人教版必修五UNIT2重点知识解析

1、 A silent tongue and true heart are the most admirable things on earth.缄默的嘴，真诚的心，是世界上最令人赞美的东西。Step1.语法 非谓语动词第一部分 考点精讲精练考点1：谓语和非谓语在英语中，一个主谓结构中只能有一个谓语，再出现动词时，要变成非谓语形式。 例如：e.g. Singing the song, we go to the classroom.非谓语就是不能单独作谓语，但同时仍然保留动词某些特征的动词形式。 英语中非谓语动词包括：动名词，现在分词，过去分词和动词不定式。无论它们在句中作什么成分，他们都保持着自己

2、本身的属性特点。一、动名词：具有名词功能，常在句中作：主语，宾语，表语，定语。 e.g.Smoking does great harm to peoples health. (作主语） I have finished reading the novel. (作宾语） My job is looking after children. （作表语） We have got a swimming pool in our school. （作定语）二、现在分词: 表主动和正在进行, 常在句中作：定语，表语，状语，宾语补足语。 e.g.Do you know the woman talking to T

3、om? （作定语） The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. （作表语） Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. （作状语） He kept the car waiting at the gate. （作宾语补足语）三、过去分词：被动和完成，常在句中作：定语，表语，状语，宾语补足语； e.g.The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor. （作定语） The window is broken. (作表语） Filled wi

4、th hopes and fears, he entered the cave. （作状语） I heard the song sung several times last week. （作宾语补足语）四、动词不定式：表将来具体某一次，常在句中作； 主语；宾语，表语，状语，宾语补足语等。 e.g.To study English is important. (作主语） I find it difficult to speak English fluently. （作宾语） What he wanted to do was to become a skillful worker. （作表语）

5、We went there to see our grandparents. （作状语） The doctor advised her not to eat too much sugar. （作宾语补足语）第1讲过去分词作定语 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词，形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语，表语，宾语补足语或状语。考点1. 过去分词作定语1. 过去分词作定语的位置1） 单个过去分词：一般情况下。单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调，也可放在所修饰词之后。A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。（谚语）Mone

6、y spent is more than money earned。 花的钱比挣的钱多。2） 过去分词短语：过去分词短语往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后。This will be the best novel of its kind of ever written. 这部小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。This is the soldier wounded in the battle. 这就是战斗中受伤的战士。真题链接After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _B_. A. pro

7、viding B. provided C. have provided D. provide2. 过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义1） 及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受着，且该动作已经完成。The question discussed yesterday. 昨天讨论的那个问题。The person killed last year. 去年被杀的那个人。2） 不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。Autumn comes, and there are many fallen leaves in the yard. 秋天来了，院子里有

8、许多落叶。When I got up and went into the yard, I saw the risen sun. 当我起床并走进院子时，我看到太阳已经升起来了。真题链接“Its such a nice place,”Mother said as she sat at the table _D_for customers. A. to be reserved B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved3. 过去分词作定语与现在分词/不定式作定语的区别现在分词作定语表示主动和动作正在进行；过去分词作定语表示被动和动作已经完成；不定式作定语时

9、有两种情况：1.)与其所修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，2.) 相当于一个定语从句，表明动作即将发生。China is a developing country, not a developed country. 中国是一个发展中国家，而不是一个发达国家。He is a pleasant fellow to work with. 他是一个很好共事的人。The man to come our assistant id Mike. 要来帮助我们的人是迈克。真题链接1. The players _C_from the whole country are expected to bring us hono

10、r in this summer game. A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected2. Recently a survey _B_prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared第二讲过去分词作表语考点1. 过去分词作表语1. 过去分词作表语时位于系动词（如：be, ge

11、t, become, look, feel, seem 等）之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性，因此有相当一部分过去分词已经转化成了形容词。I am pleased with the result of the experiment. 我对实验结果很满意。真题链接In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained _B_abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck 2. 过去分词作表语时的注意事项1.

