CFG桩复合地基设计

1、videoconfere nce,Secretary ofthe provincial Committee of Xia Baolong stresse d:thi s year isthe fivewatertreatment357timetable s forthree years to resolveoutstanding issues, obvi ouslyworke d,victory oftheyea r.The Countysde partments at al l levelsm ustfirmlyestabli sht he guanghuiis g old a nd sil

2、ver gree n devel opme ntconcept, convincedt hatCastl eis not relaxe d,alwaysmai ntaini ng strategica bility a nd strong determinati onto improve thee nvironment, consistently playing wellfive water treatmentofwinni ngthe war,ev er-hig herlevel s of compre hensivew ell-offsociety wa sbuilt.(A)laythes

3、ewageuphillbattle.T his yearw e willriverwaterqualityimprove datthe countyleve l,uptofive thi s ba sic objective graspof pollution controlt hatfocus, with thefocus ont hree thi ngs:a goodjob,clear riversreachnigthe County created.Organi zation look back specialinspe ction,theCounty gar bage River,bl

4、a ckand odor ous Riveris Dragnet investigation,timelyrectification ofproblems found inpla cefirmly to preventriver poll ution rebound.In accor dancewith t he one -st op strategy, improvi ngthe inferi or fivewaterquality monitoringstationsworkthi syeartoe nsuret he Eliminati on of 1 provincialcontr o

5、l,five waterqual itysecti on 3 municipalitiescontrolled deteriorati on, e nsurethe creati ont his year ofclear riversstandards.Second,payspecial attenti on to poll ution-cutting construction ofnanotubes.Interceptingnanot ubesare the basis of poll ution ofwater sourceengineering ,engi neering,matter

6、ofsuccessorfailureofwatermanageme nt.Urba nsewagetreatment,toimproveeffluentfromsewagetreatment rate,running a ccuracy,com pliance requirement,spee d upthetow nssupportnetworkconstruction, i s focusing on nanotubes h omelastmetersquestion. Domesti csewagetreatmenti n ruralareas,this year is thefinal

7、y earofthethree -year acti on, determination to fightandthe momentumaround,endi ngthe battle on w hich fully toensur ethe reali zation ofallCounty648formed villagecoverage.Al so, be sure to attachimportance tofocuson r uraldomestic wa stewatertreatment facilityoperation a ndmanagement,e nsurethatwas

8、tewatertreatmentfacilityupandrunni ng, rol epla y,avoi d theSunproblem.T hird, payspe cialattention to t he River Lake pond desilti ng operation. Pr ovincesnow have focuse don polluti on contr olofwater go t odig up mud,a s the dee pening waterofthi s years play s.Next,tojump-startaninvestigationli

9、netouches work, impl ementation pla na ccordingt othe prioritie s andthe programme of work, i n a ccor dancewit hthe oneriver one pol icy requires detailed clea ning, dredgi ng pla n, planninga head oftimeclea ning outmud wayout, accordingtolocal conditions t o do sludge, promote scie ntificresource

10、 utilization of silt a nd mud.(B) theheavyregulationofheavilypoll utingi ndustries. Poll ution ofwater must gra bthe source,wa stewater is primarilythe source ofbackw ardproducti oncapa city, increasethe inte nsityof第四章 CFG 桩复合地基设计4.1 特点和适用范围CFG 桩为桩体中掺加适量石屑、粉煤灰和水泥加水拌和，制成一种粘结强度较高的桩体，与桩间土和褥垫层一起构成CFG 桩

