2020届高考英语复习疯狂专练五代词和名词单句填空+语法填空(教师版)

1、11疯狂专练五代词和名词单句填空+语法填空、技巧点拨、当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词：人称代词主格和宾格、指示代词或it。因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词，而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的，所以只要句子缺主语或宾语，就填代词。此时,要根据前后语境，看该空格是指人还是事物，指男还是指女，是单数还是复数。除人称代词外，也有可能是填不定代词等。还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的it,替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。解题技巧如下：第一步：分析句子结构。若句子缺主语，则要填代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it;若动词或介词后面缺宾语，则要填代词的宾格、指示代词、不定代词或i

2、t。如果该宾格与主语是同一人，应用反身代词。第二步：理解句子意思。根据各个代词的意义和用法，以及句子所需的意义，填入合适的代词。人称代词（主格/宾格）反身代词名词性物主代词常考的不定代词指示代词I/memyselfmineother/anotherthis/thatyouyourself/yourselvesyoursboth/neither/eitherhe/himhimselfhisall / noneshe/herherselfhersnothing/nobodythese/thoseititselfitseverything/everybodywe/usourselvesoursany

3、thing/anybodythey/themthemselvestheirssomething/somebody名词复数变化:情况构成方法M日例词一般情况加-s清辅首后/s/;浊 辅音和元音后 t如z/map - maps 地图 bag - bags 书包 /EF以s,ss,x,ch,sh等结尾的词加-es-es 读 /iz/bus - buses公共汽车 class - classes 课以-f或-fe结尾的名 词多数将-f和-fe 变 v 力口 -es-ves 读/vz/wife-wives 妻子leaf - leaves 树叶shelf-shelves 架子knife - knives

4、小刀wolf-wolves 狼thief - thieves 贼/小偷half-halves 半life - lives 生命记忆口诀：妻亍用树架小刀将贼和狼劈成2半结束它们的生命以兀音字母+ y结 尾的名词(a,e,i, o,u)直接加-s-s 读 /z/boy-boys 男孩 day-days 天monkey - monkeys 猴子holiday holidays 假日toy-toys玩具 key-keys钥匙/答案记忆口诀：男孩和猴子天天在节假日玩玩具和钥匙以辅首字母+y结 尾的非专有名词 a,e,i ,o, u变y为i再加es-s 读 /z/library-libraries 图书馆

5、 family-families 家庭 hobby-hobbies 业余爱好以辅音字母+。结 尾的名词TO口 -es-es 读/z/Negro-Negroes 黑人hero heroes 英雄tomato -tomatoes 西红柿potato - potatoes 土豆mango-mangoes 芒果记忆口诀：黑人英雄喜欢吃西红柿，土豆还有芒果以元音字母+ 0结 尾的以及外来名词加-s-s 读/z/zoo - zoos 动物园 photo-photos 照片 kangaroo-kangaroos 袋鼠 bamboo - bamboos 竹子 radio - radios 收音机 piano-

6、pianos 钢琴记忆口诀：（动物园）（照片）中的（袋鼠）可以用（竹 子）听（收音机）和弹（钢琴）单复数同形名词保持小艾deer-deer 鹿sheep-sheep 绵羊fish-fish 鱼people-people 人/人们Chinese-Chinese 中国人English英国人Japanese-Japanese 日本人Vietnamese- Vietnamese 越南人Swiss瑞士人Portuguese葡萄牙人Lebanese黎巴嫩人记忆口诀：草原上吃草两种动物：鹿和绵羊水里游的鱼；中日英 三国家人；越，瑞，葡，黎 4四国家人表示某国人名词的复 数直接加shuman-humans（人

7、，人类）German-Germans （德国人）Russian-Russian （俄罗斯人）American-Americans （美国人）Italian-Italians （意大利人）Indian-Indians （印度人）Canadian-Canadians（力口拿大）Australian-Australians （澳大）Swede-Swedes（瑞典人）记忆口诀：人类/德国俄，美，意，力口，瑞 复数加S无连字号复合名词以后面名词 变复数规律 保持一amooncake-mooncakes （月 饼） bookcase-bookcases （书橱） armchair-armchairs （轮

