中考英语语法专题-代词(绝对经典)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上代词考点解析：1. 人称代词主格和宾格的选择2. 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别和选用3. 反身代词词组以及单复数形式4. 指示代词的用法5. 不定代词的辨析（重难点）6. 疑问代词的选用7. it的用法代词是代替名词的词类。主要有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、和关系代词、相互代词。一、 人称代词含义：指代“你、我、他等”人称的代词。如下表：单数复数主格宾格主格宾格我I Me我们Weus你youYou你们Youyou她sheHer她们Theythem他heHim他们Theythem它itIt它们theythem用法1. 主格作主语

2、中文举例：我是一个学生。让学生用英语试着说 Im a student. 再次强化：你是一个老师。 You are a teacher. 2. 宾格做谓语动词和介词的宾语Let me help you/ listen to me carefully.注意：人称代词宾格做短语动词的宾语时的两种结构： 动词+介词+宾语 如：look for it（与look有关的皆是如此，如look at/after/into/like） 动词+宾语+副词 如：put it away（与put有关的大多如此，如put it up/off）3. 作表语。通常要用宾格Who is knocking at the doo

3、r? Its me.中考演练场：Look, thats Mike, your classmate. -Yes, Lets go and say hello to_.A. himB. heC. herD. hers解析：答案A. mike是男名，排除C、D，to是介词，后面应该跟宾格，所以选A。二、 物主代词含义：表示某个人或者某物属于某人所有的代词。即：我的、你的、他们的等词。引导：先写出我的，你的，她的，然后让学生跟着写单数复数形容词性名词性形容词性名词性我的myMine我们的ourOurs你的yourYours你们的yourYours她的herHers她们的theirTheirs他的his

4、His他们的theirTheirs它的itsIts它们的theirTheirs总结规律：1）名词性物主代词一般在形容词性物主代词后加s 2）已经有了s 的不再加，保持原形。his-his, its-its 3）特殊的my-mine用法：1. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，不能单独使用，后边必须跟名词。如：我的钢笔 my pen.Their room is on the second floor.2. 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词，作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Its not your book, its mine. Mine= my bookYou may us

5、e my umbrella. Ill use hers. Hers= her umbrella3. of+名词性物主代词可以做定语，形成名词的双重所有格如：a friend of mine（mine=my friends, 避免重复）延伸：She is a friend of my mothers.()=she is one of my mothers friends（强调她是妈妈的所有朋友中的一个，of在这里相当于数学中的属于符号，即she是一个个体，包含在妈妈的朋友这个整体中） She is a friend of my mother. (X)（如果要强调她是我妈妈的朋友，应该直接说she

6、 is my mothers friend.） 中考演练场：Excuse me, are these _ books?No, they are _ .A. your; her B. his; hers C. yours; her D. yours; she解析：答案B。用代入法，第一句后面跟了books所以要选形容词性物主代词，从A/B中选，第二句中后面无名次，应选名词性物主代词，故选B.三、 反身代词汉语释义：如我自己、你自己、他自己等。构成：第一二人称：形容词性物主代词+self/selves 第三人称：人称代词宾格+ self/selves构成形式是一个易混点，故引导学生按照上述规律写出

7、下表：人 称单 数复 数第一人称MyselfOurselves第二人称YourselfYourselves第三人称himselfherselfitselfThemselves用法：反身代词通常和一些动词或介词连用构成词组，如专心-专注-专业enjoy oneself玩的愉快by oneself单独地，独自 learn. . by oneself自学teach oneself 自修help yourself to随便吃for oneself 为自己dress oneself 穿衣服come to oneself苏醒中考演练场：Is this model plane yours, Susan? -

8、Yes, its mine. Its made by_.A. myself B. yourselfC. himselfD. herself解析：选A。根据题意，是我自己亲自做的，故选A。四、 指示代词汉语释义：指示人或物的一类代词，即这个、那个；这些、那些。this, that, these, those近指：this/these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人远指：that/those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人This is my sister.这是我姐姐。（介绍的时候姐姐就在身边）Who is that girl? 那是我的书。（那个女孩不在说话双方旁边）These are my

