最新中考英语名词讲解与练习

1、表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点!、名词的分类名词类另y意义例词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、 地名、机构、团体等的专有名 称Jim , China, Qin gdao, theUK, the Great Wall普通 名 词可 数 名 词个体 名词表示单个人的人或事物girl, stude nt, factory, desk,cat , country集合 名词表示一群人或一些事物的总 称people, police, team, clothes, group, crew不 可 数 名 词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质water, ic

2、e, pork, cheese, cott on, broccoli抽象 名词表示抽象概念的词fun, healthy, happ in ess, courage, love, care注：1专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠 !词。2、 有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“ the”但它不大写。3、 有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且以四上也有了变化。eg. beer（）a beer （）， work （）- a work （）glass（）-a glass （），room （） -a room （）、名词的数：表

3、示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a或 an”复数形式是在名词后加-s或-es”名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：当名词为：词尾变化读音例词一般情况加s在清辅音后读/S/chips, jeeps, pats , clocks在浊辅音或 兀音后读/z/boys, sharpe ners, sofas, drawers以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾的单词加es/iz/watches, boxes, classes, brushes以字母0结尾的单词力口 s或es/z/zoos, photos, bam

4、boos, tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,以辅音字母+y 结尾的单词去y变i 加es/z/dict ion ar ies, strawberries,以f或fe结尾的单词去f或fe变V加es/vz/leaves, wives, halves以th结尾的词加s/ez/; /0 z/mouths, paths; mon ths, deaths2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化 改变单数名词中的元音字母eg. man-men, woma n wome n, tooth teeth, foot feet, goose geese, mouse-mice 单复数同形eg. Chine

5、se-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, 由man和woman构成的合成词，每个名词都要变复数eg. a man doctor men doctors, a woma n teacher-wome n teachers注意：有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts,scissors, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数，实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数).eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, n ews3.不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人

6、或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/a n,没有复数形式。词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式，但有其特殊用法：同一个词，变成复数形式，意义不同。eg. food食物-foods (),time 时间-times (), green 绿色-greens 青菜有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg. hope -hopes 希望 hardship - hardships 艰苦物质名词在表示数量时，常用某个量词+of来表示eg. a cup of tea, seve n pieces of bread, several bags of rice,三、名词的所有格名词的所有格

7、是表示名词之间的所有关系“的”。1. (1) 一般词的所有格，直接在词尾+(2) 以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾，在使用时只有复数形式物质名，有两种表示形式，一种是在名词后 +'；另一种是用of,表示(3) 两人共有的物体，则在第二个名词后Lucy and Lily ' s roo指()Mrs Green ' s and Mrs Brown' s 指on.(4) 表示某具体场所时，所有格后面的名词可省略eg. the doctor ' s (office)l r. White ' s2. (1)没有生命的事物一般用of短语来表示所属关系。eg. t

8、he wall of the classroom , a picture of the bedroom ,(2)名词的的定语较长时，有生命的事物也可用eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man(4) 双重所有格eg. the big nose of Tom他的一个朋友(5) 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加eg. ten minutes' walk, today ' s newspapereg. Mr. Mott ' s robot, childreneg. teachers ' books+ '

9、; s如果分别是两人所有，则在每个名词后面+'。's clotheseg.of短语表示。'来构成所有格。例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松!1. They got muchfrom those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. n ewsD. stories2. I have twoand three bottles ofhere.A. oran ge, orangeB. oran ges, oran gesC. oran ges, orangeD. oran ge, oran ges3. Every evening M r. Ki ng ta

10、kes ato his home .A. 25 minutes' walkB. 25 minute ' s walkC. 25 mi nute walkD. 25 mi nu tes walk4. An oldwants to see you.A. peopleB. pers onC. the people D. the pers on5. Help yourself to.A. chicke ns and applesB. chicke ns and appleC. chicke n and appleD. chicke n and apples6. Oh, dear. I

11、forgot the two.A. room ' s numberB. rooms ' number C. room numbersD. rooms ' numbers7. She has bee n in Tianj in for ten years. Tianjin has become her sec ond.A. familyB. houseC. homeD. room8. mothers couldn' t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and Peter&

12、#39;sC. Mary 's and Peter9. Li Lei has been to B. Mary and Peter D. Mary 's and Peter many times this month.A. her uncle B. her uncle'sC. her uncles's10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnD. aunt 's in teaching.A. many experiencesC. an experience11. A classmate of B. much ex

13、perienceD. a lot experience was here ten minutes ago.C. your sisterA. you B. your12. A group of are talking with two .A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , GermenD. Germen , Frenchmen13.The team having a meeting .A. isB. areC. am14. “ Would you like ? “A. drink, Three coffees

14、C. a drink, A coffee15. The Great Wall was made not only by A.earth and stone, millions of C. the earth and stone, million ofD. your sister'sD. be, please.”B. a cup of drink, CoffeesD. a drink, Three cups of coffees , but also the flesh and blood ofB. earths and stones, millionsD. the earths and

15、 stones, millions« ?men.练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择最佳答案：1 Last night, there was a food accident. The were ill, but no were lost.A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, livesD. child, life2. -This is a photo of when they were young.-OK, how happy they both looked!A. my father and motherB. my moth

16、er and father'sC. my mother's and father'sD.my father's and my mother3. The new student is in , Grade Two.A. Class ThirdB. Third ClassC. Class ThreeD. Three class4. Today is September 10th. It's Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A. TeachersB. Teachers'C.

