最新介词讲义完整版

1、精品文档精品文档,介词的分类1 .简单介词，是指单个的介词如： in, on, at, on, to, with 等2 .合成介词，是指两个简单介词合在一起构成的介词如： into, onto, without, inside3 .短语介词，是指一个或两个简单介词与一个或几个其他词类的词组合，在意义 和作用上相当于一个简单介词的短语如：instead of 代替because of 因为according to按照in front of 在.的前面二，表示时间的介词1 . at表示具体的时间点如：at eight o'clock联想：at构成的固定短语:at least 至少at no

2、on在中午at the moment在目前，现在at school在上学at first 首先at present 目前at the age o师岁时at the same timelU 时at the end of在。末如： In some western countries shops are closed weekends.2 . in用于年，月，季节，上午，下午，晚上等。in March 在三月in spring 在春天in 2008 在 2008 年in the morning/afternoon/evening注意：in表示在某一季节或某一月份时，一般不加冠词，但季节和月份的意义

3、一旦具体化，就要加定冠词the。如： The weather is a little in May.An earthquake happened in Sichuan in the May of 2008.In summer children are happy because they can swim.联想：in构成的固定短语:hand in上交in surprise 吃惊地in public 当众in no time立亥1J,马上in front of 在.前面in good health身体健康的be interested inXt 感兴趣in fact事实上in search of

4、寻找in the end最后，终于in a minute 立亥1J, 马上in a word 一句话，总而言之do well in在.方面干的不错in common共同的show great interest in对。感兴趣in the last/past several yearsi 过去的几年里3 .表示具体的某一天或某一天的早晨，晚上等，用 on。如： In the morning I often get up at six o 'clock but Sunday morning, I getup at seven.A traffic accident happenednear

5、our schoolthe night of May 2 nd,联想：on构成的固定短语:on board乘坐（车，飞机）on earth 至 U底on foot步行on holiday 度假be on show 展览on the other hand另一方面2014.on duty值班，值日on fire着火on hire雇佣on time按时on the right 在右边a book on history一本关于历史的书on one s way to在某人去 的路上4 .表示时间的 since, for, by, during, until（1）since （自从）后跟具体的过去时间，f

6、or后接一段时间。for和since短语所在 的句子应用现在完成时，谓语动词要用延续性动词。如： Great changes have taken place in my hometown since the year 2000.We have lived in the city for about five years.by+时间点，意为“到为止”，如果by后面跟的是将来的时间点，用一般将 来时或将来完成时，如果by后面跟一个过去的时间点，用过去完成时。如： I will finish eating by nine o 'clock.By the end of last week,

7、we had finished learning Unit5.during+时间段，与延续性动词连用，表示某期间的动作。如：She had trained hard during the four years to get ready for London Olympic Games.(4)until+时间点，意为“道为止”，句中的谓语动词若是非延续性动词，构成句型notuntil直至U才如： We stayed there until the sunset.We didn't go home until the sunset.(5)表示时间前后的before, afterbefore

8、在 之前，after在 之后如： We must hand in our homework before class.After half past eleven we can relax ourselves.注意：before作为介词，还可以表示“面临，面对”如： What should you do before so many difficulties?I had nothing to say before her.三.表示方位，地点，行为对象等的介词1 .表示方位的介词in, to, onin表示包含关系，意为“在。oo范围内”，on表示相邻关系，接壤；to表示相隔 关系。如： Chi

9、na is the east of Asia.Japan is the east of China.Russia is the north of China.2 .表示“上下”等方位的介词 over, under, above, below, on (1)。丫3在。正上方，其反义词为 under如：There is a football under the desk.I looked up and saw a plane flying over my head.2 2) above表示“在。上方”，非垂直关系，其反义词为below如：The plane is flying above the

10、clouds.on在。之上，指两者表面接触。其反义词也为under3 .表示“前后”的介词和短语介词(1) in front of在。前面，指在范围之外的前面，和before意义接近。如：There are some bikes in front of the teaching building.behind是in front of的反义词，意为“在。后面”(3)in the front of表示在范围之内的前面，其反义词组是 at the back of4. by, beside在。旁边；between在两者之间，among在三者及以上之间(1) by和beside意义相近如： Do you

11、 know the man who is standing by the window?Lucy sits beside me. She is my deskmate.(2) between指两者之间，也表示三者或多者中的每两者之间；among指三个或三 个以上的事物或人之间。注意：between表示两者之间，只要构成双方关系，就可以用 between如：There are so many desks in the classroom that there is hardly any room to move between them.教室里有这么多张课桌，几乎没有空间从它们中间穿过。5. a

12、cross, through穿过across从表面穿过，through穿越，穿透，透过，指从物体内部穿过。如：(1)When you go the road, you must be careful.(2)Which river runs Shanghai?(3) -I left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get in the window.-It s dangerous to do that.A. inB. throughC. overD. to6.表示里外的 in, inside, into, onto, out of, outside

