高一语法限制性定语从句讲解

1、东方教育学科教师辅导讲义讲义编号SH12YY000001授课班级：高二年 级：G2课时数：2学员姓名：程嘉栋 辅导科目： 英语学科教师：刘瑞芳学科组长签名及日期剩余天数课题定语从句(1)授课时间： 2015/08/05备课时间：2015/08/04教学目标1、掌握定语从句的用法2、能够熟练应用，并做对题目重点、难点正确分析句子成分考点及考试要求能够分析句子，做对题目教学内容一、定语从句一、定语从句1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here plea

2、se.3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词(1)先行词,般是名词和不te代词,如：some-, any-, every-和no与-boy,-thing的合成词；或 all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting.关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places we can

3、visit (them) in China.4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词： who, whom, which, that, whose, as。关系副词：when, where, why。 that偶尔也作关系副词。5、确定关系词的步骤(1)先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。注意事项：that在从句中作主语或宾语，既可以指人又可以指物；which在从句中作主语或是宾语，

4、只能指物；who, whom在从句中分别作主语或宾语，只能指人；whose为关系代词 who的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语，whose引导的定语从句既可以是限制性的，也可以为非限制性的。先行词既可以是人，也可以是无，whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中可作主语及动词或介词的宾语。1、指人who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：I thank the woman. The woman helps me a lot.I thank the woman who (that)helps me a lot.(主语)The man was Jones .I

5、 saw him.The man (who /whom /that) I saw was Jones.(作宾语)She was the woman .I told you about her.She was the woman (who /whom/ that) I told you about .( 做介词宾语)She was the woman whom about I told you.(介词后只能用宾格 )2、指物which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，A prosperity appears in the countryside. A p

6、rosperity had never been seen before .A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?( 做宾语)3、Whose用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同 of which互换)，例如： They rushed over to help the man. His car had

7、broken down.They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which结构互换，词序是：名词+of whichHe' s written a book the name of which I' ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)4、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。(1)先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型 as many (much)中，从句都用 as弓

8、I导。Such books as you bought are useful.The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.注意：区别 such that 引导的结果状语从句。They are such lovely children that we love them much.thesame that 弓 I 导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.(2)无先行词的定语从句用as和which弓I导。区别：意义上：as含有“这点正如一样”。位置上：as从句可置句首

9、，也可在另处。He didn ' t pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat.三、特殊用法：1)只用who的当先行词是 one, ones, anyone 或 those , these 时，关系代词用who。The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works

10、hard.Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.Anyone who goes there will be punished.These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.在there be开头的句子中。There ' s a beautiful girl who came to see you this morning.There is a student who wants to see you.先行词后有一个较长的定语。I met a for

11、eigner in the city last week who could speak Chinese well.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who,以免重复。Thestudent that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.在非限定性定语从句中。She has a brother, who worked at that factory ten years ago.2、that与which的区分1)指物时宜用that的情况：当先行词为 all, none, much, litt

12、le, few, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时。All that can be done has been done.当先行词既指人又指物时。He spoke of the men and the thing (that) he had seen abroad.当先行词是疑问词who, what, which时或句子以疑问词 who , what, which打头时。Who that has such a home doesn ' t love it?先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。

13、This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.This is the best that can be done now.当先行词被 the very, the only, the last, the same , just, one of , any, every , few , little , no , all , one of 等修饰 时。This is one of the very book that I am looking for.关系代词在从句中作表语。Mary is no longer the girl that s

14、he used to be.2)只能用which不能用that的情况。引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。Bruce went towards the fire, which was still smoking.Tom came back late, which made his parents very angry.关系代词作介词的宾语。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.that, those 作主语时 Those which are on the desk are English books.先行词是专有名词、整个句子或世界上独一

15、无二的物质名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。The sun, which gives us light and heat, is very big.注意：当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词的数的形式应与先行词保持一 致。(1)one of + 复数名词 +关系代词 + 复数动词He is one of the students who pass the exam.(2)the only one of +复数名词+关系代词+单数动词He is the only one of the students who passes the exam.他是唯通过考试的学生。

16、(3)其他情况 I, who am your teacher, will try my best to help you.我，你的老师，将尽力帮你。Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about ?你听说过正在被谈论的这些人和事。定从练习关系代词和并句1. please use who/whom to connect the following two sentences together2. Teachers are professionals. They work in schools, collag

17、es and universities.3. A chef is a skilled cook. He usually works in a big restaurant or a grand hotel.4. Lingling is a fashion model. She often appears on the stage.5. The girl is a world famous fashion model. She is often involved in many performances6. The dancer is a laid-off worker. She perform

18、s very well.7. The sick woman is my aunt. A nurse is looking after her.精炼1 .The place interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. in which2 .Do you know the man?A. whom I spokeB. to who spokeC. I spoke toD. that I spoke3 .This is the hotel last month.A. which they stay

