高考英语情态动词专题复习

1、情态动词精品学案情态动词解读: 本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词。 不能单独作谓语。 和其他动词原形构成谓语。 谓语动词之前。 无人称和数的变化。 否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“ not。 ” 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。经典例句：We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗？How dare you treat us lik

2、e that! 你怎么敢那样对待我们!We can't carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。情态动词考点：1. 情态动词表示推测。2. 情态动词的基本用法。3. 情态动词的答语。常见情态动词：情态动词有 can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought 好。情态动词的基本用来：一、can, could1)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)时，等于 be able to 。a) Can you lift this

3、 heavy box?(体力)b) Are you able to lift this heavy box?c) Mary can speak three languages.(知识)d) Is Mary able to speak three languages?e) Can you skate?(技能)此时可用be able to代替。2) can表示请求和允许。Can I go now?Yes, you can. / No, you can ' t.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。(特别注明：这

4、是在表示请求和允许的时候。)Could I come to see you tomorrow?Yes, you can. ( No, I m afraid not.)can't在否定句中可以表示命令，不允许，但是语气比mustn't弱，具有劝慰的意思.3)can表示“有时会”：A kind person can lose temper sometimes.4)表示与五种感官和知觉的动词连用。I can hear/ see you clearly from here.You can imagine how annoyed she was !5） can与be able to的区另

5、Can只有一般现在时（can）和一般过去式（could）；而be able to则有更多的时态。I ' ll nobe able to come this afternoon.当表示 经过努力才得以做成功某事（此事一般是一次性的，具体指的是某件事经过努力做成了 ）”时应用be able to,不能用Can 经典例句：He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.He was able to survive the fire because he was brave.经典练习1 .（

6、2010全国卷 I 29）. Just be patient .You except the world to change so soon.A. can' tB. needn ' t C. may notD. will not3. （2009 北京卷）One of the few things you say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.A. needB. mustC. shouldD. can4. The fire spread through t

7、he hotel very quickly but everyone get out.A. had toB. wouldC. could D. was able to5. 【2012全国卷 II 17. I' m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I find the money.A. canB. might C. wouldD. need（2011 四川卷）20. The police still haven ' t found the lost child, but they' re doing al

8、l they .A. canB. mayC. must D. should6、（2006 湖南卷）32.Some aspects of a pilot ' s job be boring, and pilots often work at inconvenient hours.A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must7. The biggest problem for most plants, which just get up and run away when threatened, is that

9、animals like to eat th407 湖南）A. shan ' tB. can ' tC. needn ' tD. mustn ' t二、may, might （非高考重点，考查较少）1）表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用 can'或mustn't表示 不可以，禁止”Might/ May I smoke in this room?-No, you mustn' . t-May/Might I take this book out of the room?Yes, you can. （N

10、o, you can' t / mustn. ） ' t用May I. ?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用 Can I？在口语中更常见。2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。（May+主语+动词原形）May you succeed!经典例题：（2010 四川卷 3）. 一 I take the book out?I'm afraid not.A. W川B. MayC. MustD. Need三、 must, have to1）表示“必须”；否定形式mustn't,表示“禁止”。You must come in time.You mustn't tell anyon

11、e about thisit s a secret.2）硬要；偏要If you must drink so much , of course you'll feel sick.3 ） must与have to的区别：must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时，have to有更多的时态形式。 don't have to =needn t经典例题：1. （2005全国卷 1）26. Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this !A. wouldn ' t B. mus

12、tn ' t C. needn ' t D. may not2. （2006 浙江卷）19. Could I have a word with you, mum? Oh dear, if you.A. can B. must C. may D. should3. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you take care of you门uggage2007 d 匕京卷）A. canB. mayC. mustD. will4. What do you think we can do for our age

13、d parents? You do anything except to be with them and be yourself2007 重庆卷）A. don ' t have toB. oughtn ' t toC. mustn ' tD. can ' t四.dare, need1) dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,过去式形式为dared。1. How dare you say I ' m unfair?2. He daren ' stpeak English before such a crowd, dare he

14、?3. If we dared not go there that day we couldn ' t get the beautiful flowers.2) need作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should弋替。1. You needn' Come so early.2. - Need I finish the work today?Yes, you must. / No, you needn' . t3) dare和need作实义动词用时，有人称、数和时态的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常

15、接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。1. I dare to swim across this river.2. He doesn' t dareto) answer.3. He needsto finish his homework today.经典例题：1 . I wonder how he that to the teacher.A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say2 . (2011 上海卷)28. I worry abo

16、ut my weekend I always have my plans ready before it comes.A. can ' t B. mustn ' t C. daren ' tD. needn' t3 .【2012 全国】 30. I_use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.A. couldn'tB. mustn'tC. shouldn'tD. needn't4 .【20

17、12 天津】8. It ' s quite warm here; we turn the heoninet.A. couldn ' tB. mustn ' tC. needn ' t D. wouldn ' t五、 shall1) shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句，征求对方的意见。经典例句：What shall we do this evening?2) shall用于第二、三人称陈述句，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。经典例句：You shall fail if you don ' t workihOr(d.(He shall ha

