高一英语基础词法和句法

1、词性，成分和句型词性，成分和句型： 可以单独作成分可以单独作成分1.名词（名词（ oun） 可数名词可数名词 /C/ n. 不可数名词不可数名词 /U/ n. 2.代词（代词（oun） 行为动词行为动词 及物动词及物动词 不及物动词不及物动词 系动词系动词 完全系动词完全系动词3.动词（动词（ erb） 半系动词半系动词 助动词助动词 情态动词情态动词 feel, taste,looksmell, sound 2. keep,stay, remain 3. become, get, turn, grow, go 等等 4. seem, appear词类词类4. 形容词（形容词（ective）

2、5. 副词（副词（erb）6. 数词（数词（eral） 基数词基数词 序数词序数词 ： 冠词（冠词（icle) ,a/an, the 2. 介词（介词（）, 如：如：on, at, in等；等； 3. 连词（连词（unction），）， 如：如：and, but等；等； 4. 感叹词（感叹词（jection），如：），如： Oh!Ah!等。等。 句子成分句子成分主谓宾表主谓宾表定状补定状补同位语同位语1. 1. I like English and so does Tom. Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.What he said upset

3、me.主语主语表示所说的对象是表示所说的对象是“谁谁”或者是或者是“什么什么”.主语一般由主语一般由名词、代词名词、代词或相当于名词的词或相当于名词的词,如短语如短语doing, to do或从句充当。或从句充当。2. 2. Nobody knows him. The rich are not always happy. I am getting off at the next station. Will you have to go tomorrow?I wonder if it is because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long

4、 that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 谓语谓语位置一般在主语之后，说明主语的位置一般在主语之后，说明主语的动作动作或或状态状态。谓语只能由动词或动词短语充谓语只能由动词或动词短语充当当。3. We love our motherland. He gave up smoking last year. Do you understand what I mean? You need to think more in your studies. 宾语宾语宾语是宾语是及物动词及物动词所表示的动作的所表示的动作的对象对象，

5、或或介词介词所支配的所支配的对象对象。名词、代词。名词、代词（宾格）、数词或相当于名词的词、（宾格）、数词或相当于名词的词、如如doing, to do或其他短语或从句都或其他短语或从句都可以作宾语。可以作宾语。4. 4. That sounds good.He became angry.My dream has come true.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.This is where he lives. 表语表语表语放在系动词表语放在系动词(be(be等等) )之后，用来说明之后，用来说明主主语的特征、性质、身份或状态语的特征、性质、身

6、份或状态等。名词、等。名词、形容词、副词、代词、分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、代词、分词、动词不定式、动名词、介词短语或从句都可以用作表语。动名词、介词短语或从句都可以用作表语。5 5You are hard-working students. a woman driver , a swimming pool a seven-day holiday , something new a man named Chuck Noland We should have someone to care about. Who is the boy in the hat?Machines were made

7、 which used this kind of power. 定语定语 主要由形容词或与之相当的其他词类，如主要由形容词或与之相当的其他词类，如非谓语动非谓语动i i才或其他短语或从句充当。定语用才或其他短语或从句充当。定语用来来修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词. .6.6. They are working very hard. Surely, we will help you. He was reading yesterday afternoon. Unless he studies hard, he wont make progress. .状语状语 主要由副词，或与之相当的其他词类，主要

8、由副词，或与之相当的其他词类，如非谓语动词或介词短语或从句充当。状如非谓语动词或介词短语或从句充当。状语用来语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。子。The bad news made us upset.We call her Jenny.They found him out.Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.7.7.补语补语补充说明主语或宾语。由形容词，名词，补充说明主语或宾语。由形容词，名词，代词，数词等充当。代词，数词等充当。 This is Miss Huang, our English teacher. She herse

9、lf said so. Are you two ready? These desks are made for us students. The news that our team won the game makes us happy.8. 8. 同位语同位语对前面名词或代词做进一步解释说明。对前面名词或代词做进一步解释说明。由名词，数词，代词或从句充当。由名词，数词，代词或从句充当。to forA. 只包含一个主谓结构只包含一个主谓结构 Mary opened the door. B. 两个并列主语和一个谓语两个并列主语和一个谓语 Steve and his friend are com

10、ing to dinner. C. 一个主语和并列谓语一个主语和并列谓语 Mary opened the door and greeted the guests.D.两个并列主语和两个并列谓语两个并列主语和两个并列谓语 Mary and Steve went to the shop, bought some fruit and visited their friend. 1. I turned on the TV. We watched it. I turned on the TV and we watched it. 2. He made a promise. He didnt keep i

11、t He made a promise, but he didnt keep it. and (2) 但是但是 ,而是而是 but / yet/ and yet 然而，而，而且然而，而，而且 while (3) 就在这个时候就在这个时候 when (4) 或者或者,还是还是 or (5) 否则否则 or / or else / otherwise (6) 因为因为 for (7) 因此，所以因此，所以 so (8) bothand; neither nornot only but also ; eitheror Not only is he interested in football but

12、 also his parents are beginning to show interest in it. Either you leave the room or I call the police. 用合适的词填空：用合适的词填空： He is a hard- working student, _we neednt make him study. 2. The day breaks, _the birds are singing. 3. When mother came back, she found I was watching TV _ my younger sister was

13、doing cleaning. 4. One day Chuck Noland was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean _his plane crashed. 1.5. Study hard _you will fail to pass the exam. soforwhilewhenor 1. He has two children. They are students. 2. He has two children ; they are students. 3. He has two children and they are students.

14、4. Because he studies very hard, he does well in his class. 5. He has two children who are students.I wonder if you could give me a hand.。从句主句 Anne wished she could tell people everything that she had gone through in the concentration camp（集中营）（集中营）.复合句中，主句只有一个，从句可以复合句中，主句只有一个，从句可以有有n个个 . ( n 1 )She

15、 said that she was unhappy and that she would tell my manager about this.2）vI hope that everything is all right.vShe was reading the newspaper when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best of all.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从定语从句句vIt is such a big box that nobody can move it. vHe didnt come yesterday because

16、 he was ill. vIll give the letter to him when I see him. vWell go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow. vAlthough the place is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the time.He has found out .She was late. (why)I still remember the day .I first came to Beijing on that day.(when)I still rememb

17、er the day when I first came to Beijing.He has found out why she was late.1. My roommate was sleeping, we didnt want to wake her up.改正：改正：My roommate was sleeping .We didnt want to wake her up.My roommate was sleeping, so we didnt want to wake her up.2. I went to bed Because I was tired.改正：改正： I wen

18、t to bed because I was tired.1.Ill give the letter to him .I see him.(时间时间)2.He didnt come yesterday .He was ill. (原因原因)3.It is such a big box .Nobody can move it.(结果结果)4.Well go to the great wall .Its fine tomorrow. (条件条件)5.We should not go there all the time. The place is quite pleasant.(让步让步)1. With autumn _, the weather becomes colder and colder.2. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 3