12、) 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受着，强调动作。The cup is broken. （强调杯子的状态）The cup was broken by Jim. (强调“打破”的动作）2. ）过去分词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：过去分词多表示自身的感受或事物本身的状态，常译作“感到.的”；现在分词多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人.的”。He became discouraged. 他变得灰心丧气。The situation proves encouraging. 事实证明形势是令人振奋的。真题链接Tom sounds very much _A_in

13、the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it. A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. Interestedly语法精炼用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1. All of them looked very surprised (surprise) at the surprising (surprise) news.2. The bridge built (build) last month needs repairing.3. The exam to be held (hold) ne

14、xt week is quite important.4. The old man seated (seat) under the tree is from a foreign country.5. We must tell the people frightened (frighten) by the disease the good news as soon as possible. 6. Do you like to read the novel _written_(write) by Han Han?7. When I came in, my aunt and my uncle rem

15、ained _seated_(seat) on the chair,silent.8. My brother became _interested_(interest) in animals when he was very young.9. The money _raised_(raise) will be sent to the earthquake survivors.10. The dog _barking_(bark) at the door is Toms dog.第3讲过去分词作宾语补足语及物动词的过去分词作宾补可表示被动和完成，宾语通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。不及物动词

16、的过去分词作宾语补足语只表示动作已完成。考点1. 过去分词作宾语补足语的用法1. 过去分词用于feel，find，hear，notice，see，smell，observe等感官动词后作宾补。He didnt notice his wallet stolen. 他没注意到他的钱包被偷了。When we got to school, we saw the door locked. 当我们到学校时，我们看到门被锁上了。2. 过去分词用于get, have, make, keep,leave,order等使役动词后作宾补。They are going to have the entrance hal

17、l painted white. 他们准备让人把门厅粉刷成白色的。3. 过去分词用于with复合结构中作宾补。The outside sight looks beautiful with everything covered with snow. 屋外景色迷人，白雪覆盖着大地。真题链接1. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _C_as much as we can. A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak 2. Before driving int

18、o the city, you are required to get your car _A_. A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash考点2. 过去分词/现在分词/不定式作宾语补足语的区别1. 过去分词作宾补可表示被动和动作已完成。I saw her taken out of the classroom. 我看见她被人从教室带了出去。He felt himself seized by a strong arm from behind. 他感到后面有一只强有力的手把他抓住了。2. 现在分词作宾补可表示主动和动作正在进行。I saw her coming

19、 into the classroom. 我看见她正进入教室。When I cane in, I found him lying in bed. 我进来时发现他躺在床上。3. 不定式作宾补感官动词后作宾补的不定式强调动作发生的全过程，不定式不带to，但当宾补变成主补时，要带上to。I saw her come into the classroom. 我看见她进入教室了。（强调进入这一动作发生的全过程）真题链接1. My parents have always made me _D_about myself, even when I was twelve.A. feeling well B. f

20、eeling good C. feel well D. feel good 2. Listen! Do you hear someone _A_for help?A. calling B. call C. to call D. called 语法精炼用所给词的适当形式填空1. The speaker raised her voice to make herself _heared_(hear).2. I saw them _played_(play) football when I passed by.3. They kept the door _locked_(lock) for a lon

21、g time. 4. We can hear the windows _beaten_(beat) by the rain drops.5. We must get the work _finished_(finish) by 10 oclock.6. They found their new bikes _stolen_(steal).7. With her finger _pointing _(point) to the broken vase, my mother asked me, “Who did that?”8. The villagers had many trees _plan

22、ted_(plant) then. 9. They made us _work_(work) from morning till night.10. With everything he needed _bought_(buy), he went home by bike. Step2.词汇 重点词汇精讲重点单词17 / 17consist vi. 组成；在于；一致attract vt. 吸引；引起注意plus prep. 加上；和 adj. 加的；正的；零上的arrange vt. 筹备；安排；整理fold vt. 折叠；对折delight n. 快乐；高兴；喜悦vt. 使高兴；使欣喜 重点