9、 friends.这些是我朋友。（朋友就在说话人身边）1. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物，例如：I was ill. Thats why I didnt come.（划线部分即为前文）What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English.（划线部分下文）2. 有时为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前文所提事物， 常用语比较级中，表示同等东西的比较。The weather in Chongqing is hotter t

10、han that of Chengdu.（that=the weather）The population of China is larger than that of the United States. ( that=the population)3. this 在电话用语中介绍自己，that 询问对方。例如：Hello! This is Jim. Is that Jack speaking?五、不定代词（来替代任何不定数量或范围的人和事物词）1.one, that 和it 1）one代替泛指的单数名词, 指被替代名词的同类中的一个，相当于a(an)+单数名词。它所替代的名词常有：不定冠词

11、a(an)+形容词，this/that, any, some等修饰。ones是one的复数，反身代词是oneself，物主代词ones。I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。 2）that特指前面提到的单数名词或不可数名词，相当于the+单数名词或不可数名词。that和被替代名词并非指同一事物，而是指同类事物；多用于事物的比较，避免重复。The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。3）it表示特指，代替上文提

12、到的原文、原物，指的是同一事物 I cant find my hat. I don t know where I put it.( 同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了2. some, any1)都做主语、宾语和定语。Some常用在肯定句中，any常用在疑问句和否定句中I need some paper. Have you got any?2) any用于肯定句，表示强调，意任何I dont like any milk.3)Some也可用于疑问句中，表示请求、建议或表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答Would you like some coffee?3. many, much, (a)

13、 few, (a) littlemany/a few/few可数名词much/a little/little+不可数名词1)用作形容词 含义用法表示肯定表示否定用于可数名词a few虽少，但有几个few不多，几乎没有用于不可数名词a little，虽少，但有一点little不多，没有什么Im going to buy a few apples.He can speak only a little Chinese.He has few friends.They had little money with them.2)a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微

14、”，little表示“很少”。Im a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)She slept very little last night.4. another, other(s), the other(s) 1) the other / anothera)another表别的，另一个，泛指众多中的一个，一般后面接单数名词，前不加定冠词 This book is too difficult for me. Will y

15、ou please give me another one?b)the other表示两个中的一个，常与one连用，onethe otherI have two pencils. One is red, the other is blue.2)other+名词=others(别的) Some are listening to the radio. Others are watching TV.3)the other+名词=the others(其余的，相当于the rest)Some of the students are from the north. The others (=the ot

16、her students) are from the south.4） a) another +数词+ 名词 = 数词+ other（more）+ 名词Would you like three other (more) apples?= would you like another three apples?5. every和each的用法，都是每一个的意思，形式上都是单数1) every只能作定语，而each兼有形容词和名词的作用，可作主定宾和同位语2) each指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个，every指三个或三个以上的人或物中的一个3) each强调个体，every强调整体Every

17、student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.4)each与not连用表示全部否定，every与not连用表示部分否定Each pen is not good here.这里的每支笔都不好用。（全否）Not every boy likes it=Every boy doesnt like it. 不是所有的男孩都喜欢足球。（半否）5)each可和of直接连用，构成each of而every不能直接跟of连用，但是可以every+N+ofEach of the students.() Ever

18、y of the students(X) Every student of()6. both, all, neither, none, either, any都任何（之一）都不两者Botheitherneither三者（以上）Allanynonea) both表两者都，all表示三者以上都。可单独用，也可both/all+the+名词。也可加of.Both (of) the two sisters like Taylor Swift.All (of) the students need help.Both are ok.All is the well with her.b) Neither o

19、f是对both的完全否定，谓语用单数，none （of）是对all的完全否定，谓语动词可单可复。Both the two sisters like Taylor Swift（否定）neither of the two sisters likes Taylor SwiftAll the students need help（否定）none of the students need help.c) none表特指概念，既可指人，也可指物，代替上文中的可数名词或不可数名词。作主语时要和of连用，其后谓语动词可用单数也可以用复数:None of us have (has) seen the film.