18、ve the book when I finish it.优诺)He shall be punished.喊胁)经典例题：1. (2010江苏卷 25). I haven ' t got the reference book yet, but I' ll have a test on the subject next month.Don' t worry. You have it by Friday.A. couldB. shallC. mustD. may2. (2011 陕西卷)24.- Will you read me a story ,Mummy?-OK. Yo

19、u have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. might B. must C. could D. shall3. 【2012 辽宁】 24. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school.A. mightB. couldC. shallD. will六、 will, would1) 用于第二人称疑问句表示 请求、建议等 ， would 更委婉。Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?2) 表示

20、 意志、愿望和 决心 。1. I will never do that again.2. They asked him if hewould go abroad.3) will 表习惯、倾向或反复发生的动作。如：John will fall asleep in church. 约翰做礼拜时老睡觉。Gold won't dissolve in hydrochloric acid. 金在盐酸中不溶解。4) would表示过去反复发生的动作 或某种倾向,且没有 现已无此习惯”的含义。used to也可表示 过去常常”，不表明现在的情况。1. During the vacation, hewo

21、uld visit me every other day.2. The wound would not heal.经典例题：1. I am busy now, my brother do it for you ?A. WillB. ShallC. MustD. May2. Please don t make a noise. . I ll be as quiet as a mouse.A. Yes, I won t B. No, I won t C. No, I will D. Yes, I will七、 should, ought to1） should, ought to 表示 “应该 ”

22、， ought to 表示 义务 或 责任， 比 should 语气重。1. I should help her because she is in trouble.2. You ought to take care of the baby.2） 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to 可通用，但在疑问句 中常用 should。1. You should / ought to go to class right away.2. Should I open the window?经典例题：1. What do you think we can do for our aged pa

23、rents? You do anything except to be with them and be yourself（2007 重庆卷）A. don t have toB. oughtn t toC. mustn tD. can t2 .（2008上海卷）29. According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A. mayB. can C. wouldD. should3 . （2009 四川卷 ） I don t care what people think.

24、Well, you .A. couldB. wouldC. shouldD. might17 / 17八.情态动词表示推测情态动词对现在对将来对过去陈述句肯定的推测(must )VVhave done/been陈述句否定的推测(can ' t/ couldn' tVVhave done/been陈述句可能的推测(may/might/could/should )VVhave done/been疑问句的推测(can/could )VVhave done/been经典例句：1) -Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking after supper?-Sur

25、e. She must be walking around the campus now.2) It must have rained last night for it was wet in the street.3) She caH t be serious about it.4) What can they mean by saying that?5) The room is in such a terrible mess. It can' t have been cleaned as the landlady said.6) He could be very naughty w

26、hen he was a child.7) In those days, a lot of scientists thought that the sun could go around the earth.8) It ' s nearly seven o ' clock, Jack should be here at any moment.突破方法：1.体会推测的内涵，熟记各情态动词的词义。2.确定所推测动作发生的时间。经典例题：1. ( 2005 W匕京卷)26. He have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn' t

27、 be enjoying himself by the seaside.A. shouldB. mustC. wouldn ' t D. can ' t2. (2005广东卷)33. I've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake. It Harry's. He always wears green.A. has to beB. will beC. mustn't be D. could be3. (2005湖北卷)32. Do you know where David is? I could

28、n ' t find him anywhere.Well . He have gone faL his coat ' s still here.A. shouldn ' t B. mustn ' c C. can ' t D. wouldn ' t4. （2005 江西卷）22. Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?Something to him.A. must happenB. should have happened C. could have happened D. mus

29、t have happened5. （2005 上海卷）27. There be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.A. mustn ' t B. shan ' t C. shouldn ' t D. needn ' t6. Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.You it in the wrong place. （2007

30、江西卷）A. must putB. should have putC .might putD. might have put7.（2010 辽宁卷 26）. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it be regular exercise.A. canB. willC. mustD. may8. （2011 北京卷）24. - I don ' t really like James. Why did you invite him?-Don' t worry. He come. He said he was

31、n ' t certain what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not9. 【2012 全国】 30. I use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.A. couldn't B. mustn't C. shouldn'tD. needn't10. 【2012 辽宁】 24. One of our rules is t

32、hat every student wear school uniform while at school.A. mightB. couldC. shallD. will11. "When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon." "They be ready by 12:00."A. canB. shouldC. mightD. need12. A（2006全国卷 I）24. There's no light on - they be at home.A. can&#

33、39;tB. mustn'tC. needn'tD. shouldn't13. （2006 天津卷）11. We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.A. needn ' t B. may notC. shouldn ' t D. mustn ' t九.“情态动词+have done”用法情态动词+have done用法例句must have done表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推

34、 测，意为“想必，准是，f做了某事”1. She must have gone through a lot.2. He must have visited the White House during his stay in the United States.may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许 / 或许已经（没有）一般用于肯定句 或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用might则表示 语气更加不肯定。1. You may have learnt the news.2. He may not have heard his name called.3. Sorry

