新托福阅读的修辞目的题答题技巧

1、新托福阅读的修辞目的题答题技巧修辞目的题（Rhetorical Purpose Questions ）,为新托福必考题型，每篇文章考0-2题。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，它主要考查考生们理解作者为什么在文章中某个特别位置或者以某种特殊的方式陈述一个特别的信息。1）有时要求学生确定一个段落与另一个段落之间的联系2） 有时考查作者提到某一条特别信息的原因（句子之间的联系）注意：此类题目不考查整篇文章的结构，只考查句子或段落之间的逻辑关系。问题形式The author discusses X in paragraph 2 in order toWhy does the author men ti

2、onX ?The author uses X as an example of 答题技巧修辞目的题一般可分为以下几类：一、例子题例子题一般占修辞目的题出题机会的70%,题干中出现的X本身是段落中出现的一个例子，这类题是送分题，因为要么是先举例子后总结 /概述（理论），要么是先概述（理论）后举例子，所以答案多半是绕过例子看概述， 而概述的改写就是本题答案的所在，也就是说哪个选项的内容和概述的内容一致就是答案。因此考生也可以用排除法选答案。女口： OG Title: ARTISANS AND INDUSTRIALIZATIONParagraph 4The first gen erati on to

3、 experie nee these cha nges did not adopt the new attitudes easily.The factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules.One mill worker who fin allyquit complained revealingly about“ obedienee to the dingdong of the bell just asthough we are so many livi ng mach in es.With'the loss of pers

4、onal freedom also camethe loss of sta nding in the com munity4. I n paragraph 4, the author in cludes the quotati on from a mill worker in order toOsupport the idea that it was difficult for workers to adjust to work ing in factoriesO to show that workers sometimes quit because of the loud noise mad

5、e by factory mach ineryOargue that clocks did not have a useful function in factoriesOemphasize that factories were most successful whe n workers revealed their complai nts分析：此题中我们根据mill worker定位，能定位到原文对应内容为One mill worker who fin allyquit complained revealingly about“ obedienee to the din-dong of t

6、he bell just asthough we are so many living machines” 绕过例子读理论，理论 The first generation toexperieneethese changesdid not adopt the new attitudes easily. The factory clockbecame the symbol of the new work rules."在例子前面，根据此理论，我们即可以选出正确答案为第一个选项。如：OG Title: AGGRESSIONParagraph 5The Psychody namic Appr

7、oach. Theorists adopti ng the psychody namic approach holdthat inner conflictsare crucial for understandinghuman behavior , includingTheFreudia n perspective, in a sen se, see us as“ steam enBynesl ding in "rather tha nventing“ steam, " we set the stage for future explosions.Pent-up aggres

8、sive impulsesdema nd outlets. They may be expressed toward pare nts in in direct ways7. Freud describes people as steam engines in order to make the point that peopleOdeliberately build up their aggressi on to make themselves stron gerOusually release aggressi on in explosive waysOmust vent their ag

9、gressi on to preve nt it from buildi ng upOtypically lose their aggressi on if they do not express it.分析：此题中，我们根据Freud和steam engines定位，原文对应内容为 The Freudian perspective,in a sen se, see us assteam en gi nes.绕过此例子，定位理论，原文中理论By holdi ng inrather tha n venting“ steam, ” we set the stage for future explo

10、sions."在例子之后，根据此例子，我们可以确定答案为第三个选项。如：OG Title: EARLY CINEMAParagraph 2These Kin etoscope arcades were modeled on phono graph parlors, which had prove n successful for Edis on several years earlier . In the pho no graphparlors, customersliste ned to record ings through in dividual ear tubes, movi

11、 ng from one mach ine to thenextto hear differentrecorded speeches or pieces of music. The kinetoscopesfunctioned in a similar way2. The author discusses pho no graph parlors in paragraph 2 in order toO expla in Edis on' s finan cial successOdescribe the model used to desig n Kin etoscope parlor

12、sOcon trast their popularity to that of Kin etoscope parlorsOillustrate how much more tech no logically adva need Kin etoscope parlors were分析：此题中，我们根据 pho nograph parlors 定位，原文对应内容为 These Kin etoscope arcades were modeled on phono graph parlors, which had prove n successful for Edis on severalyears

13、earlier . In the phono graphparlors, customersliste nedto record ingsthroughin dividual ear tubes, movi ng from one mach ine to the n ext to hear differe nt recordedspeeches or pieces of music. 绕过此例子，定位理论，原文中理论 The kinetoscopes fun ctio ned in a similar way"在例子之后，根据此例子，我们可以确定答案为第二个选项。二、逻辑关系词或者态

14、度类词汇的题在段落中，将某一个逻辑关系词X划出，题干中 why does the author mentionX?朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，这种题目的解法主要是关注逻辑关系词或态度类词所表达的含义，如：转折关系：however , but, although, in stead, rather tha n等因果关系：because, result in, result from, con seque ntly, as a result等递进关系： furthermore, also, moreover等态度类词汇： happy, worried, panic, luckily, fortu

15、nately, unfortunately, impatient, curious,an xious, ridiculous, hopeless等如：Unfortun ately,Hubble telescope wasin itially delayed inrelay ing its first pictures backfrom space due to a simple mathematical miscalculati on.Why does the author beg in paragraph 4 with unfortun ately?Olt indicates that NA

16、SA has been unhappy with all of Hubble' s photograph.OIt shows that NASA' s plan to use stars to orient the Hubble telescope was misguidedOIt emphasizes the n eed to have telescopes on the earth.OIt indicates that high expectation were not initially met.分析：此题即考查态度类词 Unfortunately所表达的含义。结合原文内

17、容中的“hitially delayed in”说明作者用Un fortu nately词是为了表达对 Hubble telescope 最初使用时并未成功的遗憾，因此我们可以确定答案即为第四个选项。如：OG Title: THE ORIGINS OF CETACEANSParagraph 5An even exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whaleAmbulocetus n ata ns ( " the walk ing whale that swam” ) lived

18、in the Tethys Sea 49 millio nyears ago. It lived around 3 millio nyears after Pakicetus but 9 milli on beforeBasilosaurus . The fossil luckily in cludes a good proporti on of the hind legs. The legs werestrong and en ded in long feet very much like those of a moder n pinn iped. The legs were certa inly both functional both on land and at sea.9. Why does the author use the word luckily in men ti oning that theAmbulocetus n ata nsfossi