20、试比较：Did any one of my classmates come here? 我的同班同学来过这里吗？None. 没有（有范围“班”）Did anyone come here? 有人来过这儿吗？No one.没有（泛指，没有范围）d) eitheror;或者或者neithernor.既不也不谓语动词就近原则Neither the boys nor Olivia eats mushrooms.e) Either(of),两者之一；any (of),三者之一Either of the sisters is going to dance.Any of the students will g

21、et an apple.7. a lot of, lots of, a number of, large numbers of, a great deal of, plenty ofa lot of/ lots of /plenty of+可数/不可数many/a number of/large numbers of+可数名词复数much/a great deal of+不可数名词A lot of people think that time is money.I dont have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.I hav

22、e a number of letters to write today.注意：many a student likes English.=many students like English.8. none, no one, nobody, nothing.None既指人又指物，后面可跟of 短语,作主语时谓语用可单可复；no one只能指人，不能of。nobody 也只能指人，但可以跟of. nothing只能指物，还可以在口语中用its nothing表示没关系。No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.Nobody handed in

23、his/their composition(s) yesterday.None of my friends came to see me that day.8、 复合不定代词由some, any, no, every, 加上body, thing, one构成的如somebody, something, anything, nothing, everything, everybody等词,叫做复合不定代词1）在句子中当单数使用。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如：Hey, Lily. There is someone outside the door. There is someth

24、ing important for you.2）somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody, anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。Someone is looking for you.He doesnt like anything made in Japan.Is there anyone in the room?3）有时something可以一般疑问句中Would you like something to drink?六、相互代词each other、one another汉语释义：表示相互关系的代词1.

25、each other一般指两个人或物作宾语，one another一般指两个以上的人或物We didnt know each other at that time. （指说话人加另一人，共两者）We should help one another in the class.（班上不只两个人）2. each others 和one anothers彼此的，作定语They have met each others parents.他们已经见过彼此的父母。The students corrected one anothers mistakes in their homework.学生相互改作业中的错

26、误。七、疑问代词疑问代词可以用一个表格总结出.疑问代词主要用法例句Who作主语、表语、宾语（作宾语时在口语中不能用在介词后）Who is on duty today?Whomwho的宾格形式，作宾语With whom did you go shopping?Whosewho的所有格形式，作表语、定语Whose hat is red?Whatwhowhat询问某人职业-Whats your mother?-She is a teacher.who询问某人身份、姓名-Who is that girl?-She is Anna.Whatwhichwhat指不定数目中的哪一个、哪一些、什么，无范围限定

27、What color do you like?which哪一个，指在一定范围内特指的人或物Which color do you like better, red or green?八、it 的用法1. 指代前文提到的事物Is this book yours? Not, Its Toms.(it=this book)2. 代替指示代词this和thatWhats that? Its a clock.3. 指代婴儿或不明身份的人Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is.4. 只待时间或季节Whats the time

28、now? its 18:40.5. 指代天气Whats the weather like today? Its sunny.6. 指代距离How far is it from your home to school?7. 用作形式主语，常用句型如下1) it is +adj+(for sb) to do sthIts useful for us to learn English.2) Its time to do/for/thatIts time to have lunch.3) It seems that看起来好像（似乎）It seems that you dont like the foo

29、d.4) Its ones turn to do sth.Its your turn to clean the room.5) Its +adj +thatIts strange that he didnt go to school yesterday.8. 用在think，find，consider之后作形式宾语I find it interesting to play football.9. 用于强调句型中Its she who brought your dictionary to school.2011中考试题精选 1. Im talking to you, Jack. Please l

