核能利弊 中英文

1、核能在新能源中的地位和作用 The role of nuclear energy in new energies 核能主要用于军事武器，核电和提供动力。 Nuclear energy is mainly used for making military weapons, producing nuclear power and providing power. 人们看好核能是因为传统化石能源储量有限， 现在世界人口超过 60 亿， 19 世纪增加 比 了两倍多，能源消费增加了 16 倍，能源消费也不断增加，按照目前消费水平：石油还能够 用 46 年，天然气还能够用 65 年，而煤炭也只够用 20

2、0 多年。而相对应的可再生资源，像水 力，风能，潮汐能和太阳能，又因规模受到环境，季节，地理环境等条件的限制，而且现在 的开发技术不足，很难得到充分利用。核能因为在地球中储量丰富，像海水中氘，有两千多 亿顿，可用上千亿年，矿石中的铀能用 2000 多年。而且所释放的能量比全世界所有能量综 合还要大上千万倍，被称为“无穷的能源” 。 Because of the limitation of traditional fossil energy reserves, people pay great attention to nuclear energy. Now there are over 6 b

3、illion people in the world, which is more than three times of that in the 19th century. And there are more than 16-fold increase in energy consumption. According to the current consumption level, the oil will be used up in 46 years, natural gas will be used up in 65 years, and the coal is only enoug

4、h for over 200 years. However, it is difficult to make full utilization of the corresponding renewable resources such as hydro, wind, tidal and solar energy in that the scales of them are limited by environmental, seasonal, and geographical conditions. Besides, the lack of development technology is

5、also a problem. Nuclear energy is abundant in the Earth, for example, there are over two hundred billion tons of deuterium in sea water. It could be used for hundreds of billions of years if its great changes can be controlled. Uranium in ores can be used for more than 2,000 years. And the energies

6、they release are million times of that of the integration of all world's energy, which is known as the "infinite energy." 下图是非污染能源的结构比例，其中核能占绝大部分，占百分之 70，因此核能也被称 为最安全最清洁，经济效益最高的电力资源。不过核能也是一把双刃剑。我们不会忘记发生 在不久前的日本福岛核电站危机。不过看看下图“公众的电离辐射照射量”我们发现核电站 还是非常安全的，不会对人体造成任何威胁。 The following diagram

7、 shows the structure proportion of non-polluting energies, in which nuclear energy accounts for most of it, namely 70 percent, so it is also called the most secure, cleanest, most cost-effective power resources. But nuclear energy is a double-edged sword. We will not forget the recent nuclear power

8、plant crisis happened in Fukushima. However, through the diagram of "public exposure t o ionizing radiation" we find that nuclear power plant is still very safe and does not pose any threat to humans. 这张图是加拿大皮克灵核电站，并没有人们想象的那么恐怖。相反核电站不远处就是一 个游艇码头。这张图是中国的大亚湾核电站，夜景美丽而辉煌。这是日本的美滨核电站，距 离不远处就是一个人

9、头涌动海水浴场。 This is Canada's Pickering nuclear power plant, not as terrible as people imagined. On the contrary a marina is nearby. This is China's Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station. The night is beautiful and brilliant. This is Japan's Mihama nuclear power station, not far from a beach where

10、there are many visitors. 我们总结核电站的利弊： 核能优点： 1.核能发电不造成空气污染，不产生加重地球温室效应的二氧化碳。 2.核燃料体积小，运输与储存方便. 3.核能发电的成本中，燃料费用所占的比例较低. 核能缺点： 1.核能电厂会产生放射性废料。 2.核能发电厂热效率较低，热污染较严重。 3.核能电厂投资成本太大，电力公司的财务风险较高。 4.核能电厂选址受环境影响较大。 5.核电厂如果在事故中释放到外界环境，会对生态及民众造成伤害。 这是美国 1951 年美国第一座发电核反应堆。英，法，苏联和我国随后建立了一批核 电站。 Lets summarize the p

11、ros and cons of nuclear power stations: Advantages of nuclear energy: 1. Nuclear power does not cause air pollution and does not produce carbon dioxide which aggravates global warming. 2. Nuclear fuel has small size so it is easy for transportation and storage. 3. Fuel costs accounts for a lower pro

12、portion in the cost of nuclear power generation, Disadvantages of nuclear energy: 1. Nuclear power plant will produce radioactive waste. 2. Nuclear power plant has lower thermal efficiency and bad heat pollution. 3. Nuclear power plant needs large investment cost, the power company has higher financ

13、ial risk. 4. The site of nuclear power plant is largely determined by environment. 5. The release into the external environment because of the accident will damage the ecology and people. This is the first nuclear reactors of U.S generation in 1951. Britain, France, the Soviet Union and China subsequently established a number of nuclear power plants. 这是当前世界的能源结构：我们能够发