23、短语take the place of 代替break down (机器)损坏；破坏consist of 由组成divideinto 把分成break away (from) 挣脱（束缚）；脱离to ones credit 为带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在名下重点词汇精讲1. convenience n.便利;方便联想拓展inconvenience n. 不方便convenient adj. 便利的;适宜的conveniently adv. 便利地，方便地常用结构：at ones convenience 在某人方便的时候for ones convenience(of) 为了某人的方便for conve

24、niences sake 为了方便起见make a convenience of 利用We bought this house for its convenience.我们买下这所房子是为了方便。Please come at your convenience.请在你方便的时候来。Gas is one of the conveniences the newlybuilt apartment building provides.这幢新造的公寓大楼装有煤气等设备。高手过招 （1）单项填空Come and see me whenever . （2010·01·江苏南京检测）A. y

25、ou are convenient B. you will be convenientC. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you（2） 翻译句子 你如果方便就来看看我。_.你明天方便开始工作吗?_.解析：(1) 选C。convenient的主语不可以是人，排除A、B两项。whenever引导的是时间状语从句，其谓语动词要用一般现在时，不可以用一般将来时。(2)Come and see me if it is convenient to you.Will it be convenient for you to start

26、work tomorrow?2. arrange v. 安排；排列；协商常用结构：arrange for 安排,准备arrange with sb. about sth. 与某人商定某事The child was required to arrange his shoes in a neat row by his parents.家长要求这个小孩把鞋放成整齐的一排。He was arranged by his family to marry a girl of his own class.他家里安排他娶一个门当户对的女孩。高手过招 翻译句子 你得在会议开始前把书架上的书整理好。_他们在秘密地为

27、一场盛大的婚礼做准备。_答案：You should finish arranging the books on the shelves before the meeting. They are arranging for a big wedding secretly.3. delight n. 快乐;高兴;喜悦 vt.使高兴； 使欣喜常用结构:take/find/have delight in 喜爱;以为乐to ones delight 令某人高兴的是delight in 嗜好；因感到快乐Sometimes an old movie can still delight the people w

28、ho have a sweet memory for the old days.有时一部旧片仍能给怀念旧时光的人们带来喜悦。The movie Xi Yangyang & Hui Tailang gave delight to millions of children.电影喜羊羊与灰太郎使千万小朋友获得快乐。高手过招 单项填空 , the bookseller gave him something else as a present. A. To the boys delight B. To the boys surprisingC. To the boys sadness D. To

29、 make the boys happy 解析：(1) 选A。考查固定搭配。to ones delight意为“使某人高兴的是”，常用的名词有surprise, excitement, disappointment, joy等。4. debate vi.& n.辩论；讨论常用结构：debate with sb.about/over/on/upon sth.与某人辩论某事under debate 在辩论中open a debate 开始辩论易混辨析debate/arguedebate指各自陈述理由，强调公正、公开，气氛较为激烈。argue意为“说理；争论”，通常指提出理由来支持自己的观点

30、，并企图说服别人，着重使用说理的方式来论证主张。After much debate，we decided to move to Beijing.我们经过充分讨论后决定迁往北京。They debated about the proposal for three days.他们为那项计划争论了三天。I debated the idea in my mind until I feel asleep.我入睡前一直在思考这个问题。After a long debate the bill was passed in Congress.经过长时间的辩论后，议案在国会获得通过。（1）完成句子（原创） (他们正

31、在讨论)_whether to go to the mountain or go to the seaside.（2）翻译句子The debate was launched by the Government._.答案：(1)They are debating(2)这场争论是由政府发起的。5. influence n. 影响，有影响的人(或事) vt. 影响，改变常用结构：have an influence on/upon/over. 对有影响under the influence of 受到的影响易混辨析influence/affect/effectinfluence指通过说服、举例等对行动

32、、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响。 affect 指产生的影响之大足以引起反应,着重“影响”的动作,有时含有“对产生不利影响”的意思。effect指“实现”、“达成”,着重指“造成”一种特殊的效果。My teachers influence made me study science at college.受我老师的影响，我上大学学了理科。He was influenced by Michelangelo later on.他后来受到米开朗琪罗的影响。 Africas climate is strongly influenced by the continents positio