13、(1) in在。之内如： My keys are in my pocket.注意：外来物“在树上”，用in,树上结出的东西“在树上”，用on 如：There are some birds the tree.Autumn comes and some red apples the apple trees come into peopseeyes.inside在。里面，至U。里面。反义词为 outside如：Listen! Someone is talking in a low voice inside the door.Don't stay outside.(3) into至ij。内。强

14、调空间或状态的转换。反义词为out of如： Why not go into the house and have a look?He looked out of the window and saw some people coming back from work. 注意：out of还有“脱离，失去”等意义。如：He has been out of work for long.Fish can't live long out of water.7 .表示“靠近” 的 near, next to, aroundnear在。附近next to在。旁边 around在。周围 如： Th

15、ere is a park near our neighborhood.I didn't remember to phone until near the end of the week.The mouse is next to my computer.That patient is next to death.The flowers and applaus嗒声)are always around the winners. 注意：around还表示“大约”，同义词：about 如：It was around/about twelve dclock in the evening.8 .表

16、示运动方向的for, to, towardsfor常接在leave, start等动词之后，表示运动的方向或目的地。如： They'll leave for Beijing to attend the meeting next month.to跟在go, come, return, move等动词之后，表示目的地，它既表示运动方向， 又包含运动结果。如： When did you return to Guangzhou after the summer holiday?towards朝，向。只说明运动的方向，没有“到达”的意思如： The teacher is coming towar

17、ds the classroom now.9 .表示行为对象的to, at一般来说，at同某些动词连用，表示攻击目标，含有某种程度的恶意；to则只表示方向，并无恶意。如： I threw the ball to him and he threw it at the dog.He came me and said hello to me.A dog came her and she was frightene殴惊吓的）。10 .最高级结构中表示范围的of, in同类比较时，若主语和范围一致，一般用 of, of后多为数词或可数名词复数；将 某人/某物置于集体或环境中进行比较时，用in, in后一

18、般是可数名词的单数。 如：She is the most beautiful girl the three sisters.Tom is the tallest boy the class.四.表示“除。之外”的介词1 .besides除。之外还如： Five others were late besides me.There will be five of us for dinner, besides John.2 .but, except除。之外。but常与否定词连用如： No one but we knows about the news.He has few friends excep

19、t you in this school.He has few friends except you in this school.They all went to sleep except me.3 .except for表示从整体中排除，除。之外，前后不是一类事物。如： The care is really wonderful except for its price.The composition is quite good except for a few spelling mistakes.五.表示方式，手段或工具的介词1. by, in, on表交通方式by bike=on a b

20、ike, by car=in a car如：Do you usually come to school by bike?2. by, in with表示手段或工具(1) by表示用某种方式或手段。名此前不加冠词。如： This pair of shoes is made by hand.The old man had to make money by selling vegetables.(2) in表示使用某种语言，用墨水，颜色，颜料等。名此前不加冠词。如： Can you say it in English?Please write it in ink, not in pencil.(3)

21、 with后跟具体的工具如： People here build houses with stones.I like to write with a ball pen.拓展：with常用来表示伴随，意为“有，带有”，其反义词为without如：This is a house with a garden.Fish can't live without water.六.引出动词不定式逻辑主语的介词。1. 一般情况下用 for sb. to do sth如：It s necessary for us to learn English.It s difficult for children t

22、o read such a book.2.表示品质，性格，特征的形容词后用of sb. to do sth.,这类句型中动词不定式的逻辑主语和形容词构成主系表结构。如：It s foolish of him to make such a decision.It s kind of you to give me so much help.七.其它介词的用法1. as作为，as for至于如： students we should work hard.He works a teacher in this school.him, I know nothing.2. thanks to 同 becau

23、se of 意为 “因为，由于"如：Thanks to your help, I am good at my lessons.Because of the weather, we have to put off the sports meet.八.介词的省略1. in的省略be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难(in) this/that way以这种/那种方法spend.(in) doing sth.花费。做某事have a good time (in) doing sth.

24、做某事很高兴waste. (in) doing浪费。做某事There's no use/good (in) doing stM故某事有用 /没有好处2. for的省略for+时间段里的for,在口语中可以省略，尤其是在肯定句中。但是在否定句中或 在旬首一般不可以省略。如：The rain lasted (for) a whole afternoon.He has been waiting (for) three hours.We haver! t seen each other for a long time.For a whole month, there is no rain.九.

25、常用介词短语1 .常与with连用的短语do with处置，对付go on with 继续。ooagree with 同意。be busy with 忙于keep/catch up with 跟上别with.用。装满。be familiar with.熟悉。be popular with受。欢迎be angry with sb生某人的气coverwith.用。 覆盖。helpwith在。方面帮助。get on well with 与。相处的好 be strict with sb.对某人要求严格 be pleased with sb.t某人感到满意2 .常与at连用的短语look at 看knock at 敲at last最后at once 立亥Ulaugh at嘲笑。shoot at朝。射击work at致力于。be good at擅长。be weak at不擅长。arrive at到达某地（小地方） be amazed a对。感至U吃，原3 .常与on连用的短语get on上车