中国和美国高等教育之间的差异(英文)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上The Differences of Higher Education between America and ChinaAbstractDifferent countries have different higher education systems. This paper aims at discussing the differences of higher education between China and America, .It not only puts forward the analysis in education system and g

2、raduates in China and the United States, but also the analysis of the differences in education reform measures between the two countries.Contents:1 Introduction2 The comparison of the traditional culture and social environment between China and America 2.1 Differences of attitudes on culture 2.2 Con

3、trast of tradition education idea between Chinese and American3 The contrast of Chinas higher education system and Americas 3.1 The different institutions of Courses and specialty 3.2 The different methords of checking the students result 3.3 The different choices of specialty curricula 3.4 The diff

4、erent methods of teaching lessons 3.5 The different styles of students management3.6 The differences between public and private schools4 The difference of reform measures 4.1 American reform measures 4.2 Chinese reform measures5 The quality and ability of graduates between China and America 5.1 The

5、contrast of actual talents fostered6 ConclusionThe Differences of Higher Education between America and China1 IntroductionBecause of the development of scinence and technology,connections between higher education and national politics,economy,science, culture,military relation is day by day closer.T

6、he higher education is vigorous and upward,and it not only simply performances for the growth of quantity, but especially has had the hugh change in the nature. The advanced level of higher education has become a thesymbol of national strength.With more intense international politics,economic strugg

7、le and military competition day by day,its key often lays on the competition of science and technology which changes everyday.In the view of the long term and personal factor,it also has no alternative but to sum up to fosters talents education.This intrinstic mutual relation especially performances

8、 in the aspect of higher education.Therefore, various countries goverments all devote themselves to higher education reform.This artical has mainly carried on the elaboratio on the difference between Chinese and American higher education.2 The comparison of the traditional culture and social environ

9、ment between China and America2.1 The difference of social environment and traditional education between China and AmericaAmerica is the biggest immigrant country and American social is an open social. The societys openness urges the american college to abadndon the old education thought which the E

10、uropean traditional university sticks to,adopt open policy to absorb all advatanges from other countries and establishes diverse and open education control system which emphasizes the actural effect.American economy emphasizes on the practical value, as well as individual value realization with fast

11、 development, rich material life, strong material idea and etc. The American advocates the independent way of life and work. The American owns full creative humanities spirit, the innovation is the forever subject in their brains. They pursue the hi-tech and prefer to compete. Compared with USA, Chi

12、na is the great nation with glorious history and cultural traditions. The Chinese people have the excellent moral of modesty, but also have been over cautious and conservative. Though Chinese economy and technology is quite backward, it has very strong potential development, and Chinese students wor

13、ked hard since they were small. Therefore China implements the policy of opening up, abundantly absorbs the benefit and enriches itself.However, the education between Chinese and American is extremely different. American education aims at building such an education to raise the creativity with less

14、study and more thought.The USA pays great attention to train the students practice ability to utilize the knowledge, cultivating the students to ask the knowledge and authority and building the ability to extend the knowledge system. That fact that 1/3 of numbers among all Nobel Prize winners in the

15、 world are the American is a very good illustration. Compared with American higher education, Chinas higher education aims at building the foundation of education with more study and less thought; Chinese education pays more attention to instill and accumulate knowledge, cultivating the students res

16、pect to the knowledge and authority and building the ability to inherit the knowledge system.2.2 contrast of tradition education idea between Chinese and AmericanOur higher education was considered as the best education in the world. Comparing the elementary education between American and China, peo

17、ples universal view will be: Chinas elementary education aims to build the foundation of education with more study and less thought; While U.Ss education aims to build such an education to raise the creativity with less study and more thought. Now the Chinese students are generally regarded as talen

18、ts with few intelligence and high scores. Why causes for such a view? Because the Chinese students study more, actually pay little attention to the practice, and cannot study for the purpose of application. Therefore, cultivating the idea of unifying the study and practice is very important for Chin

19、ese higher education.The China and Americas education has extremely different traditional. Chinas education pays more attention to the instilling and accumulation of knowledge, cultivating the students respect to the knowledge and authority and building the ability to inherit the knowledge system. C

20、ompared with Chinese higher education, US pays great attention to train the students practice ability to utilize the knowledge, cultivating the students question to the knowledge and authority and building the ability to extend the knowledge system. That fact that 1/3 numbers among all Noble prize w