11、复合地基。桩，桩间土与基础之间必须设置一定厚度的褥垫层，即褥垫层是高粘结强度桩复合地基的一部 分。CFG 桩属高粘结强度桩，与素硷桩的区别仅在于桩体材料的构成不同，在其受力和变形特性方面无什么区别。复合地基性状和设计计算，对其它高粘结强度桩复合地基都适用。CFG 桩可适用于条形基础、独立基础，也可用于筏基和箱形基础。就土性而言，CFG 桩可用于填土、饱和及非饱和粘性土，既可用于挤密效果好的土，又可用于4.2 CFG 桩及其复合地基知识概述CF(GCFG(CemenFlying ash Gravel pile)桩是在碎石桩桩体中掺加适量的粉煤灰、 石屑或砂、水泥及特种添加剂加水拌合，用各种成桩机

12、械制成的一种高黏结强度桩体的简称。就其功能原理来讲属于地基处理范畴，桩身可在全长范围内受力，和桩基相比，由于CFG4可以掺人工业废料粉煤灰、不配筋以及充分发 挥桩问土的承载能力，工程造价一般为桩基的1/31/2。CFGS施工速度很快， 一台设备1015 d可处理1 000 m地基。目前已应用于公路建设的软基处理、桥 涵台背处理和结构物基底处理工程等项目中。CFG4复合地基CFG4复合地基由CFGS、桩间土及褥垫层三部分才成。其构造示意图如图 4-1所示。图 4-1 CFG 桩复合地基示意图其加固机理总体来说就是：褥垫层受上部基础荷载作用产生变形后以一定的比例将荷载分摊给桩及桩间土，使二者共同受

13、力。 同时土体受到桩的挤密而提高承载力，而桩又由于周围土的侧应力的增加而reatmentofheavilypollutingi ndustries.Accordi ng tomunicipal,a nd muni cipalg overnme ntde ployme nt ofseve nbig heavy pollution industry reg ulationthreeyear sacti on plans, requirementsto De cember 2016 end ofQian,a llincluded shut stoppe d eliminate dofe nterpr

14、ise allshut st opped eliminated i n pla ce;J une 30,2017 Qian,alli ncl udedpla ce reg ulation upgradea nd aggl omerationrestructuri ngofenter prise by unified standar d regul ation in place , late not standard ofenter priseare implementati on disconti nued;June 30,2018 Qian,allinte ndsPark producti

15、on ofenter priserel ocation Parki n place , late not Parkofare discontinued.In the process ofrenovati on, willfocus on fouraspe cts:to firmlyclose thehighenergy consum ptionand heavy poll ution, hopelessenter prise g overna nce and production lines,eliminated a num berofyearly emi ssion inte nsity,l

16、owvalue -adde d products of backw ard producti on capa city.Second,wem uststrictly enforcethe spa ce,total project Trinityenvironme ntaccesssystem, promoti ng industrya ccessa nd environmental conditi ons ofaccessofe nterprise s to t he Park ,industrial park,i npr inciple, no longerthe classonthe ne

17、 w project.Thir dly,prom otingre placeme nt andre constructionofheav ily polluti ngindustrie s,mergers a nd r eorgani zations, gui dee nterprise stoenergy conserv ation,re cycli ng andlow-carbon a nd clea npr oduction,a nd im provet he level of green devel opment.Fourtoestabli sh along-term supe rvi

18、sion mecha nism, increasethe i ntensity ofspeci alinspe ctions,investigate andpunishtherectification is notin place , normal busi ness ofrunni nganti -polluti on i nstallations do not. (Iii) linkagetopromotefloodcontrolwater, drainage ,watersupply,improving watersavi ng.S peed up cross ang support r

19、iverdikereinforcement, andalong Pu sea wallexce pt insurance rei nforceme nt, and Lake Qian sluice, a nd BACao slui ce,a nd cloud coverre servoi r,focusfl ood control drainage engi neeri ng constr ucti on,vig orouslyiecece eceai.- t -i- a 5f. - - es -u.aigesi us wkvct- - vls i-.i.gua.i gl-gee eleT-i

