语法填空题型讲解

1、语法填空专题 知己知彼2014年2月份国家考试中心公布的考试说明宣布从2014年开始，课标高考全国卷也将以语法填空替代使用了几十年之久的单项选择。语法填空是根据德国心理学家的格式塔心理学原理和英语语言学家的语篇分析理论等，从语法的句子结构、语法形式和词法的角度以语篇的形式对学生进行英语能力的考察。这种命题形式将过去以句子为核心的语法单项选择变成以语篇为核心的语法填空。这一改变体现了新课改将英语重点由语法知识到语法技能的转变，以及当今高考英语改革的趋势：突出语篇，强调语篇在英语能力和应用中的重要性。 命题原则1.短文题材：题材多样，或体现文化内涵、文化交往，或给人以启迪等。2.短文长度：约200

2、词，一般不超过12句话，设10个空，句首不设空。3.短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词，此题考查考生在特定语境中语法的分析和运用能力。4.考点设置：只能填一个词的纯空格题：设6-7个小题；用所给的词填空题：设3-4小题。 命题要求1.语法考察：动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。2. 能力考察：1) 的能力2) 的能力3) 的能力4) 能力和 能力等。考点详解动词(谓语/非谓语)给出动词的原形，根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式。1. 填动词形式【找谓】依据“一个英语句子

3、 谓语动词”确定原句中是否拥有谓语。无谓考虑2态（ ）；主谓一致；有谓考虑非谓语形式（ ）。2.动词及动词短语辨析每年必考的考点，主要从以下几个角度来命题：1)习惯性用法。测试语境中动词的 ；测试一些习惯用语中的动词；测试一些系动词。2)下列动词组成的短语：break，carry，come，get，give，go，look，pick，send，set，take，turn。3)英语词组的深层含义挖掘、多种含义拓宽也是当今考题的一个热点。如：go out便可挖掘出以下含义：出去；出国；发出去；贴出去；出去参加社交活动；离家出去工作；压塌；（火）熄灭；过时；死去；消失；辞职；下台；结束；罢工等。（在

4、完形填空中也需多加注意）【例1】Two or three years ago this kind of glasses was a favorite with the children,but now it _ .A. has gone over B. has gone out C. goes by D. is going down【例2】Theyve _ us 150,000 for the house. Shall we take it？A. provided B. supplied C. shown D. offered【例3】To everybodys surprise,the fas

5、hionable young lady _ to be a thief.A.found out B. proved out C. putout D. turned out1. Ms Chen,_(teach) me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present.（广州一模）2. I was certain she would like it because I_(tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. （广州一模） 3.

6、I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he _ (break) his finger. 4.An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that _(encourage) students to study abroad. （茂名二模）5.We must also consider the reaction of the person_(receive) the gift. （广州一模）6

7、. With the problem_(solve), I felt proud of my achievement. .(广州二模)名词主要考查的知识点：名词的用法,语境中词性的判断，词的转化。在语法填空题中常出现给一个提示词要求用它的正确形式填空。掌握知识点：1) 掌握名词 ；与 的关系。2) 熟悉、区别 。如：work 工作，不可数名词；著作 作品，可数；工厂 作坊，可数；工程 工事，可数。3)掌握名词 的表示方法和 的用法。【例4】The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen fro

8、m a _ of 60 miles.A. length B. distance C. way D. space代词主要考查的知识点： 和 的用法， 和 。掌握知识点：1) 指代必须准确无误。2) 在使用 、 、 这三类代词时，要注意它们在句中的人称、单复数及性别与所有格的一致性。3) 疑问代词的用法。4) it，one，that是高考命题锁定的三个代词。(those)【例5】Which of the three ways shall I take to the village？_ way as you please.A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either1. I p

9、atiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax_. （广州二模）2.The little boy pulled_right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it. 3.Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of_were self-funded students,（茂名二模）形容词 &副词主要考

10、查的知识点：形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级，词义比较等。掌握知识点：1) 形容词和副词均属修饰性词类，形容词修饰 ；副词修饰 。2) 两个事物进行比较应用 ，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用 。3) 比较级的 （much，very much，a lot，a great deal，far，by far，even，still，a bit，a little，rather，any，数词，倍数，分数，百分数等）。4) 易混副词的辨析。如：specially /especially/ particularly等。【例6】What do you think of the film we saw last

11、 night？I feel _ that the film is well worth seeing once again？A. strong B. strongly C. hardly D. hard冠词主要考查的知识点： 、 、 和 。掌握知识点：1) 定冠词的用法：特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；普转专有名，习语及乐器。2) 零冠词的几种情况：下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。3) 不定冠词的几种特殊用法：专有名词前用不定冠词，表示“像的一个人或物”。姓名前用不定冠词，表示“某个

12、叫的人”，多指不认识的人。用于某些物质名词前，表示“一种、一份、一阵”等。用于某些抽象名词前，使抽象概念具体化。【例7】Of all the subjects,I like_ history the best because it gives us _ useful knowledge of things in the past.A. the；a B. /；a C. a; the D. a; / 1. But my mood quickly changed when I saw_first question. (广州二模)2. Then I went to the department sto

