部署ASP.NET 应用程序时定义配置设置，并且可以随时添加或修订配置设置，且对运行的Web 应用程序和服务器具有最小的影响。ASP.NET 配置设置存储在基于XML 的文件中。由于这些XML 文件是ASCII 文本文件，因此对Web 应用程序进行配置更改比较简单。您

31、可以扩展配置方案，使其符合自己的要求。 ASP.NET 包括可监视ASP.NET 应用程序的运行状况和性能的功能。使用ASP . NFT 运行状况监视可以报告关键事件，这些关键事件提供有关应用程序的运行状况和错误情况的信息。这些事件显示诊断和监视特征的组合，并在记录哪些事件以及如何记录事件等方面提供了高度的灵活性。ASP.NET 支持两组可供应用程序访问的性能计数器： ASP.NET 系统性能计数器组 ASP.NET 应程序性能计数器组ASP.NET 利用运行库调试基础结构来提供跨语言和跨计算机调试支持。可以调试托管和非托管对象，以及公共语言运行库和脚本语言支持的所有语言。<文献翻译二：

32、原文>Improving ADO . NET Performance J.D. Meier, Improving .NET Application Performance and ScalabilityM. America：Microsoft Corporation2004,18-32.Summary：This chapter provides proven strategles to help you design and develop scalable data access solutions . Topics covered include different techniqu

33、es to pass data across application layrs , managing the database connection pool, optimizing stored procedure calls , reducing dataset serialization cost , techniques for paging through large result sets , managing transactions , handling BLOBS , and much more .ObjectivesOptmize your data access des

34、ign . Choose between Datascts and Data Rcaders . Run efficient database commands . Pass data between layers efficiently Perform efficient transactions . Optimize connection management . Evaluate the cost of paging through records . Evaluate critera for analyzing data access performance . Apply Perfo

35、rmance considerations to binary large object ( BLOB ) manipulatinn . Overview Well-designed data access code and data processing commands are essential elements for application performance and scalability，Typically the database is a focal point for application load because the majority of applicatio

36、n requests require data that comes from a database. This cbapter provides proven strategies for designing and implementing data access code for performance and scalability How to Use Thls Chapter Use this chapter to improve the implementation of your data access code for performance and scalability.

37、 To get the most out of this chapter , consider the following : Jump to topics or read beginning to end . The main headings in this cbapter help you to quickly identify and then locate the topic that interests you . Alternatively , you can read the chapter beginning to end to gain a thorough appreci

38、ation of the issues that affect ADO.NET perfrmance . Use te chhecklist . Use " Cbecklist : ADO.NET Performance " in the " Cbecklist " section of this guide to quickly view and evahiate the guideline presented in this chapter. Use the " Architecture" section of this chap

39、ter to understand how ADO.NET worksBy understanding the architecture , you can make better design and implementation choices . Understand core ADO.NET components，such as data provider objects and the Dataset object . Use the " Design Considerations" section of this chapter to understand th

40、e high-level decisions that will affect implemcntation choices for ADO. NET Code. Measure your application performance . learn about the key metrics that you can use to measure application performance You have to measure application performance so that you can identify and resolve performance issues

41、 . Test your application pcrformancc .Testing .NET Application Performanceto learn how to apply performance testing to your application . You have to apply a coherent testing process and analyze the resuhs .Tune your appUcation Pcrformaucc. Tuning .NET Application Performanceto learn how to resolve

42、performance issues that you identify through the use of tuning metrics . Tune SQL Server.Reed Chapter 14 , " lmproving SQL Server Performance to ensure that your Microsoft® SQL server database is appropriately configured.ArchitectureADO.NET relies on data providers to provide access to the

43、 underlying data source . Each data provider exposes a set of objects that you use to manage connections , retrieve data , and update data.The core objects are the following : Connection Command DataReader DataAdapter In addition , ADO.NET provides the DataSet object , which provides a disconnected

44、cache of data .the DataSet object does not require a specific type of data source and is not tied to the underlying data source that the data was obtained from. The basic AD0.NET architecture is shown in Figure l2.l. Figure 12.1：ADO.NET architectureThe folfowing list outlines the purpose of each of

45、the main AD0. NET objects: Connectlon . This object represents a connection to a database . Command . This object represents an SQL statement that is run while connected to a data source . This object can be a stored procedure or a direct SQL stateynent DataReader. This object retrieves a read-only

46、, forward-only stream of data from a dalabase . Tbe DataRcadcr object is designed for connected scenarios and offers better performance than reading data into a DataSet object at the expense of fonctionality . For more information about how to use DataReader objects and Dataset objects ,see"Dat

47、aset vs .DataReader " later in this chapter.DataAdapter . This object channels data to and from a DataSet object and the DataAdapter object.DataSct. The DataSet object represents a disconnected , cached set of data . The DataSet is independent of the provider and is not tied to the underlying d

48、ata source that might have been used to populate it . DataSet can easily be passed from component to component through the various layers of an application ，and it can be serialized as XML . You should be aware of the way a DataSet is intemally constructed because the DataSet contains a potentially

49、large number of memory allocations are required to construct a typical DataSet. A DataSet consists of one or more DataTablc objects together with DataRclation objects that maintain table relationship information . Each DataTable contains DataRow objects and DataColumn objects . Constraint objects ar

50、e used to represent a cootraint that can be enforced on one or more DataColumn objects Note you can also use typed datasets that derive from the basic DataSet class. Typed Datasets beneflts at build time and at run time . For more information, see "Typed DataSets "later in this chapter .DataView.Although the DataView object is not shown in Figure 12.1 you can use a DaaView to sort and filter data in a DataTable. This capability is often used for data binding. <文献翻译二：译文>改进ADONET性能摘要：这章提供证明策略帮助你设计并且发展可调节的数据存取解决办法。本文包括不同的技术来通过数据遍布应用层，管理数据库连接工具，优化储存的过程调用，降低数