高中英语必修3第一单元单词和短语讲解

1、高中英语重点单词和短语讲解第三册第1单元l.take placetake place发生，是不及物动词词组，规定不能用被动语态.跟它类似的还有：一般表示发生的词或词组，例如:happen, bring abou侍等eg: What happened?!么了 ？发生什么事了 ？A great change has taken place in China in recent yearS.年来，中国发生了翻天覆 地的变化.注意主语！ take place的主语不能是人.happen, take place ,come about, occi的区另 U这些词或短语都有发生”的意思，但用法各不相同，区

2、别如下：(1. take place表示发生、举行、举办”丁股指非偶然性事件的 发生”即这种事 件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排，例如：Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.The Olympic Games of 2008 will take place in Beijing.(2 .happen作发生、碰巧”解,一般用于偶然或突发性事件，例如：What happened to you?。般不说:What did you happen?Maybe something unexpect

3、ed happened.I happened to see him on my way home. = It happened that I saw him on my way home.(3. occur作发生、想到、突然想起”解,其意义相当于happen例如：What has occurred?（二What has happened?A big earthquake occurred (二happened in the south of China last month.It occurred to me that she didn ' t know I had moved int

4、o the new house.(4. come abou诔示发生、产生”多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问旬和否定旬 ，例如：When Mother woke up, shedi dn ' t know what had come about.I ' ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.Do you know how the air accident came about?(5. break out意思为发生、爆发”常指战争、灾难、疾病或者争吵等事

5、件的发 生，也可以表示突然大声叫喊等，例如：Two world wars broke out last century.A fire broke out in the hospital in the mid-night.After the flood, diseases broke out here and there.She broke out, “That is too unfair! ”高中阶段take构成的部分短语take a leave® 假 take a seat / be seate坐下 take one's places 代 take one's ti

6、me 慢慢来 take sth. seriouslyi!真对待 take up 占据2.starvestarve的用法及相关词组vi.饥饿；饿死；渴望；starve to death®死 starve for news 渴望消息What's for dinner? I'm starving!晚饭吃什么？我饿死了 ！vt.使饥饿;使渴望;使极度缺乏;starve a dog to death® 狗饿死They tried to starve the army into surrender他们试图使守军因饥饿而投降。starve for (=be starved

7、 of渴望；极需；缺乏starve sb. into用饥饿迫使 starve out用饥饿迫使投降；使断粮而屈服3.plentyplenty of,大量的，充裕的”川来修饰可数名词和不可数名词，用法同a lot of / lots of。例：There are plenty of eggs in the market市场上有很多鸡蛋。I need plenty of time to finish the work.我需要很多时间来完成这项工作。4.satisfysatisfy 用法：(1使义动词：满意I'm satisfied with your answers.形容词化对你的回答很满

8、意My answers satisfied you我的回答让你满意。My answers are satisfying我的回 答令人满意。(2使某人相信：convinceHe wanted to satisfy himself that he had given his best performance.(3达到要求或者标准：meetThe Executive Committee recommends that the procedures should satisfy certain basic requirements.执行委员会认为程序应该符合基本的条件才行。5.leadvt. 1.引导

9、;领（品&She led me into the drawing-room.她带我进入客厅。2 .诱使;致使What led him to resign his office?什么事导致他辞职的？3 .领导;指挥;率领They will let the young man lead the fight.他们将让这位年轻人领导这一仗。4 .过GS;使过（某种生活We lead a very quiet life.我们过着非常安静的生活。vi.1 .领路You lead and we'll follow.你领路，我们跟着。2 .通向，导致That door leads into t

10、he garden那扇门通向花园。lead to:导致;通向例句与用法:1. Too much work and too little rest often lead to 川ness.过量的工作和过少的休息 会引起疾病。2. All roads lead to Rome.条条大道通罗马。n.C1 .指导，榜样All the children followed his lead.所有的孩子都学习他的榜样。2 .领先地位Our team was in the lead at half time 我们队在前半场领先。3 .（新闻报导的导语4 .铅U6.originorigin n.起源；起因；原因

11、；出身；血统；【数】原起点【解】起端（地震的震源 坐标原点（力的作用点the origins of civilization 文明的起源be of noble humble origin 出身高贵微贱He is a German by origin.他原籍德国。7.1 n memory of / in honor ofin memory of是纪念某人/某事的意思经常电影里最后会有 in memory of our great police ,Tom意思就是谨以此片献给 我们伟大的警察 Tom He founded the charity in memory of his late wife.