33、n on the globe.非洲的气候受到它在地球上位置的强烈影响。Fear affects some people by making them powerless to act.由于害怕，有些人束手无策。高手过招 （1）完成句子 Probably we (彼此影响).（2） 用 influence/affect/effect的适当形式填空 This article will my thinking.This book a change in my opinion. by a highschool biology teacher, he took up the study of medic

34、ine.答案：(1)influence each other(2)affect effected Influenced6. available adj.可获得的；可购得的；可找到的常用结构：available to sb. 能够被某人所用/为某人所获得的available for sth. 能够为所用的/能够用于的available to do sth. 能够用于某目的的Tickets are available from the box office.售票处可以买到票。He is not available for the job.他不适合做这个工作。TV sets are availabl

35、e in any department stores.电视机在任何一家百货公司里都能买到。高手过招翻译句子 The swimming pool is available only in summer._Is the manager available for the moment?_答案：这个游泳池只在夏天开放。经理此刻有空吗？7. consist of由组成(用于主动语态)=be made up of联想拓展consist in 主要是；主要在于consist with 与一致/与并存温馨提示以上词组都不能用于被动语态。Our class consisted of fifty student

36、s at that time.当时我们班有50个学生。高手过招用适当的介词填空 The United Nations Organization consists over 160 nations.Our greatest happiness consists serving the people.Health doesnt consist smoking.答案：of in with8. break away (from)突然逃掉或离开；断绝往来；挣脱（束缚）;脱离；改掉(旧习惯)；破除(旧做法)The thief broke away from the policeman. 小偷从警察那里逃脱

37、了。He broke away from all his old friends. 他同所有的老朋友断绝了往来。You must break away from such habits. 你必须改掉那些习惯。联想拓展break down 坏掉；打破break into 闯入；打断(话题)break into pieces 成为碎片break out 爆发break through 突围；突破break up 分解;结束；放假break in 闯入；插话break off 中止；中断高手过招高手过招（1）单项填空News reports say peace talks between the t

38、wo countries _with no agreement reached. A. have broken down B. have broken outC. have broken in D. have broken upHe his engagement just before the wedding. A. broke out B. broke away from C. broke off D. broke up（2） 用适当的介词或副词填空 Thieves broke the house when the couple were watching TV.A quarrel brok

39、e between them.The soldiers broke the enemys defence works.The school has broken for the holidays.Dad would occasionally break with a suggestion.Tom broke the door of our classroom last week.解析：(1)选A。句意为：据报道，两国和平谈判失败,没有达成任何协议。因此，该空应填have broken down,表示“(和平谈判)失败”。选C。考查短语辨析。break off(=cease suddenly,

40、discontinue)突然中断，符合句意“就在婚礼前他解除了婚约”。(2)into out through upin down9. leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑 You have left out the most important word in this sentence.你在这一句中遗漏了最重要的一个单词。Dont leave me out when you invite people to your party.当你邀请人们去参加聚会时，别把我漏掉了。联想拓展leave for 动身到(某处)leave alone 不管；撇下一个人leave aside 搁置leave

41、behind 遗忘；遗留高手过招（1）单项填空The printer has left two lines from this paragraph. A. off B. out C. over D. with （2） 用适当的介词或副词填空 They were left in the wilderness. He was asked to make up the information left by the leader.解析：(1) 选B。考查词组辨析。leave off表示“停止、中断或脱掉”；leave out表示“漏掉， 忘掉，省略”；leave with常表示“把留给”。句意为：印

42、刷的人在这一段中漏掉了两行。(2)aloneout重点句型10. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.没有必要再去争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家。there is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事联想拓展there is no doubt that. 是毫无疑问的there is no possibility that. 是没有可能的theres no point in doing sth. 做没用/没意义Its no good/ no harm/ no use doing sth.做某事没有好处/害处/用处theres no use/no good/ no point（in）doing sth.做某事没有用处/好处/意义It is no wonder that.难怪There is no need to