13、re and bought her_expensive gift box of Sichuan beef.(广州一模)3.Tom,_8yearold boy, entered a hotel coffee shop.（深一模）介词介词为虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，必须同名词、代词、短语、句子构成介词短语，才能充当句子成分。介词短语在句中常作表语、定语、状语和补足语。介词像个“游离体”， 名前动后都可以， 一旦组成“某结构”， 句中成份做一做。 谓语动词不及物，介词拿来用一用。成语、习语常固定， 应用起来有弹性。 1.I was always told that the three Ps,wer

14、e a sure path_ success. (广州二模)4.He showed the public a limited edition four-wheel drive car, which is especially made _ his personal taste. (梅州一模)6.There is no easy way to success_ language learning.连词(从属连词/并列连词)A)引导各种从句的连词叫 。如what, who, which, when,where, whatever, whoever, whichever, whether ,how,

15、 unless, until B)并列句的各种关联词叫 。如and, but, or, though, although, so 1. Many things must be considered such as_ the person is interested in and how old he is. （广州一模）2.My face turned red on hearing_ my mother said. (惠州一模)3. I asked my classmates about her interest_ I made my final decision. (广州一模)4.Tom,

16、an 8yearold boy, entered a hotel coffee shop_ sat at a table.(深一模)情态动词主要考查的知识点：情态动词的 ；情态动词 的用法以“ ”结构等。掌握知识点：1. May/ might/can/could/must+do表对 的推测。2.Must/can/could/may /might（have done）表示对 的推测。3.should/ ought to + have done表示对过去的责备。4.will, shall表示 。5.could/ might/ should +have done表示虚拟语气。5. It is dif

17、ficult for parents of nearly every family to teach their children to be responsible for housework,_ with one of the following suggestions, you really can get your children to help at home.（深圳罗湖）【例8】Summer Holiday is drawing near. Are you going home for the holiday？I havent decided yet. I _ go home,b

18、ut it depends on the weather.A. must B. need C. may D. will挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语此功能于关联词相似。只是这种副词（短语）在用法上更加灵活多变。典型的有though, however, also, therefore, still, besides, in addition, instead, or ,otherwise，first, second, then, finally, in a word等等。1.This,_, didnt bother me because maths had always been my st

19、rongest subject. 词形变化或者词性变化给出单词的原形，通过句子分析，缺少什么成分，再用正确的单词形式补充完整。这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。2.Dont always scold and give lots of praise_. （深圳罗湖）1. Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my_(appreciate) I decided to get her a present. (广州一模)2. _(fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10

20、 minutes to complete the rest. 3.Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit_(patience). （深一模）特殊句型（或固定短语）考查对固定结构（短语）的熟悉掌握程度。属于字词层面考查语法。4.“Thirty-five cents,” she said_(rude). （深一模）1.It was not long_the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table.2._was o

21、nly after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG! 3.So careless was I_I had forgotten all about that. （深二模）4."as a matter of_, you have done well and made great achievement(惠州一模)5.When Carettson, 29, a passenger, was trying to bring_Nicole's life（汕头二模）三大从句（n./adj./adv.）定

22、语从句引导定语从句的 的选择；非限制性定语从句；由 whose，where，when，that，as和“介词 + 关系代词”。状语从句时间、目的、条件、原因、地点和让步状语从句 的使用。名词性从句名词性从句主要考查 、 和 。1.The exam,_was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the last minute.(广州二模)2.Then I went to the department store_I worked part-time and bought her an expe

23、nsive gift box of Sichuan beef. （广州一模）3.It was a poem about me,_included the time （深二模）4.After the war,a new school building was set up_there has once been a theater.5.Excuse me,but can you tell the way to this small town？It depends on_you go. There are several ways of getting there. 倒装语序、主谓一致关系、强调结

24、构及其他主要考查的知识点：倒装： 强调： 【例9】I failed in the final examination last term and only then_ the importance of studies.A.I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realized【例10】The teacher,with 6 girls and8 boys of her class,_ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. was B. were C. had be

25、en D. would be【看别人的故事，品自己的人生】是蝴蝶,就不怕翅膀上的雨水3岁那年，她的父母离婚了。因为家庭的贫困，加上血统的原因，一家人备受歧视。母亲带着她过着四处漂泊的生活，她们因无法支付租金而寄宿在朋友家的地板上。即使是这样，她却从未掉过眼泪。因为母亲曾是一名歌剧演唱家，小小年纪的她受母亲影响，4岁时，就迷恋上了音乐，常常跟在母亲身后学唱歌。上学后的她，学习成绩并不优秀。一次测试，她的数学得了6分，老师当着全班同学的面责备了她，但她却理直气壮地站起来，说：“数学对于我没用，以后我要当歌星。”此语一出，立刻遭到了同学们的嘲笑，在同学的嘲笑声中，她紧紧地握紧了拳头。13岁起，她开始了音乐创作，14岁，她找到了几个录音棚，担任他们的后备试音歌手。高中毕业，她不顾家人的反对，带着稚嫩的梦想，到了纽约。刚到纽约时，她只能在酒吧里做招待，与人合