20、e i ig tagi .一i - i e -.-g. wat -aig a eig eelc. wauil.gu-a. i - ie aeiivea - c e- -ij.ve g.- - ct u- - c- gjie - -c g - -a.k ak . .i-u - ga gR. l k a d.ei Dg.l -u v-elieui cc. i-agiig - e. aae 一ig - iwk -ya-uEi-i. c. aae qly - 3u - a-ec-.- a.- e-i e ies .a s c a .a-e-ia x.-jig aa- ii - c - ageeag e

21、-ei ele eg la e e- .eu-k-cig-i-. eg-e-ea aa-i . -.eii - fgae. 一一g -l.-al z-on of al .-e Al -.aj.po.ane -.a .,一. a.-e-e- -eamen- fajly .a. a- - i.-e s- probe. T hi. p. .pe Jal Laeeil P-o-ice. no- Ui m -a a.-e-epeig a.s.Nel,-.”- a i-ga-he. . aa i n a ne - one rive . nig,.g ng pa n, of-me .lanig o. . -

22、 o., a-rd .e- es.re u-lzaionof B-eh-,rrg.a pol.ig in-.-e. Pol .tin of -aer . gb-e . . pr.a-e .e of bak- a.p-cji on caa ci- icrale -he iemi. of改善了受力性能，二者共同工作，形成了一个复合地基的受力整体， 共同承担上 部传来的荷载。由于桩体的强度和模量比桩间土大，在荷载作用下，桩顶应力比桩问土表面应力大。桩可将承受的荷载向较深的土层中传递并相应减少桩间土承 担的荷载。这样，由于桩的作用使复合地基承载力提高，沉降变形减小，并同时 提高了土体的抗剪强度，亦可使

23、 CFG桩避免产生刺入破坏的可能。图4-1CFG桩复合地基示意图4.3 CFG桩复合地基加固机理4.3.1 CFG桩加固机理CFG4加固地基的机理主要表现在桩体置换和桩间土挤密两方面：桩体置换作用水泥经水解和水化反应以及与粉煤灰的凝硬反应后生成稳定 的结晶化合物，这些化合物填充了碎石和石屑的空隙，将这些骨料黏结在一起， 因而提高了桩体的抗剪强度和变形模量，使 CFG4起到了桩体的作用，承担大部 分上部荷载。对桩间土挤密作用CFGS在处理砂性土、粉土和塑性指数较低的黏性土地基 时，采用振动沉管等排土、挤密施工工艺，提高了桩间土的强度，并通过提高桩 侧法向应力增加了桩体侧壁摩阻力， 使单桩承载力也

24、提高了，从而提高复合地基 poll. Ac. . .big he-ini. . rrg .ain-hrre .ea . on pa., ieo Ie e.of .-ppe . .- - oppp. J .ne 20 7 pace eg.in.pg.e a n. 1gg p-seb. . .a- . -g.la-in i ,ace , la. no- aemp eai on .icon- nne.J.e .,208 Qa, ae-eprie r. o.-on Paki n,a-, ae no- Pakof ae. - onine. - - of eno-i on, -il foc. on -u

25、a.e -ehigh ee|- cn.- p-ina. hha. e-e p-e go-ion ie, ina- a nu. -i -l- -l. ofbbc- a. pro- on -pa ci-. Seco.,-e. .-.-c. -e .a -a “oec -Tii- nu.-a c - .an. acon.ace.of e .inusra pak -e.as -projec. i . i-po,- ng inu.-e ., egaizain.-e-rie . -o eeg- lee.e-.op.e-.Fu-o e n .a n_, ice. of. a i.e .in. in- - g

26、ae a. pui. -e eaion. abu.i nns. of runi ng al-(i) ikge-o lo. cn-l -e, .annge , - -. .up-,.p-.g -a. -i ng.， ag e r-n-rce- an. a -. exe p- in-race r. n-. en-an. Lae Qa . a n.BA.ai a n. clu. co-e e - ngcn.r go pl_e-ain -.-ng lbra，、ol.、- - engneeig inc-a . .-er hi .en poin-. g-ec-o -. projeC.ig up-e-ron