30、isten to carefully.A. me B. mine C. you D. yours2. I knocked on the door but answered.A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody3. I have two children, and of them are working in the west of China.Aall B. both C. neither D. either4. -Is this ruler?-No. is over there.A. her; Her B. her; Hers C. he

31、rs; Hers D. hers; Her5. - _ bike is this?- I think it petersA. WhoB. WhichC. WhoseD. What6. Most of the work was done by my sister and_.A. me B. I C. my D. Mine7. -Will you take part in the English speech competition tomorrow?-Sure. I see it as a chance to prove .A. myself B. me C. yourself D. you 8

32、. May I have a talk with you, sir? Ive got important to tell you. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything9. -Im hungry, is there any bread in the fridge? -_but we have cakes. Would you like to have one?A. Some B. Much C. None D. Nothing10. Helen and Mary are good friends. _often help each

33、other.A. Them B. Theirs C. They D. Their11. -How do you usually come to school, by bus or by bike? -_. I walk.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. Any12. -Here are three books on history. Which one would like to borrow? -_. You see, Im interested in history these days.A. All B. None C. Both D. Each13. -W

34、hich club would you like to join, art club or basketball club?-_ is OK. Im good at them.A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. All14. Peter tried on three jackets, but _ of them fitted him.A. all B. both C. none D. neither15. Did you see Peter and Mike? No, I saw _of them.A. neither B. either C. both D. no

35、ne16. -The teachers in that school speak either English or French, or even _. -Thats so cool!A. all B. both C. neither D. none17. Take care of _. You dont want to catch a cold.A. you B. yours C. yourself18. -Lily, please put your school things in your bag. -But those books are not _, they are Toms.

36、A. I B. my C. mine19. -Mom, Bill is coming to dinner this evening. -OK. Lets give him _ to eat.A. anything different B. different anything C. something different D. different something20. Now Old Henry is very sad, so he doesnt want to do _. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything21. -Yest

37、erday I lost my pencil sharpener. I couldnt find_. -Oh, its a pity. Youd better buy _ this afternoon.A. it; it B. it; one C. one; it D. one; one22. Parents care about childrens education more than anything else. A. theirB. themC. theirs23. -What are _ teachers doing? -They are having a meeting.A. th

38、is B. that C. those24. - Can you cook by_? -Yes, I can cook wellA. you B. yours C .yourself25. All of us find necessary to take exercise every day.A. this B. that C. them D. it26. -_is your husband?-A cook. He works in a restaurant near our home.A. What B. Where C. How D. Which27. -Help to some frui

39、ts.-Thank you .A. yourself B. your C. You28. -Can you speak English, Mr Wang？-Yes, but onlyA. little B. a little C. a lot29. I have two brothers. One is a teacher, _ is a doctor.A. another B. other C. others D. the other 30. -There is still a copy of this book in the library. Will you go and borrow_

40、? -No, I will buy _in the bookstore.A. one; it B. one; one C. it; one D. it; it31. -Oh, the traffic is so heavy. -Lets change _ route to the airport. A. other B. others C. the other D. another32. -Do you know Li Na?-Of course. Shes a great tennis player_ comes from Hubei, China.A. who B. what C. whi

41、ch33. -Are these books _.？-No. they are not mine. They belong to _.A. your, her B. yours, her C. you, hers D. yours, she34. I dont like _of the sweaters. Please show me a third one.A. both B. either C. one D. all35. I need a dictionary. Who has got _?A. oneB. itC. thatD. this36. -There is no salt le

42、ft. Jim, would you like to get _? -OK, Mum!A. it B. one C. some D. any37. _you do, dont miss this exhibition, for its so hard for me to get the tickets. A. Whatever B. However C. Whenever D. Whether 38. A smile costs nothing, but gives so _.A. littleB. fewC. manyD. much39. I have two cats. One is black, and _ is white.A. anotherB. someC. otherD. the other40. Work hard at English. _ is di