8、椅） toothpick-toothpicks （牙签） housewife-housewives（家庭主妇） gentleman-gentlemen（绅士） bookshelf-bookshelves （书架） stopwatch-stopwatches（秒表） wineglass-wineglasses（酒杯） birthday-birthdays（生日） blackboard-blackboards（黑板） greenhouse-greenhouses编室）第一个名词是man,woman的复合名 词两者都要变 复数man teacher-men teachers （男老师）woman d

9、octor-women doctors （女医生）男人/女人做定语修饰名词，两者都需要变复数以f,fe结尾特殊名词直接在词尾roof-roofs （屋顶）加schiefchiefs （首领）serfserfs （农奴）reef-reefs （礁石 /暗礁）hoof-hoofs （马蹄）cliff-cliffs （悬崖）gulf gulfs （海湾 /鸿沟）belief-beliefs （信仰 /信念）proof -proofs （证据）记忆口诀：（屋顶）上的（首领）踩着（礁石）和（马蹄）带领（农 奴）在（悬崖）（鸿沟）上找到了（信仰）和（证据）.改内部双兀音及其它 字母的名词复数 以及一些外来

10、词名词 加ren或者加enman-men 男人woman-women 女人ox-oxen 牛child children（孩子们）goose-geese 鹅tooth-teeth 牙齿foot-feet 脚mouse-mice 老鼠loues-lice 寄生虫basis-bases （基石（将 i 变为 e）记忆口诀：（男人/女人a该e）（牛孩子们加en/ren）（老鼠奇生将m,l后面改为ice）1 .【2018 全国卷 III When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find（they） alive.

11、【答案】them【解析】 考查代词。此处做 find的宾语，所以用宾格 them。2 .【2017 全国卷 I I However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than25,000 people were using every day.【答案】it【解析】考查代词。句意：但是，铁路很快被印证是一次伟大的成功，在6个月里，25,000多人每天都使用它。it 指代 the railway ,故填 it。3 .【2017 全国卷 I I It ran for just u

12、nder seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible（crowd） on theroads above as they travelled to and from work.【答案】crowds【解析】 考查名词。此处表示复数概念，crowd前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填 crowds。4 .【2018 全国卷 III I'm a （science） who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.【答案】scientist【解析】考查名词。句意：我是一名研究动物的科学家，研究比

13、如猿和猴子。根据句意可知，此处指科学家，故填 scientist o5 .【2018 全国卷 I 改编】It showed that a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause).【答案】 causes【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天 5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes6 . Nervously facing challenges, I know I

14、will whisper to(I) the two simple words“ Be yours【答案】myself【解析】句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字做你自己”。本句的主语是I,当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填 myself。7 . Like university students, US high school students have the freedom to choose the courses that most interest (they).【答案】them【解析】分析句子可知，interest为定语从句的谓语，后接人称代词宾格

15、做宾语。故填 them。8 . Last October, while tending her garden, she pulled out a handful of small (carrot) and was about to throw them away.【答案】carrots【解析】考查名词单复数。根据上文的“a handful。何知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrot的复数形式。9 . Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional (treasu

16、re) come alive again.【答案】treasures【解析】考查名词的数。句意：在一次演讲中，这位64岁的导演分享了他关于如何让传统宝藏重新焕发生机的想法。treasure为可数名词，此处表示数量不止一个，故填名词复数treasureso10 . Then he started to build more and more kinds of(model).【答案】models【解析】考查名词的数。句意：然后他开始建立越来越多的模型。model为可数名词，且根据上文 more and morekinds of可知应填名词的复数形式models。、直击考题、passage1体裁；主

17、题字数建议用时记叙文寓言故事214字8分钟【河南省豫西名校2018届高三下学期第一次联考】The story happened in ancient times. A king was so cleverthat he thought of a good way to test 1 his men were reliable.One day, he had a huge rock 2 (place) on a roadway at night. Then he hid 3 (him) nearbyand watched carefully to see if anyone would remo

18、ve the big rock. Some 4 (wealth) businessmen andhigh officials came by, but they simply walked around it. Many of them even loudly blamed the king for not keeping the roads clear, but none of them would bother 5 (get) the big stone out of the way.Then a villager came along carrying a load of vegetab