19、edB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed atD. where they stayed4 .Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. whichB. thatC. whenD. on which5 .That is the day I'll never forget.A. whichB. on whichC. in whichD. when6 .The factory we'll visit next week is not far from h

20、ere.A. whereB. to whichC. whichD. in which7 .Great changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there8 .This is one of the best films.A. that have been shown this yearB. that have shownC. that has been shown this yearD. that you talked9 .Can you lend me

21、 the book the other day?A. about which you talkedB. which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. that you talked10 .The pen he is writing is mine.A. with whichB. in whichC. on whichD. by which11 .They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of sat a small boy.A. whomB. whoC. whichD. that12 .The engineer my f

22、ather works is about 50 years old.A. to whomB. on whomC. with whichD. with whom13.1 t there anyone in your class family is in the country?A. whoB. who'sC. whichD. whose14.1 'm interested in you have said.A. all thatB. all whatC. thatD. which1.1 I want to use the same dictionary was used yest

23、erday.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. as16 .He isn't such a man he used to be.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. as17 .He is good at English,we all know.A. thatB. asC. whomD. what18 .Li Ming,to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went withB. with whom I wentC. with who I wentD.I went with him1.1 I don't like

24、as you read.A. the novelsB. the such novelsC. such novelsD. same novels20 .He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what21 .The letter is from my sister,is working in Beijing.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers,

25、 two thirds of are women.A. themB. whichC. whomD. who23.You're the only person I've ever met could do it.A. who;/B./; whomC. whom;/D./; who24.1 lost a book,I can't remember now.A. whose titleB. its titleC. the title of itD. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake,Hangzho

26、u is famous in the world.A. for whichB. forthatC. in whichD. what26.1 have bought such a watch was advertised on TV.A. thatB. whichC. asD. it27.1 can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together.A. when; whichB. which; whenC. what; thatD. on which; when28 .The way he looks a

27、t problems is wrong.A. whichB. whoseC. whatD./29 .This is the reason he didn't come to the meeting.A. in whichB. with whichC. thatD. for which30 .This machine,for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have lookedB. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked afterD. I have l

28、ooked after31 .The reason he didn't come was he was ill.A. why; thatB.that;whyC. for that;thatD.for which;what32 .He is working hard,will make him pass the final exam.A.thatB.whichC.for whichD.who33 .That is not the way I do it.A./B.whichC.for whichD.with which34.1 have two grammars,are of great

29、 use.A. all of whichB. either of whichC. both of thatD. both of which35.1 want to use the same tools used in your factory a few days ago.A. as wasB. which wasC. as wereD. which36. My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble,was very kind of them.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. it37. This is the

30、 magazine I copied the paragraph.A. thatB. whichC. from thatD. from which38. He is not such a man would leave his work half done.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. as39. You can depend on whatever promise he makes.A. /B. whyC. whenD. whose40. Smoking,is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. thatB. whichC. itD.

31、though41. - Did you ask the guard happened?-Yes, he told me all he knew.A. what; thatB. what; whatC. which; whichD. that; that42. I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm with the farmers,has a great effect on my life.A. when; whoB. that; whichC. which; thatD. when; which43. The number o

32、f the people who cars increasing.A. owns; areB. owns; isC. own; isD. own; are44. During the days, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followedB. followingC.to followD.thatfollowed45. Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?A. thatB. /C. whichD. it46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall,he coul

33、d see was going on inside house.A. which; whatB. through which; whatC. through that; whatD. what; that47. Is some German friends visited last week?A. this schoolB. this the schoolC. this school oneD. this school where48. John got beaten in the game,had been expected.A. asB. thatC. whatD. who49. I ha

34、ve bought two ballpens,writes well.A. none of themB. neither of themC. neither of whichD. none of which50. All that can be eaten eaten up.A. are beingB. has beenC. had beenD. have been三、高考链接（2013上海高考真题）II. Grammar and VocabularySection A25. - I ' m looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any

35、good ideas?How about the Moon Lake? It is easy reach of the city.A. byB. beyondC. withinD. from26. Those who smoke heavily should remind of health, the bad smell and the feelings of otherpeople.A. theirsB. themC. themselvesD. oneself27. Bob calle d to tell his mother that he couldn' t enter the

36、house, for he his key at school.A. had leftB. would leaveC. was leavingD. has left28. It ' s aclock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.A. charming French smallB. French small charmingC. small French charmingD. charming small French29. The school board is made up of parents who to make decisions about school affairs.A. had been electedB. had electedC. have been electedD. have elected30. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year,they might have.A. however difficultB. how difficultC. whatever difficultyD. what difficulty31. The ju