12、他兴办那个慈 善机构以纪念他已故的妻子。in honor of和in memory of区另用勺题目A service was held _B those who had died from AIDS.A. in favour ofB. in memory ofC. in honor ofD. in search of答案是 B,in memory of纪念,追念in honor of为纪念,为庆祝；向表示敬仰从上面不难看出,in memory of表 纪念”含 追念”之意，而in honor of表示 纪念” 含庆祝”之意。而句子表达的意思是 纪念那些死于爱滋病的人们"川in ho

13、nor of（为庆祝显然不合适。E. dress updress up v.盛装,打扮，装饰,伪装dress out打扮weaR put on be in dress的区另Uwear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等，可用进行时，dress接人，dress后不可以接衣 K,（固定短语:dress oneself be dressed in+色，put on 表动作 It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes. put on你，戴特别指穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽、戴眼镜也用这个短语 ， 但put on是一一时的动作。可是 wear表示穿着的状态，穿，

14、戴特别指穿衣服、穿鞋、戴 帽、戴眼镜也用；be in +颜色,表示穿着什么颜色的衣服。dress oneself up aSJ自己打扮成什么样子【例:】(1 Mary put on her hat and left the room.玛丽戴上她的帽子就离开这屋 子。(2 Why is John putting on his hat and coat?勺翰为什么穿衣戴帽呢？9.trickn.C1 .诡计;骗局;谋略;花招He got into the castle by a trick他耍了 个花招混进了 城堡。2 .恶作剧3 .轻率愚蠢的行为That was a rotten trick!那样

15、做太轻率了 ！4 .习惯，癖好(+ofHe has a trick of repeating himselfffc 有重复自 己话的习惯。5 .窍门，招数，手法Daily practice is the trick in learning a foreign language.每天练习是学会一门外语的诀窍。常见短语:play a trick诈骗;开玩笑play a trick on sb戏弄某人10 .gain获得，取得acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve1区另U:这一组动词都有"获得，取得”的意思，在考试当中屡次出现它们之间的辨析

16、。acquire v多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获 得该词强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.正是通过学习，个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。attain v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果；也可指达到某一目标。The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month名销售员完成了当月 的销 售目标。obtain

17、v.获得，买到，用于正式语体中。He obtained the property with a bank loar#通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。gain v指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in valued 资者通过所买股票价格上涨而得利润。earn v挣得，赢得指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。How much do you earn a week孙一星期才多少钱？achieve v得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。The movie star achieved succ

18、ess and wealth. 个影星取得了 成功和贝才富。11 .agriculture adj农业的，农艺的the Agricultural Bank of China 中国农业银行Agri+Cultural播种文化就是农业Science and technology have contributed in important ways to the improvement of agricultural production.科学技术为农业生产做出了重要的贡献12 .award是 授予,给予”是动词award用双宾语:award sb sth或award sth to sb.做名词 奖品

19、,资金" award? reward的用法区别从词义上说,award是 授予，给予"，reward1回报”。从用法上说，award用双宾语:award sb sth或award sth to sb.reward 用 reward sb with sth.reward一般表示报酬，当自己付出过后的获得，比如帮别人忙所获得的报酬。award一般表示奖励，并不一定是因为对别人付出了什么，比如被授予奖学金。13 .admire/.respectadmire是钦佩，欣赏的意思.respect是尊敬的意思.Those firefighters performed very bravel

20、y in the battle to put out the big fire. I really _C them for their bravery.A. appreciateB. valueC. admireD. respect 选 C14.look forward toforward adv.向前地,向将来look forward to这里to是介词，所以后面需要接名词 或者动词的ing形式：1. We look forward to the return of spring.我们期待着春天的到来。2. I/We will be at the10 Baker Street at six