21、inners in the world is American is very good illustration. These two kinds of educations expressed two different manners of treatment with knowledge. The accepts of Chinas education expresses is dynamic changes to knowledge. Such a difference of static and dynamic state had reflected the different k

22、nowledge views.Thoughtfully, superiority union form the two kinds of education patterns will be next education reform direction.U.Ss education pays attention to raise students self-confidence, independent, spirit of support oneself, but Chinas education emphases on training the student to be strict,

23、 strict ,rigorous spiritual. Obviously, Chinese education may fruitfully develop and function of cerebrum, but U.Ss higher education could expand the function of cerebrum by utilizing and synthesizing the information outside. In the view of developing the ability of creation, Chinas students prefer

24、to be self-fetter, self-control, as well as accustomed to conservative idea because of worry about the mistake. Indeed, the good foundation may be the innovation advantage, but simultaneously also may become the barrier to fetter the creative thought; the rigorous quality may bring the complete pond

25、er, also may become the enemy of unevenness thought. Now, one new trend appears in the American education field. They carry out the reform in the orientation of emphasizing foundation. This action aims at altering the condition of insufficient foundation from the U.S education. Opposite with U.S hig

26、her education, the present situation in the higher education of our country is full foundation with insufficient innovation, therefore, our higher education must be innovated to make up for the lack.3 The contrast of Chinas higher education system and Americas3.1 The different institutions of Course

27、s and specialtyA nations higher education is the reflection of economic system. American education aims at adapting for society demand, they explicitly stipulate three big functions: educations service for the economic development, the scientific research and teaching. The manifest of service in the

28、 establishment of specialty curriculum is to meet the social need and set up special curriculum or specialty which the society needs. In China's universities, during quite long period of time, the establishment of specialty curriculum lacks the change and could not follow social demand. In the l

29、atest few years, the majority of Chinese universities all started to pay great attention to the transformation and renewal of establishment of specialty curriculum so as to meet the need of society.3.2 The different methords of checking the students resultWhen American school inspects the result of

30、student, they emphasize more on the ability to analyze and solve the question but not the ability of memory or description. The American student need the mechanical memorizing, but displays creative thought as far as possible .This can cultivate students study interest, raise the ability of doing it

31、 by self and make the study be one kind of creative activity.However, many teachers still adopted old teaching ways in Chinese universities, thus takes a test which needs mechanical memorizing. Such an inspection method has seriously attacked the students enthusiasm of study, caused the student to o

32、ne-sidedly pay great attention to the theory and neglect the ability of practice.3.3 The different choices of specialty curriculaIn order to adapt the society, the American universities have established many specialties and curriculum of choice for students; the students choose or transform specialt

33、ies and schools according to own interest and hobby. The American higher education system is extremely diverse and flexible, which is solo in the world higher education. In China, the student may choose the specialty according to own interest and hobby, but change of specialty in the school is not e

34、asy, transformation of school then is more difficult. In American universities, the compulsory courses are few, and elective courses are rich. While in Chinese universities, the compulsory subjects occupy the major part, and many schools（especially for technical colleges and universities）have the ph

35、enomenon of more emphasizing on the Science subjects, little on the liberal arts.3.4 The different methods of teaching lessonsIn the United States inspiring students is great important for teaching. In classroom teachers will specially put forward some inspiring questions for students. In such a tea

36、ching mode, the students in the classroom have a higher degree of freedom, and they can be ready to make their own doubt for teachers which made the teaching atmosphere lively and vivid. This method of teaching helps to develop students abilities of independent thinking and solving problem, however,

37、 this approach has a high demand for teachers which easily lead to a decrease in teaching quality and depth.China's higher education pays more attention to the systematic study. When teaching the curriculum, teachers should follow in accordance with certain teaching programs. Students have certa

38、in interactive questions, but this question tends to be discussed after the class, rather than in the classroom. It is the main mode that class is taught by teachers and students just listen to the records. This approach is conducive to help the students learn systematic knowledge. The class content

39、 is quite rich, but they have less sense of innovation.3.5 The different styles of students managementIn the United States, many students at the school could conveniently take the IC card with a photo; the cards can be used to enter libraries and computer rooms and other facilities such as gymnasium