19、les. On 6(approach) the big rock, he stoppedand laid down his burden, trying hard to move the stone to the side of the road. After much pushing, he 7(final) succeeded. As the villager picked up his load of vegetables, he noticed a purse lying in the road where the rock8 (be). The purse contained man

20、y gold coins and a note from the king, saying that the gold was for the personnever understand: Every obstacle presents9 removed the huge rock from the road.10 opportunity to improve one【答案】1. whether/if2. placed6. approaching7. finally【解析】The villager learned a valuable lesson that many others woul

21、ds condition.3. himself4. wealthy5. to get8. had been9. who/that10. an1 .考查连词。句意：这个故事发生在古代。 一个国王非常聪明，他想到了一个测试他的部下是否可靠的好方法。分析句意可知是从句中缺少一个连接词，从意思分析是是否”之意，故用whether/if。2 .考查过去分词作宾补。句意：一天晚上，他把一块大石头放在巷道里。根据句意可知stone和place是被动关系，石头是被放置，故要用过去分词作宾补。所以要用placedo3 .考查反身代词。句意：然后他躲在附近，仔细观察，看是否有人会把那块大石头移走。hide him

22、self nearby。把自己藏在附近。故用反身代词himself o4 .考查形容词做定语。句意：一些有钱的商人和高级官员走过来，但他们只是绕着石头走。wealth用于修饰businessmen,修饰名词的要用形容词，故用 wealthy o5 .考查固定搭配。句意：他们中的许多人甚至大声责备国王没有保持道路畅通，但他们谁也不愿把那块挡在路 上大石头移走。bother to do不愿意做，故填 to get。6 .考查动名词。句意：这时，一个村民提着一袋蔬菜走了过来。他走近那块大石头，停下来放下包袱，努力把 石头移到路边。on doing sth.为固定用法，“一就"，故填appr

23、oching。7 .考查副词。句意：几经努力，他终于成功了。副词在句子中作状语，修饰整个句子，故要用finally o8 .考查过去完成时。句意：当村民拿起他的蔬菜时，他注意到在原来有石头的路上有一个钱包。分析句子可知是在曾有岩石的路上，而石头已被他搬走了。他搬走了石头发生在过去，即大石头所在的路是过去的过去，要用过去完成时。故用 had been。9 .考查定语从句的关系词。句意：钱包里有一个纸条说金子是给把巨石从大路上搬走的那个人的。”分析本句可知the person是先行词，在从句中作主语，故用 who/that。10 .考查冠词。句意：这个村民学到了许多人永远不会明白的宝贵教训：每一个

24、障碍都是改变现状的机会。Opportunity是元音读音开头的，要用 an ,表示数字 匕"。故用an。passage2体裁；主题字数建议用时议论文故宫博物馆201字9分钟【2019届湖北八校高三第二次联考试卷】For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebratethe Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace.About 3,000 lucky visit

25、ors received free tickets from the government, among 1 was Zhang Zhifu, a77-year-old public security volunteer. Its a mark he gvaid顿deefowork.“2t is (true) an honor to beZhang said.granted this special privilege,To guarantee the 3 (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 4 (plan) this year ' La

26、ntern Festival event used LED lights rather than tradit ional paper lanterns and red candles. It' s a fascinating event for visitors to <11 (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the Palace Museum' s new look lit upfollowing Tuesday ' s display.Since he became d

27、irector of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 6 (bring) many changes to the world 7 ' s (large) royal complex (建筑群).Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 8 (treasure) come alive again. 9" matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have,

28、but how closethey are 10 people ' s daily lives, “ he said.【答案】1.whom2.truly3.safety4. planning5. themselves6. has brought7.largest8.treasures9. What10. to【解析】1 .考查定语从句连接词。句意：大约3000名幸运的游客获得了政府的免费门票，其中包括 77岁的公安志愿者张志福。whom引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词visitors,且在定语从句中作介词among的宾语，指人，故填whom。”副词修饰整句话，故填truly。2 .考查

