建筑史中英文对照

1、中国古代建筑及构造建筑史中英文对照建史名词中英文对照：宫palace,temple殿hall厅hall又称“堂 室room房house亭pavilionplatform坛altar楼storied building阁pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion轩windowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house阙que, watchtower牌楼pailou, decorated gateway华表huabiao, orna

2、mental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof庑殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lin

3、tel construction穿斗式构架column and tie construction井干式构架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column内槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语内柱hypostyle column宋代术语山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column宋代术语侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle -

4、shaped column宋代术语角背bracket由戗inverted V-shaped brace叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace宋代术语柁墩wooden pier驼峰tuofeng, camel -hump shaped suport宋代术语梁beambeam宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3- purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代术语四架梁4- purlin beam五架梁5- purlin beam四椽袱5-purlin beam宋代术语六架梁6- purlin beam七架梁7- purlin beam六椽袱7-p

5、urlin beam宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽袱9-purlin beam宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam双步梁two -step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱rufu, beam tie宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer木行purlin (used with dougong) 大式檩purlin (used without dougong) 小式抟purlin宋代术语脊木行ridged purlin大式脊檩ridged purlin小式脊抟r

6、idged purlin宋代术语金木行intermediate purlin大式金檩intermediate purlin小式上中平抟intermediate purlin宋代术语老檐木行purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代术语正心木行eave purlin大式檐檩eave purlin小式下平抟eave purlin宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong)大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong)小式阑额 architrave 宋代术语由额垫板 cushion board 大式檐垫板cushion board小式枋tieb

7、eam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam 老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter脑椽upper rafter花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飞檐椽flying rafter飞子flying rafter宋代术语连檐eave edging瓦口tile edging颔版tile edging宋代术语举架raising the purlin举析raising the purlin宋代术语步架horiz

8、ontal spacing between purlinscai栔 qi分fen斗口doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱dougong,bracket set斗block with cross mortise大斗cap block栌斗cap block 宋代术语拱 gong,bracketarm翘flower arm, petal华拱flower arm 宋代术语昂ang,lever槽升子center block齐心斗center block宋代术语三才升small block十八斗 connection block交互斗connection block宋代术语正心拱泥道

9、拱axial bracket arm 宋代术语瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm宋代术语厢拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代术语单材拱outer -side bracket arm撑头small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代术语耍头nose攒柱头科bracket set on columns柱头铺作bracket set on columns宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns补间铺作bracket sets between columns宋代术语角科bracke

10、t set on corner转角铺作bracket set on corner宋代术语extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代术语cai跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrow brace搏缝板gable eave board搏缝版宋代术语木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work内檐装修interior finish work框槛door frame槛stud抱框jamb on door or window格栅partition door抹头window stool棂子grill裙板panel

11、槛窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing门簪decorative cylinder门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf门枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum -shaped bearing stone天花ceiling帽儿梁lattice framing支条lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龛niche博古架antique sh

12、elf瓦石作masonry檐墙eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall隔断墙vertical partition wall槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall拔磉corbel, hanging over叠涩corbel, hanging over宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石 rectangular stone slab压阑石rectangular stone slab 宋代术语台阶steps踏道st

13、eps宋代术语踏垛step踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone宋代术语象眼triangular space御路yulu, imperial path羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma, recta下袅lower cyma, reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade宋代术语垂台钩栏d

14、ouble frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱头baluster capital 栏版frieze panel华版frieze panel地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail宋代术语柱顶石capital stone柱础column base踬zhi碑碣stone tablet赑屃bixi, stone turtle 宋及宋前术语趺fu, stone turtle清代术语石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof

15、 tile勾头eave tile滴水drip tile瓦当tile end, eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei宋及宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof 仙人celestial being走兽animal砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern, col

16、ored drawing 苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画dragons pattern天花彩画ceiling pattern箍头end portion of painted beam藻头intermediate portion of painted beam枋心central portion of painted beam点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting贴金gold foil painting建史名词中英文对照：外国古代建筑及构造金字塔pyramid方尖

17、碑obelisk牌门楼pylon莲花式柱lotus column纸草花式柱papyrus column棕榈叶式柱palm column塔庙ziggurat列柱围廊式peristyle山花pediment多立克柱式Doric order伊奥尼亚柱式Ionic order曾用名“爱奥尼亚柱式科林斯柱式Corinthian order檐口cornice檐部entablature檐壁frieze额枋architrave柱头capital柱身column shaft槽沟flute圆底线脚torus柱基plinth台基stylobate输水道aqueduct万神庙pantheon凯旋门triumphal arch角斗场colosseum广场forum托斯卡柱式Tuscan order 门廊 potch,portico小穹顶cupola平嵌线reglet主穹顶main dome半穹顶semi dome帆拱pendentive会堂basilica中厅central nave侧廊aisle半圆形壁龛apse袖廊transept柱廊colonnade神坛altar拱廊atcade壁上拱廊blind arcade塔楼turret玫瑰窗rose window扶壁buttress尖顶pinnacle滴水兽gargoyle顶端饰finial花色窗棂