40、s and other coliseum throughout the academy. Experienced consultants equipped by the school would help students to determine their main direction (major, a bit like our domestic professional) and guide students to choose specific classes. After selecting courses, in accordance with the school timeta

41、ble, the septic time, place, classroom and course is entirely controlled by individual who means that everyone has the right of their own curriculum. Unlike American students, Chinese students also need arrangements of classes and dormitories. Compared with the USAs IC card, our domestic studen

42、t card and library card is similar to it. Except these, Chinese school has no experienced consultants to help students to determine their main direction. As for the accommodation of students, some schools have a limited number of student dormitories, each school has a restaurant and fast-food shops,

43、 but most of them are always operated by outside operators where management are independent of schools. Most of students prefer to share a flat and live outside. So their dinner and lodging almost have no relationship with the school.   3.6 The differences between public and private school

44、sThere are more than 1500 public school of higher learning and more than 1600 private institutions in American. Both the public and private schools have a good reputation and high quality of the university. Very few Americans judge the quality not from the perspective of public and private schools,

45、but from their teachers, courses and history. However, many Chinese believe that private schools can be unmatched with the public schools, and they are belittling or making an exclusion of private schools in heart. In private schools, Chinese people indeed should learn from the Americans, abandon th

46、e prejudice and make a correct and fair assessment for private schools.4 The difference of reform measures4.1 American reform measuresCurrently, American progress in the field of technology and knowledge occupies about 80 percent. The data is higher than one of the developed countries in Europe. Ins

47、titutions of higher education should make indelible contribution to such a data. To meet the challenges of the 21st century, since the mid-1990s, the United States accelerates the reform of higher education systems which aimed at improving the quality of teaching and management efficiency and make g

48、reater contribution to the development of community and economy.Unprecedented expansion of social function of American University has become the power source for social development and progress. Therefore, the United States government policy-makers set off a new round of the 21st century-oriented re

49、form of higher education to promote the development of higher education as a national goal of the important strategic initiatives. In the 21st century, the key point of American higher education reform is to achieve universal higher education and make all over 18-year-old American youth have access

50、to higher education.The overall idea of American Education reform is to build a higher education system which adapt to times demands. The most important measure is the reform of basic education and secondary education, the aim of idea is to meet the demand of adapting to the multiple reforms in futu

51、re. To implement a strategic goal of universal higher education, the United States took a number of very innovative reform measures based on a substantial increase for education. These reform measures include: (1) implement small class teaching; (2) strengthen bilingual teaching, make college gradua

52、tes more competitive and more adaptable; (3) improve the quality of teachers; in the system of employing teachers, schools take measures to employ formal teacher and informal teacher. In teaching methodology, teachers must adopt the modern teaching methods with integration of traditional media and m

53、odern media together for teaching.4.2 Chinese reform measuresRegarding the quality education as the most important thing, China's higher education implements the strategy of sustainable development, broaden the area of knowledge base, promote the integration of cross-disciplinary and connection

54、between schools and society. Such a style aims at cultivating talents with a strong sense of pioneering spirit, self-confidence, originality and boldly challenging the authority. China has been adhering to the reform of higher education for a long time. The most notable effect from the college merge

55、r is improvement of teaching effect. The College merger resolves some problems from the current teaching system uncoordinated with the international trend of socialization and market and enables educational resources to promote the effective allocation. The second measure is to set up the college co

56、urses in a market-oriented direction and adapt to the needs of society. Now in many school curriculas is diverse, the initiative measures  are taken to meet the needs of the market, at the same time a number of professionals closely related to social life are set up. The third initiative measur

57、e is based on the target of student-oriented.Since the 20th century, China's higher education emphasized the training of personnel ability, including the ability of acquiring knowledge, ability of analysis and problem-solving, ability of creating and certain organizational ability. At the same t

58、ime the concept of quality education is put forward, which emphasizes the ideological and moral qualities, cultural quality, physical and mental quality. As a main part, students are not only the educated ones, but also participants of education.5 The quality and ability of graduates between China a

59、nd America5.1 The contrast of actual talents fosteredIn actual talent fostered, the ability of adapting to society from American students was stronger than the Chinese Students. There are more and more opportunities to participate in social activities. Almost all the students have the experience of working outside. At the same time, civic education, campus cultural a