29、副词。句意：能被授予这样的特权真的是我的荣幸。3 .考查名词。句意：为了保证故宫的安全，今年元宵节活动的组织者使用LED灯而不是传统的纸灯笼和红蜡烛。根据the可知填名词，safety of the palace博物馆的安全，故填 safety。4 .考查非谓语动词。organizers与plan是主动关系，故填现在分词做后置定语，故填 planning。5 .考查反身代词。句意：这是一个吸引人的事件，让游客沉浸在博物馆的节日气氛中。短语absorb oneself in表示集中注意力在上"，指代visitors ,故填themsekes。6 .考查动词时态。句意：自从成为故宫博物院

30、院长以来，单霁翔给这个世界上最大的皇家建筑群带来了许多变化。卞据since可知用现在完成时，主语是单数名词，故填 has brought。7 .考查形容词最高级。句意：世界上最大的皇家建筑群。根据句意可知应填形容词最高级，故填largest。8 .考查名词的数。句意：在一次演讲中，这位64岁的导演分享了他关于如何让传统宝藏重新焕发生机的想法。treasure为可数名词，此处表示数量不止一个，故填名词复数treasureso9 .考查名词性从句连接词。句意：对博物馆来说，重要的不是有多少游客，而是他们离人们的日常生活有多近，”他说。what引导主语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填 What。10

31、.考查介词。短语 be close to表示 靠近，接近"，故填介词to。passage3体裁话题主题建议用时记叙文日常生活遇险得救7分钟【四川省天府名校2020届高三上学期第一轮联合质量测评试题】Mac was cycling along a road. With a heavy camp bag, he wasn't moving very fast. Suddenly he heard loud breathing behind him. 1 (look) to his side, he was 2 (terrify) to find it wasn't a d

32、og but a wolf that wasrunning after him. He reached 3 the spray in the bag. With one hand on the handlebar, he fired it. A bright red color covered the wolf and it fell back shaking its head. But a minute 4 (late) it was by his side again. He sprayed _5 second time, the wolf falling back again but o

33、nly to quickly restart 6 (it) attack. The wolf was getting closer. Mac waved and yelled at passing 7 (motorist) but meanwhile rode hard. He knew clearly he must be careful not to slow down. 8 (fortunate), Paul and Becky were driving along the same road when they spotted the scene. They drove toward

34、Mac. When the car was in front of him, Mac jumped off the bike and dashed for the back door. Paul _9(open) the door so as to let Mac in. It was quite a while 10 Mac became calm and thanked them.【答案】1. Looking 2.terrified3.for4.later5.a6. its7.motorists8.Fortunately9.opened10.before【解析】1 .考查非谓语动词。he和

35、look之间是主动关系，故用 look的现在分词形式，故填 Looking。2 .考查形容词。be terrified to do sth做某事感到恐惧。故填 terrified。3 .考查介词。reach for伸手去拿。故填for。4 .考查副词。a minute later一分钟之后。故填 later。5 .考查冠词。a second time又一次。故填 a。6 .考查代词。用形容性物主代词修饰名词attack。故填its。7 .考查名词。根据语境，这里表示不止一个motorist,故用其复数形式。故填 motorists。8 .考查副词。根据前文Mac向别人求助，可是没有人能帮他。而

36、后文提到，Mac的朋友们正朝他开车过来，可知这对 Mac来说是幸运的一件事。故填 Fortunately。9 .考查时态。事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时，故填 opened。10 .考查连词。句意：过了一会儿，Mac才冷静下来，并对他们道谢。it is+一段时间+before意为过了多久才,故填 before opassage4体裁；主题字数建议用时议论文“夸夸”群209字8分钟【2019 年广东省梅州市高三第一次质量检测】A phenomenon known as-need-of-rpraise" has taken Chinesesocial media by storm. Us

37、ers can now join a chat group on WeChat or QQ, where they will 1 (praise) and gain encouragement from others for a price. The-need-on-praise " chat groups arefection of Chinese culture2values modesty and humility (谦 逊),leading many people to often cover their true emotions. In Chinese culture,3

38、 (open) seeking and giving praise is uncommon. The trend seemed to have started with a chat group on the platform Douban four years ago. Since March many other chat groups 4 (become) popular, especially among young people. For them, gaining recognition from peers is more important than getting approval from older generations. They can feel 5 sense of belonging and gain praise in these chat groups, which is 6 (benefit) to their mental health. It ' s al