花生收获机外文翻译

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Design principle and analyses of the motioncharacteristics of4H-2type peanut harvesterShang Shuqi,Wang Jiangang,Wang Fangyan,Liu Shuguang,Jiang Yuanzhi(EngineeringSchool,LaiyangAgricultural University,Laiyang,Shandong,China)Abstract: The structure, working principle and design of main p

2、arts of the 4H-2 type peanut harvester were described andanalyzed, and the kinematics model of the main work parts was founded. On the basis of the optimized structure, therepresentative tracks of the work parts were described by means of Visual Basic and SPSS software and the machinefunction charac

3、teristics. The theoretical foundation has been provided for further study of this kind of machines.Key words: Peanut harvester; design principle; motion characteristicsCLC number: S225.73 Document Code: A Article ID:1002-6819(2005)01-0087-051 IntroductionThe peanut is one of the main oil plants in t

4、he world, which is only inferior to soybean but ranks the second for oil production and international trade.For a long time, the planting, harvesting and processing of peanut were mostly completed by manual work. It is a piece of labored work with low efficiency, which affects the peanut production

5、seriously. Especially in the last few years, as the transferring surplus rural labors to urban areas, the contradiction of each link of peanut production is more intensifying, the mechanization of the peanut production becomes particularly important. It has been a long time for researching and devel

6、oping the peanut harvesters in developed countries, it is a typical representative that the LP-2 type peanut harvester and peanut combine harvester of Courtesy lf Lilli ston Mfg. Co. in the United States and PH-2 type peanut harvester of Michigan in Netherlands. The development of peanut harvester i

7、n China is later than that in developed countries, perhaps the beginning of the 1960s. Since the 1970s, many representative mimic peanut harvesters were introduced into China such as the Dongfeng 69 type, 4HW-800 type and 4H-150 type peanut harvester etc.These products bring convenience for harvesti

8、ng peanut, but the structure of all current harvesters adopted the two steps of harvest principlescoop and separating chain combine together. These machines have to match with the medium-big power tractors. It is not only complex in structure, higher manufacturing costs, more power consumption, poor

9、 reliability, but also higher harvesting loss rate, peanut vines spread disorderly, and inconvenient for manual collection. It is not suitable for the current requirement of peanut harvesting and results in that the harvesting of peanut is almost completed by manual work at present. The mechanizatio

10、n level of peanut harvesting affected the development of the peanut production seriously. 2 Structure design of the peanut harvesterAnalysis of the whole machine structure 4H-2 type peanut harvester combines with the advanced method of planting and agricultural requirement, which can harvest two row

11、s at one working stroke. It matches with the 8.813.0 kW small four-wheel tractors. 4H-2 type peanut harvester is composed of gaging wheel, transmission shaft, eccentric wheel, pitman, long rocker-arm, erect axis, harvesting parts, long pitman, rocker-arm, mounting device and frame etc. The figure 2

12、shows its structure.1.gaging wheel 2.joint coupling 3.transmission shaft 4.erectaxis 5.long rocker-arm 6.long pitman 7.mounting device 8.rocker-arm 9.erect axis 10.harvester part 11.eccentricwheel 12.pitman 13.harvest part 14.frame Fig.2 Diagram of peanut harvesterThe driving power needed of the wor

13、k parts of 4H-2 type peanut harvester comes from the PTO of tractor. When the machine with tractor goes forward, the PTO drives eccentric wheel 11 pass through joint coupling 2 and transmission shaft 3. Then eccentric wheel 11 drives long rocker-arm 5 to move pass through pitman 12. As erect axis 4

14、and harvest parts 13 are made together, rocker 8 with long pitman 6 and long rocker-arm 5 constitute an inverse parallelogram mechanism, therefore harvest parts 10 and 13 swing with erect axis 4 and 9 with the same frequency and angle but contrary direction. The working process is: the scoops 10 and

15、 13 digging the peanut out and moving the peanut backward, while the lengthways grids continuously make the fanlike swing, and then break the admixture of soil and peanuts. By this movement the heavy soil sinks down via the grids, and the lighter peanut moves up, so that peanut is separated from soi

16、l well. The peanut is moving rearward continuously, finally even laying on the excavated ground, so it is convenient for manual collection.3：Function characteristics of the harvester The swing-digging principle and the inverse parallelogram mechanism have been successfully created and applied to 4H-

17、2 type peanut harvester. It had broken the traditional way which is scoop and separate chain to combine together for harvesting.(1) 4H-2 type peanut harvester should be matched with the small four-wheel tractors which are very universal. Its design is reasonable, with reliable working, steady functi

18、on, convenient adjustment, higher adaptability, and this machine can work in various fields and harvest all kinds of peanut.(2) In harvesting process, plastic film was not broken and easy collected with the peanut stalks. There is none leavings of them on the ground.(3) As created the swing-digging

19、principle, the whole resistance and the power consumption of the harvester have been reduced. By means of the swing function, the soil with heavy specific gravity sinking passes through the grids, and the peanut with lighter specific gravity moves up, so that the loss rate of peanut was reduced rema