17、 the Teachers' D. Teacher's5. The market isn't far from here. It's only bicycle ride.A.half an hours' B. half an hour's C. half an hourD. an hour and a half6. - What would you like to drink, girls?- , please.A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffeC. Two cups of coffeeD. Two

18、cups of coffees7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for .A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks8. Some are flying kites near the river.A. child B. boyC. boysD. childs9. After the exam, we'll have holiday.A. two weeks B. two-weeksC. two weeks'D. two week's10.

19、They are those bags.Please put them on the bus.A. visitor B. visitors C. visitor's D. visitors'11. - How many workers are there in your factory?- There are two .A. hundredsB. hundredC. hundred ofD. hundreds of12. -What do you think of the the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?- It sounds really

20、wonderful.A. subject B. music C. book D. animal13. There is not enough in the corner for the fridge.A. place B. room C. field D. ground14. comes from sheep and some people like eating itA. WoolB. PorkC. Mutton D. Milk15. If you don't take more , you'll get fat.A. medicineB. lessonsC. photos

21、D. exercise16. My school is about twenty walk from here.A. minute B. minutes' C. minutes's D. minutes17. Mum, I have to tell you!A. a good newsB. some good newsC. some good newes D. much good news18. Which is the to the post office?A. streetB. wayC. road D. address19. I stayed at last Sunday

22、.A. my unclesB. my uncles'C. my uncle'sD. my uncle's family20. Maths not easy to learn.A. are B. is C. am D. were冠词冠词分为不定冠词 (a, an )和定冠词 (the)知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、不定冠词的用法1) 用与可数名词的单数形式前 ,指人或事物的某一种类：例如：She is a girl.Pass mean apple , please.2) 、指某人或某物 ,但不具体说明何人或何物。例如：A boy is waiting for y

23、ouWe work six days a week.3) . 表示 “一”这个数量 ,但数的概念没有 one 强烈 .例如 :We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.I have a mouth , a nose, two eyes and two ears.4) . 用于某些固定的词组中 .例如 :a few, a little, a lot of注 : 用 a 还是 an, 要看后面的词读音以辅音开头还是以元音开头.二、定冠词的用法1) 特指某 (些)人或某 (些)物.例如: the photo of the boy2) 指双方都知道

24、的人或物 .例如 :-Where are the new books, Jim?- They are on the small table.3) 指上文提过的人或物 .例如 :Today he is making a machine.He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane.4) . 用在世界上独一无二的事物前 .例如 :The sun is bigger than the moon.5) . 用在序数词或形容词最高级前 .例如 :The first truck is carry ing a few bas

25、kets.The third one is carrying the fewest of all.6）.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前.例如：the Great Wallthe North Street Hospital7）.用在一些习惯用语中.例如：in the morni ng （after noon, evenin g）,on the left（right）at the end of三、不用冠词的情况1）在专有名词前和不可数名词前。例如：Ch ina, Grade Two, Bill Smith, milk2） 名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some,

26、any等代词。例如：The letter is in her pocket.I think the shop is closed at this time of day.3）复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如：My father and mother are teachers.I like cakes.4）在星期、月份、季节、节日前。例如：It is Sun day （Mon day, Tuesday, etc.）Today is Mid-Autu mn Day.It is cold in wi nter.5）在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：Uncle Wang likes making th

27、in gs.What colour are Mrs Green ' s shoes?6）在三餐饭和球类运动的名称前。例如：He went to school after breakfast.Can you play basketball?注： 在某些固定词组中，如：at home, by bus, go to school等的名词前不用冠词。冠词用法口诀一、定冠词的用法。特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；某些专有名，习语及乐器。以上口诀归纳了用定冠词的一般情况，即：特指某些人或物谈话双方都熟悉的人或事上文已经提到的人或事世界上独一无二的事物前序数词回形容词最高级前某些专有

28、名词前一些习惯短语（如：in the day等）中和乐器前（如： play the violin/piano ）。二、不用冠词的集中情况。下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。以上口诀主要概括了一般应“免冠”的几种情况，即：名词前已有作定语用的this、that、some any、my等限定词。专有名词和不可数名词前。表示学科的（如: maths、Chinese、physics ）名词前。球类活动的名词前及三餐总称前。复数名词表示泛指（一类人或事）时。节日、季节、星期、月份前。表示颜色（如:It's red / yellow.）、语种（如：speak English/Japanese ） 和国家的非全称名词（如： We live i