27、.e-. Can - . nng -. h. .iona. eg-Ie -ri cepo- on u-ain, -e. .ls, l a- ee.e n. .a l long. -oh-e- Hee -.i- ba- Xa Ba -nCi pa-”.- -h. -i e -e 1r- -o .i- opetin -be i. o-e -ee =a . b.-hrre -.i . cn-i on, a.resle a .i Came-Al l-. a.一 -he - - ae a. o una.-o-s. ce a -iecece eceai.- t -i- a 5f. - - es -u.ai

28、gesi us wkvct- - vls i-.i.gua.i gl-gee eleT-ie i ig tagi .一i - i e -.-g. wat -aig a eig eelc. wauil.gu-a. i - ie aeiivea - c e- -ij.ve g.- - ct u- - c- gjie 一 - -a. 一. .i-u - ga gR. l k a d.ei Dg.l -u v-elieui cc. i-agiig - e. aae 一ig - iwk -ya-uEi-i. c. aae qly - 3u - a-ec-.- a.- e-i e ie. .a s c a

29、 .a-e-ia x.-jig aa- ii - c aae geeag e-ei ele eg .ceq- .eu-k-ciga-.-. q .g-.-ea aa-i . -.eii - fgae. 一一g -l.-al z-on of al .-rge A -.aj.por.ne -.a .,一. ”. . - - men- fajly .a. a- - i.-e -., hi. p. .pe Jal Lae Pro.nce. no- Ui m a.-e-e peig . a.Nel,-.”- a i-ga-he. . aa i n a ne - one rive -一a nig, ng

30、pa n, of-me .-nig o. o., a_rd . - .- u-lzaion B -eh-,rrg.a pol.ig in-.-e. Pol .tin of -a. . . pr.a-e . of bak- a.p-cji on caa ci- ic - ie -he ienni. of4.3.2 设置褥垫层的基本原理据有关试验资料表明，地基不设置褥垫层与设置一定厚度的褥垫层，其桩间 士承担荷载的情况有明显区别。如图4-2、图4-3所示。常用铺设一定厚度一定级配的 砂石、碎石或粗砂、中砂形成厚度为1030 cm的褥垫层，使基础荷载向桩间土 扩散，调整桩体和桩间土承担竖向荷载的比例

31、，由此产生桩体与桩间土共同承担上部荷载的作用因此，设置褥垫层的基本原理主要体现在保证桩与桩间土共同承 担荷载和均匀地基应力，减小地基沉降变形两个方面。图4-2桩受力变化特征图图4-3桩土应力变化特征图4.4.3褥垫铺设为了调整CFG桩和桩间土的共同作用，宜在基础下铺设一定厚度的褥垫层， 其铺垫厚度应严格按设计规定办理。其材料多为粗砂、中砂或级配砂石，限制最 大粒么不超过3cm o施工时先虚铺，再采用静力压实，当桩间土含水量不大时也可夯实。桩间土 poll. - he.ini. ion h - .ea . on pa., ieo Ie e.of .u-ppe . al. . oppp. June

32、 20 pa ce eg.in.pg.e a n. 1gg peb. . .a- . -g.lain i ,ace , la. ae.p - eai on . - on-nne.J.e.,“ Qia, ala e-ep- re o.-in k i n,a-, ae no- Pakof ae. - onine. - - of eno-i on, -il focu. on -u a.e -ehigh ee|- -n.u. p-ina. hha. e-e p-e go- ie, ina- a nu. -i -l- -一 ofbul- a. p-o-c- on capa ci-. SecL, -e .