35、 I m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.can have done cannot have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通 常用在否定句和疑问句中。（can换成could 时语气委婉）1. Where can she have gone?2. Could he have done such a foolish thing?3. The boy can't have finished reading the book so soon because it

36、 is difficult even to an adult.could have done可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经”之 意，止匕外，还可以表示过去能做而没做的事， 有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜。1. He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed.2. You could have been more considerate.3. You could have done better, but you were too careless.might have done表示“本来可能，但实际上没有发生的 事情”。另

37、外，还可以表示“本来应该或可以 做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。1. You should not swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.2. He might have given him more help, thought he was busy.should/ought to have done用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上 未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反 而做了。1. He should have known that the police would never allow this sort

38、 of thing.2. You shouldn't have done it so carelessly.3. You ought to have returned the book earlier.needn't have done表小做了本来/、必去做的事。注思：didn tneed to do表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做 杲事”1. You needn't have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.2. I didn't need to buy the dictionary. I had a co

39、py at home.had better have done用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为 当时最好做了某事,其否定式had betternot have done表示相反的含义。1. You had better have started earlier.2. You had better not have scolded her.would rather have done表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定式would rather not have doneS小相反的含义， 两者都 表示“后悔”之意。1. I would rather have taken his advice.

40、2. I would rather not have told him the truth.经典例题：1. （2005 山东卷）34. He paid for a seat, when he have entered free.A. couldB. wouldC. mustD. need2. （2005 辽宁卷）26. This cake is very sweet. You a lot of sugar in it.A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put3. （2006 江西卷）24. The weather

41、 turned out to be fine yesterday. I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.A. should have taken B. could have taken C. needn't have taken D, mustn't have taken4. My MP4 player isn ' t in my bag. Where I have put it? （2007 福建卷） A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would5. I told your friend how to get

42、to the hotel, but perhaps J have driven her there.（2007 陕西卷）A.couldB.mustC.mightD.should6. （2008辽宁卷）22. Peter be really difficult at times even though he' s a nice person in general.A. shallB. shouldC. canD. must7. （2009 江苏卷）He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.A.

43、 could expressB. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed8.【2012 江西】22. We have bought so much food now that Suzie won' t be with us for dinner.A. may notB. needn ' tC. can ' t D. mustn ' t十 .情态动词的答语：1） 表示 请求 和 允许。Can I go now? Yes, you can. / No, you can t.此时可与ma

44、y 互换。在 疑问句 中还可用could, might 代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。明：这是在表示请求和允许的时候。） Could I come to see you tomorrow?Yes, you can. （ No, I amfraid not. ）2） 表示 请求 和 允许。 might 比 may 语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can t 或 mustn t ， 表示 “不可以，禁止Might/ May I smoke in this room?No, you mustn t . May/Might I take this book out

45、of the room?Yes, youcan. （No, you can t / mustn. ） t用 May I. ？ 征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I.？ 在口语中更常见。3）在回答must引出的问句时，如果是肯定的用must;如果是否定的，不能用mustn' （禁止，不准），而用needn' （不必） . Must we hand in our exercise books today?Yes, you must.No, you don t have to/ you needn t.4）在回答need引出的问句时，如果是肯定的用 must;如果是否定的，不

46、能用mustn'（禁止，不准），而用needn'（不必） . Need I finish the work today?禁止（特别注t, don t have tot, don t have toYes, you must. / No, you neednt .高考连接：1. （2005江苏卷）31. The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. Oh, dear! She a lot of difficulties!A. may go t

47、hroughB. might go through C. ought to have gone throughD. must have gone through2. （2006 陕西卷）19.As you worked late yesterday, you have come this morning.A. mayn ' tB. can ' t C. mustn ' tD. needn ' t3. HoW s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?It be, but it is now heavil

48、y polluted. （2007全国卷 I）A. willB. wouldC. shouldD. must4. Guess what! I have got A for my term paper（2007 上海卷）Great! You read widely and put a lot of work into it.A. mustB. shouldC. must haveD. should have5. The teacher have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn't have wasted time on him, I

49、suppo（2007 安徽卷）A. shouldB. canC. wouldD. must6. She looks very happy. She have passed the exam2007 江苏卷）I guess so. It ' s not difficult after all.A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. might7. The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. （2007 上海春）A. can ' tB. mustn ' tC

50、. needn ' tD. shouldn ' t8. My cat ' s really fat.You have given her so much food（2007 浙江卷）A. wouldn ' tB. couldn ' tC. shouldn ' tD. mustn ' t9. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don' t think we it without you.A. can manage B. could have managed C. could

51、manage D. can have managed.（20081| 东卷）2410. （2009 辽宁卷）The traffic is heavy these days. I arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?A. canB. mustC. needD. might11. （2011 全国卷 I） 32. They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A. willB. canC. mustD. should12. （2011 陕西卷）22.I through that bitter period without your generous help.A. couldn ' t have gone B. didn ' t go C. wouldn ' t go D. hadn ' t gon