21、sharp, and look forward to seeing you.我（们将于晚六点准时到达贝克大街10号，到时再会。3. I look forward to being alone in the house.我盼望著能自己一人在这所房子.15.lunarlunar adj月的，月亮的中国新年要叫 Chinese Lunar New Year由于中国的新年是按照农历（阴历计算，而农历是根据月亮的运行制定的，所以称 为 Chinese Lunar New Year16.parade n.v1.,游行CUA parade was held on New Year's Day元旦刃

22、B天举行了 游行。2.阅兵（典礼；阅兵场CU The general inspected the parade将军检阅了阅兵vi.1.游行，列队行进QThe soldiers paraded by 士兵们歹!J 队走过。17 .religious adj. 1.宗教的，宗教上的2.笃信宗教的，虔诚的Our parents were very religious and very patriotic.我们的父母非常虔诚，非常爱国。18 .blossomblossomn.花，花开的状态v.开花在中国古诗中 把美人的脸蛋比做花（blossom.例旬 The apple trees are bloss

23、omin砰果树正在开花。2. There are many pear trees covered in blossoM E 里有许多开满花的梨树。3. Her daughter is blossoming into a beautiful girl.她的女儿出落成一个漂亮的女 孩。blossom是专指果树成片成丛的花或灌木的花，如樱，梨，桃等的花，一股指结果的 树的花.而flower指花草，小果树开的花，区别不是很大.还有一个表示花的词bloom 区别大些，指专供欣赏的花，如玫瑰,菊花等1. The roses are in full bloom.玫瑰花盛开了。2. The children

24、are blooming!孩子4正在健康成长3. The roses are blooming 政瑰花正在盛开。19.as thoughas if好像，好似She spoke to me as if she knew metk和我说话的神情，好像她早 就认识我似的。(=as though一、as if从句的作用1 .在 look, seem等系动词后引导表语从句。如:She looks as if she were ten years younger.她看起来好像年轻了 十岁。It seems as if our team is going to win# 来我们队要胜了。2 .引导方式状语从

25、句。如:She loves the boy as if she were his mothe她爱这男孩， 就好像她是他的母亲一样。The child talked to us as if he were a grown up! B 孩子跟我们谈起话来，像个成年人似的。二、as if还可用于省略句中如果as if引导的从句是 主语+系动词”结构，可省略 主语和系动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语、介词短语或分 词。如:He acts as if (he was a foo他做事像个傻子。Tom raised his hands as if (he was going to

26、say something 姆举起手好像要说什 么。She left the room hurriedly as if (she wasangry也匆忙离开房间好像生气的样 子。三、as if从句的语气及时态1. as if从句用陈述语气的情况。当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能 发生或存在的事实时。如：It sounds as if it is raining.听起来像是在下雨。He talks asif he is drunk.从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。2. as if从句用虚拟语气的情况。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如

27、下：(1如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如：You look as if you didn ' t car®上去好像并不在乎。He talks as if he knew where she wash说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里。,谓 谓动词 “ha d动去词”。：He talks about Rome as if he had (2)从 句 与动去 实been there before 说起罗 罗 罗 去动 罗 罗。The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone那女倾，动。动，经经头(3)从句，谓

28、谓动 词 “wou1dzcould/might +动 词”。： He opened his与与罗 实 mouth as if he would say something 张开。It looks as if it might snow .看 说么。 罗 20. have fun with sb have fun with sth/sb: .开.举He had fun with his friends.(员 开.have a hard time with 对感到头 21. daily adj ; adv ; n.报 daily life China Daily My father goes fo

29、r a walk daily. 22. possibility .is no possibility Bob can winthe first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; what C. There; whether D. It; whether 同 谓从句。Possibility 23. There be旬 that 领词，为：可能；可能发 24. turn up turn up开大，调大；现，罗至U;发.turn down调turn off关掉，断开；turn on 开开开 turn to 求 turn over 转 in turn

30、turn in 交还，交 轮 turn out (to be) 结 果， 结果. turn into sth经 turn back 掉转 头 25. keep one ' s word keep one's wordbreak one ' s word(s=break one ' srom/issat one ' s word; 认说认 26. hold one' s breath hold one's nose=hold one's breSthout of breath 气 气 27. apologise/apologize apologize to 道 ( apologize for "道还可 Peter apologized for his laughing others. : apologize to sb for something. ： I