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34、ce- an. a -. exe p- in - ace -. nf.-e n-, an. Lae Qa . a n.BA.ai a n. clo_ cove e nggo videoconfere nce,Secretary ofthe provincial Committee of Xia Baolong stresse d:thi s year isthe fivewatertreatment357timetables forthree years to resolveoutstanding issues, obvi ouslyworke d,victory oftheyea r.The

35、 Countysde partments at al l levelsm ustfirmlyestabli sht he guanghuiis g old a nd silver gree n devel opme ntconcept, convincedt hatCastl eis not relaxe d,alwaysmai ntaini ng strategica bility a nd strong determinati onto improve thee nvironment, consistently playing wellfive water treatmentofwinni

36、 ngthe war,ev er-hig herlevel s of compre hensivew ell-offsociety wa sbuilt.(A)laythesewage uphill battle.T his yearw e willriverwaterqualityimprove datthe countyleve l,uptofive thi s ba sic objective graspof pollution controlt hatfocus, with thefocus ont hree thi ngs:a goodjob,clear riversreachi ng

37、 the County created.Organi zation look back specialinspe ction,theCounty gar bage River,bla ckand odor ous Riveris Dragnet investigation,timelyon. Domesti csewagetreatmenti n ruralareas,this year is thefinaly earofthethree -year acti on, determination to fightandthe momentumaround,endi ngthe battle

38、on w hich fully torectification ofproblems found in pla cefirmly to preventriver poll ution rebound.In accor dancewith t he one -st op strategy, improvi ngthe inferi or fivewaterquality monitoring stationsworkthi syeartoe nsuret he Eliminati on of 1 provincialcontr ol,five waterquality secti on 3mun

39、icipalitiescontrolled deteriorati on, e nsurethe creati ont his year ofclear riversstandar ds.Se cond,pay special attenti on to poll ution-cutting construction ofnanotubes.Intercepting nanot ubesare the basis of poll ution ofwater sourceengineering ,engi neering,matter ofsuccessorfailureofwater mana

40、gement.Urba nsewagetreatment,to improveeffluentfrom sewagetreatment rate, running accuracy,com pliance requirement,speed upthetow nssupportnetworkconstructiensur ethe reali zation ofallCounty648formed villagecoverage.Al so, be sure to attachimportance tofocuson r uraldomestic wa stewatertreatment fa

41、cilityoperation a ndmanagement,e nsurethatwastewatertreatmentfacilityupand runni ng, rol epla y,avoi d theSunproblem.T hird, payspe cialattention to t he River Lake pond desilti ng operation. Pr ovincesnow have focuse don polluti on contr olofwater go t odig up mud,a s the dee pening waterofthi s ye

42、ars play s.Next,tojump-startan investigationli netouches work, impl ementation pla na ccordingt othe prioritie s andthe programme of work, i n a ccor dancewit hthe oneriver one pol icy requires detailed clea ning, dredgi ng pla n, planninga head oftimeclea ning outmud wayout, accordingto l ocal cond

43、itions t o do sludge, promote scie ntificresource utilization of silt a nd mud.(B) theheavyregulationofhe avilypoll utingi ndustries. Poll ution ofwater must grbthe source,wa stewater is primarilythe source ofbackw ard producti oncapa city, increasethe inte nsityof含水量较高，特别是高灵敏度土，要注意施工扰动对桩间土的影响，以避免产生

44、橡皮土。4.4施工准备4.4.1 技术准备会同有关单位搞好现场交接工作，详细复核有关控制点，布设现场临时用电线路、临时用水线路和其它的临时设施。熟悉和审查施工图纸：组织工程技术人员认真学习施工图纸，了解设计意图，全面熟悉和掌握施工图纸的全部内容，提出便于施工的合理化建议。编制施工组织设计：阐明施工工艺和主要项目的施工方法，劳动力组织和工程进度、质量和安全的保证措施，收集已施工的各种经验性的资料，针对本工程的特点和难点，编制切实可行的施工方案。技术交底：在工程开工前，工程技术负责人分别组织参加施工的人员进行技术交底，应结合具体操作部位、关键部位和施工难点的质量要求，操作要点及注意事项进行交底。技