20、rkably.4H-2 type peanut harvester is the new typical agricultural implement for the small scale farms of China and more suitable for Chinese peanut production. This harvester has the simpler structure and lower price. Its various performance indexes are superior to the Standard of technique indexes

21、for peanut harvesting in China. It can bring more economic benefit to the customers. References1 Duan Shufen, Hou Wenguang. The world peanut production and the trade outlookJ. Chinese agriculture bulletin,1990,6(2):21-25.2 Tao Shouxiang. The present condition and outlook of peanut high yield in Shan

22、dong provinceJ. Peanut science and technology,1993,2:26-29.3 Chen Chuanqiang. The broadcast lecture of the mechanization of peanut technique productionR. The agriculture machinery extension center of Shandong province,2000.4 The comprehensive mechanization technique of peanut production. The agricul

23、tural technique extension center of Shandong province,1999.5 Zhao Ming, et al. Peanut production machineryM. The publishing house of Hebei province,1981,81-90.6 Sun Yanhao. The peanut production & cultivation. The gold shield publishing house,1991,61-80.7 Peanut Institute of Shandong province. Peanu

24、t M . Jinan: Science &Technique Publishing House of Shandong Province,1982,46-52.4H-2型花生收获机的设计原理及运动特性分析尚书旗，王方艳，刘曙光，赵忠海，王建春摘 要:通过对国内外花生收获机械的调研与资料检索,综述了用于分段收获的花生挖掘犁、花生收获机和用于联合收获的花生联合收获机的类型及特点。在系统介绍和分析了上述花生收获机械以及用于分段收获中花生摘果机的基础上,从各种机型的工作原理、结构特点、动力配套、性能指标、适应条件等多方面论述了国内外花生收获机械所具有的优势和存在的不足。结合中国加入世贸组织及产业结构

25、调整对花生收获机械带来的挑战与机遇,提出了发展中国花生收获机械化的对策和建议。关键词:花生 收获机械 现状 发展趋势+1：引言花生是广泛栽培的主要油料经济作物,在世界油料生产和国际贸易中仅次于大豆而居于第二位。随着经济的全球化,花生生产无论对我国,还是对世界农业均起着重要的作用。但长期以来,我国花生收获环节基本都是靠人工完成的,劳动强度大,效率低下,制约着我国的花生生产。近几年来,随着农村剩余劳动力的转移,花生播种机械的推广,花生收获与花生生产各环节之间的矛盾突出。实现花生收获过程的机械化作业已成为提高花生生产效益,增加农民收入的重要组成部分。花生收获机较花生挖掘犁在功能上有了进一步提高,实现

26、了挖掘和果土分离的功能,但仍需人工或机械捡拾、集运、摘果。国外花生收获机械的研究起步较早,技术也比较先进,多采用两段收获法。较有代表性的是美国Courtesy of Lilli ston Mfg. Co.生产的LP2型花生收获机、荷兰Michigan生产的PH2型花生收获机及美国Kelley Manufacturing公司生产的系列花生挖掘机,这些机型均采用挖掘铲与分离链相组合的工作原理。我国对花生收获机的研制是从20世纪60年代开始的,起步较晚。又在20世纪70年代末80年代初从美国引进花生挖掘机的基础上得以发展起来。开始研制花生收获机以来,已有多种类型的样机或产品问世,如东风-69型、4H

27、W-800型、4H-150型花生收获机等,实现了我国花生生产从传统的人力劳动到机械化的部分转变,在我国花生生产机械化的发展过程中起到了一定地积极地作用。其中实际应用的花生收获机型中除东风-69型是收获前人工割蔓外,其余都是带蔓收获。花生收获机中比较典型的是4HW系列花生挖掘机。该系列花生挖掘机可分别与之适应的8.811 kW、1422 kW、36.8 kW等拖拉机配套,可一次完成花生的挖掘、抖土、铺放等工序。2：传动系统的运动机理分析4H 2型花生收获机是目前应用推广较好的机械。该机械适应当前的种植体制,选用农村普遍应用的8.813 kW小四轮拖拉机为配套动力,可与多功能花生播种覆膜机配套使用

28、,是唯一可以将残膜同花生一起收起,减少地膜残余量的有效机械。但该收获机的主要参数未进行系统的优化设计与理论分析,特别是重要的传动部件没有进行最佳结构与运动参数的确定。工作时,有关参数需要逐步调试,影响花生收获机的性能与作业质量。为此,进一步从理论上研究4H 2型花生收获机,对其主要参数进行优化分析,对推动花生产业的发展具有重要意义。1.限深轮 2.万向节 3.传动轴 4、9 立轴 5.长摆杆 6.长连杆 7.悬挂装置 8.摆杆 10、13 收获部件 11.偏心传动轮 12.连杆 14.胶带轮 15.机架工作过程中,花生收获机在拖拉机的牵引下一方面前进,一方面动力通过拖拉机的动力输出轴、万向节2、传动轴3,带动偏心传动轮11以一定的速度转动;偏心胶带轮11则通过连杆12带动长摆杆5运动,随之带动长连杆6、摆杆8运动。由于长摆杆5、摆杆8分别通过立轴4、9与收获部件10、13