变复数和音标

1、精选文档可数名词变复数变化规则如下： 1 一般情况下，在名词后直接加s遇到清音, 读/s/；遇到浊音, 读/z/. 遇到以t结尾的词，与t结合在一起读/ts/；遇到以d结尾的词，与d结合在一起读/dz/。如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2 以s. x. sh. ch结尾的名词，在后面加es，读作/iz/, 并要和前面的辅音连读。 如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches，brush-brushes3 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，把y变成i, 再加es，ies读作/iz/；如：family-families（家庭）

2、, strawberry-strawberries（草莓）4 以“f或fe”结尾的词，把f或fe变成v，再加es，ves读作/vz/；如：knife-knives leaf-leaves thief-thieves5 以o 结尾的词,黑人Negro英雄hero爱吃土豆.西红柿，加es, 读作/z/.6 无规则变化： 男人 manmen女人 woman-women牙齿 toothteeth脚 footfeet鹅 goosegeese绵羊 sheepsheep梅花鹿 deerdeer儿童childchildren fish(种类)fisheschicken(整只鸡)chickenspeople当“

3、人，人民”讲，本身就是复数词；当people后加上s时，即peoples表示“民族”例如：There are 56 peoples in China. 中国有56个民族。动词过去式变化规则规则动词的过去式变化规则：1. 直接在词尾加-ed. 如：want-wanted need-needed work-worked clean-cleaned2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的, 在词尾加-d. 如：like-liked live-lived use-used move-moved3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i, 再加ed. 如study-studied carry-carried hurr

4、y-hurried marry-married4. 重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写此辅音字母，再加-ed. 如：stop-stopped不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条：1. 以t结尾的动词，过去式与原形相同。如：put-put cut-cut2. 以d结尾的动词，变d为t。 如：build-built lend-lent send-sent spend-spent3. 以n结尾的动词，在后面加-t. 如：mean-meant burn-burnt learn-learnt4. 以ow/aw结尾的词，变成ew. 如blow-blew draw-drew know-knew

5、grow-grew5. 含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加-t. 如：keep-kept sleep-slept feel-felt smell-smelt6. 含有元音字母o/i的词，将o/i变成a. 如sing-sang give-gavesit-sat drink-drank begin-began发音规则：在清辅音后面发/ t/：ask-asked help-helped finish-finished pass-passed reach-reached在浊辅音和元音后面发/d/ ：call-called move-moved enjoy-enjoyed w

6、elcome-welcomed answer-answered borrow-borrowed在/ t/ /d/后面发/d/: want-wanted start-started need-needed 动词-ing形式 音标拼读练习（一）音标拼读练习（二）元音字母a,e,i,o,u在开,闭音节中常见的读音：a: /e/ wake, lake, cake, date, name, plate, plane, make, late, hate, face, gate, fate, rate,Jane,Kate, /æ/ bag, cat, lack, fat, fa

7、n, dad, hat, bad, flag, mad, rat, can, /:/ fast, class, last, glass, plant / / watch, wash, wante: /i:/ we, she, he, me, Chinese /e/ pen, bed, ten, hen, seven,wet, i: /a/ bike, ride, five, nine, white, side, Nike, kite, ice, fine, nice, mine, wide, write, wine, pipe / / fish, big, sit, his, it, this

8、, kick, pig, fix, kid, lip, littleo: / nose, vote, those, home, code, hope, joke, woke, no, go, so / / hot, lost, lot, fox,box, sock,clock, not, pop,dog, frog, job, top,Bob/ / come, dose, above, love, brother, mother,u: / ju:/use, cute, amuse, /u:/ blue, rude, true, clue / / bus, sun, duck, lunch, u

9、p, cup, hurry, jump, us, fun, run, cut, mud, truck, gun, hug,音标拼读练习（三）1. 元音音素：/i:/   E i:    green ri:n    see si:/ /   it t    big b   little  'ltl/e/    bed bed    

10、head hed   letter 'let/æ/   apple 'æpl   map mæp   cat kæt/:/   park p:k   start st:t   far f:/ /   mother 'mð    up p    luck lk/ :/ 

11、0; door d:   horse h:s sport sp:t/ /    hot ht   watch wt    body 'bd/u:/   school sku:l    blue blu:    moon mu:n/ /    book bk    good d    look lk/ :/

12、60;   bird b:d    word w:d    her h:/    about 'bat    later 'let   mother 'mð/e/   A e   day de    late let/a/   hi ha  &#

13、160; night nat    like lak/   boy b    soil sl    enjoy n'd/   old ld    most mst     hope hp/a/   out at    loud lad    how ha/  &

14、#160;here h     near n     idea a'd/   sure     poor p     tour t/e/   air e     hair he     wear we音标拼读练习（四）2. 辅音音素/p/ picture 'pkt 

15、0;  please pli:z    people 'pi:pl/b/   boat bt     big b    boy b/ t/  take tek     today t'de     to tu:/d/   dog d    day de

16、    daddy 'dædi:/ k/  cae kek    kite kat     come km/   go    good d    glass l:s/f/   fine fan     fun fn    from frm/v/

17、60; very 'ver    video 'vd    vase v:z/s/ six sks    kissks  sayse/z/    zoo zu:    zero 'zr    clothes klðz/   thank æk    thin

18、g     think k/ð/    them ðm    they ðe    father 'f:ð/   sure    shop p    ship p/    television 'tel,vn    pleasure '

19、ple    measure 'me/t/  chicken 'tkn    child tald    cheap ti:p/d/   job db     jeep di:p     change tend/tr/   tree tri:    train tren  

20、  trade tred/dr/   dress dres     dream dri:m    drop drp/ts/   cats kæts     gets ets     lots lts/dz/   reads ri:dz     cards k:dz    

21、; birds b :dz/m/   my ma     many 'men     may me/n/    no n    not nt    know n/    bring br    think k    going 'g/ h/   

22、;hat hæt     have hæv     hello he'l/ w/   window 'wnd    what wt    will wl/ j/    yes jes    yellow 'jel    yesterday 'jes

23、td/l/    life laf  little 'ltl   leave li:v/ r/    red red    read ri:d     remember r'memb音标拼读练习（五）常见的元音字母组合发音：ar /:/ car far star scarf market hard park arm farmar/ :/ warm quarter quar

24、relai /e/ tail rainy train wait main nail faintair/e/ air chair hair fair stairsay/e/ day may today play say way stay lay Mayay/ / Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Friday al/ :/ talk walk chalk all/ : l / ball tall small wall mall call fall aw/ :/ draw pawse/i:/ he she meer& or/ / farmer teacher

25、barber leader player speakerdoctor actor authorer/ :/ her term serveere/e/ there whereea/i:/ sea tea eat teacher read please meat speak dream ea/e/ head bread feather weatherear/ / ear hear near dearear/e/ bear pearear/ :/ learn earn earth heard ee/i:/ bee three tree see need feed week sleep green s

26、heep meet feel feet thirteenir/ :/ bird shirt skirt sir girl circle thirty thirteen thirstyor/ :/ for short forty force horse store sportor/ :/ work world wormoor/ :/ door flooroa/ / road boat coat goat soapoo/u:/ too zoo cool school room moon afternoon spoon oo/ / good foot look book cookies classroomou/ a /out loud cloudy house mouth about mountain ow/ a / cow how now brown down flowerow/ / slow k