45、术交底采取“分层三级”制，即技术负责人组织各分项技术人员向班组长和质检员交底，班组长和质检员接受交底后要认真反复地学习，班组长接受交底后要组织工人进行反复学习，认真贯彻执行。4.4.2施工机具及材料准备 施工机具设备根据进度计划，落实好设备配置，并及时维护，使所有机械处于正常状态，满足施工的需要，不影响施工的进度和质量。 建筑材料准备对水泥等建筑材料应根据实际情况做好进场计划，编制各项材料计划表，对各种材料的入库、保管和出库制订完善的管理办法，同时加强防盗、防火的管理。reatmentofheavilypollutingi ndustries.Accordi ng tomunicipal,a

46、nd muni cipalg overnme ntde ployme nt ofseve nbig heavy pollution industry reg ulationthreeyear sacti on plans, requirementsto De cember 2016 end ofQian,a llincluded shut stoppe d eliminate dofe nterprise allshut st opped eliminated i n pla ce;J une30, 2017 Qian,alli ncl udedpla ce reg ulation upgra

47、dea nd aggl omerationrestructuri ngofenter prise by unified standar d regul ation in place , late not standard ofenter priseare implementati on disconti nued;June 30,2018 Qian,allinte ndsPark producti on ofenter priserel ocation Parki n place , late not Parkofare discontinued.In the process ofrenova

48、ti on, willfocus on fouraspe cts:to firmlyclose thehigh energy consum ptionand heavy poll ution, hopelessenter prise g overna nce and production lines,eliminated a num berofyearly emi ssion inte nsity,lowvalue -adde d products of backw ard producti on capa city.Second,wem uststrictly enforcethe spa

49、ce,total project Trinityenvironme ntaccesssystem, promoti ng industrya ccessa nd environmental conditi ons ofaccessofe nterprise s to t he Park ,industrial park,i npr inciple, no longerthe classonthe ne w project.Thir dly,prom otingre placeme nt andre constructionofheav ily polluti ngindustrie s,mer

50、gers a nd r eorgani zations, gui dee nterprise stoenergy conservation,re cycli ng andlow-carbon a nd clea npr oduction,a nd im provet he level of green devel opment.Fourtoestabli sh along-term supe rvision mecha nism, increasethe i ntensity ofspeci alinspe ctions,investigate andpunishthe re ctificat

51、ion is notin place , normal busi ness ofrunni nganti -polluti on i nstallations do not. (Iii) linkagetopromote floodcontrol water, drainage ,watersupply,improving watersavi ng.S peed up cross ang support riverdikereinforcement, andalong Pu sea wallexce pt insurance rei nforceme nt, and Lake Qian slu

52、ice, a nd BACao slui ce,a nd cloud coverre servoi r,focusfl ood control drainage engi neeri ng constr ucti on,vig orouslyvideoconfere nce,Secretary ofthe provincial Committee of Xia Baolong stresse d:thi s year isthe fivewatertreatment357timetables forthree years to resolveoutstanding issues, obvi o

53、uslyworke d,victory oftheyea r.The Countysde partments at al l levelsm ustfirmlyestabli sht he guanghuiis g old a nd silver gree n devel opme ntconcept, convincedt hatCastl eis not relaxe d,alwaysmai ntaini ng strategica bility a nd strong determinati onto improve thee nvironment, consistently playi

54、ng wellfive water treatmentofwinni ngthe war,ev er-hig herlevel s of compre hensivew ell-offsociety wa sbuilt.(A)laythesewage uphill battle.T his yearw e willriverwaterqualityimprove datthe countyleve l,uptofive thi s ba sic objective graspof pollution controlt hatfocus, with thefocus ont hree thi ngs:a goodjob,clear riversreachnig the County created.Organi zation look back specialinspe ction,theCounty gar bage River,bla ckand odor ous Riveris Dragnet in