专升本英语专项练习阅读理解(二)

1、相品Wtr.阅读理解（2）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项.AHere are some of the world' s most impressive subways.The TokyoMetro andToei LinesFeatures: The T okyo Metro and Toei lines that compose Tokyo ' s massivesubway system carry almost 8 million people each day, making it the busiest system in the

2、 world. The system is famous for its oshiya- literally, “pusher- who shove passengers into crowded subway cars so the doors can close. And you think your commute is hell.The Moscow MetroFeatures: The Moscow Metro has some of the most beautiful stations in the world. The best of them were built durin

3、g the Stalinist era and feature chandeliers（枝形吊灯）,marble moldings and elaborate murals（精 画）.With more than 7 million riders a day, keeping all that marble clean has got to be a burden.美的壁TheHongKong MetroFeatures: The Hong Kong MTR has the distinction of being one of the few subway systems in the wo

4、rld that actually turns a profit. It ' privately owned and uses real estate development along its tracks to increase income and ridership. It also introduced“Octopus cards " that allo,to not only pay their fares electronically, but buy stuff at convenience stores, supermarkets, restaurants

5、and even parking meters. It' s（that 95 % of all adults in Hong Kong own an Octopus card .w peopleestimatedShanghai MetroFeatures: Shanghai is the third city in China to build a metro system, and it has become the country ' largest in the 12 years since it opened. Shanghai Metro has 142 miles

6、 of track and plans to add another 180 miles within five years. By that point, it would be three times larger than Chicago" L" . The system carries about 2.18 million people a day.The London MetroFeatures: Londoners call their subway the Underground, even though 55 percent of it lies above

7、 ground. No matter when you' vegot the oldest mass-transit system in the world, you can call it anything you like. Trains started in1 863 and they ' vebeen running ever since. Some 3 million people ride each day, every one of them remembering to“ Mind the（lap ” .1. Which one can provide the

8、riders some wonderful decorations at the stations?A. The Tokyo Metro and Toei LinesB.The Moscow MetroC. The London MetroD.The Hong Kong MTR2. is done with the purpose of making money.A. The Tokyo Metro and ToeiLinesB.The Moscow MetroC. The London MetroD.The Hong Kong MTR3. We can learn from the pass

9、age that Shanghai Metro.A. carries the most people each dayB. is the world' s largestC. may be larger than the Chicago" L" in the futureD. is the busiest in the world4. How many subways carry more than 5 million people per day?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5BArchaeology , like many academic words, co

10、mes from Greek and means, more or less, “ the study of old things ” . So, it is really a part of the study of history. However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs, but archaeologists（考古学家）learn from the objectsleft behind by the humans of long ago. Normall

11、y, these are the hard materials相品用。3 that don ' t break down or disappear very quickly things like human bones and objects made from stone and metal.It is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of historynormally, the bacteria in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies

12、, clothes and things made of wood. Occasionally, things are different.In 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss, in the north of England. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetab

13、le soup walk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever. The men were working when one of them saw something sticking outa human foot! Naturally, the men called the police, who then found the rest of the body. Was it a case of murder? Possibly buy it was a death nearly two thousand ye

14、ars old. The two men had found a body from the time of the Roman invasion of Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organs the scientists who examined him were able to look inside the man ' s stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal!Why

15、 was this man so well preserved? It was because he was in a very watery environment, safe from the bacteria that need oxygen to live. Also, the water in the bog was very acidi c. The acid preserved the man ' s skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes.How did he d

16、ie? Understandably, archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know more about the person that they called“ Lindow Man ” . Hishands a nd fingernails suggested that he hadn' t done heavy manual work inthis life he could have been a rich man. They found that he hadn' t died byaccident. The

17、archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods.5. Which language does the wor d archaeology " come from?A. French. B. Greek C. Roman. D. German。6. The word “these " in the first paragraph refers to.A. letters B. photographs C. paintings D. objects7. Which of the foll

18、owing helped to preserve“ Lindow Man ” ？A. Ice and low temperatureB. Bacteria and oxygenC. Soil and energyD. Acid and water8. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?相品用。3A. “Lindow Man" was named after the person who first found him.B. Historians usually use paper e

19、vidence, while archaeologists use hard evidence.C. “Lindow Man" was found by two archaeologists in the south of England.D. “Lindow Man" was good at manual work.9. Which is the best title for the passage?A. What Is Archaeology?B. Archaeology and HistoryC. An Amazing Archaeological Discovery

20、D. The Death of“Lindow Man”CWhat is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people

21、 believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science.The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systemsofknowledge that scientists and technologists develop. The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in the

22、ir work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even

23、if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective（ 客观的）and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observe

24、rs obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum（ 光谱）.He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists alway

25、s check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is full of imagination since

26、 he often has to look for relationships in datawhich are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, heneedsimagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and act

27、s.10. Many people believe that science helps society to progress throughA. knowledge only.B. more than one aspect.C. technology only.D. the use of machines.11. Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE?A. He doesn ' ftnd confidence and pleasure in work.B. He is interest

28、ed in problems that are explained.C. He makes efforts to investigate potential connections.D. He looks for new ways of acting.12. According to the passage, a successful scientist would NOT.A. easily believe in unchecked statements.B. easily criticize others' research work.C. always use his imagi

29、nation in work.D. always use evidence from observation.13. Which word can be used to describe the data that a good scientist uses?A. completeB. objective C. complicatedD. accurate14. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Application of technology.B. Progress in modem society.C. Scientists' way

30、s of thinking and acting.D. How to become a successful scientist.DMost of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weeke

31、nd place in the country. The most popular free time activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers （ 慢跑者）jog, they don ' t run the streets. Every one of them automatically heads to the park or the river. It is my firm belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature,

32、 whether we know we are doing so or not.But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived（丧失）.I spent myboyhood climbing trees. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas about what is

33、best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD （ 多动症）.Those whose housing had more natural views showed an improveme

34、nt of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US s

35、tudy suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, the entire school would do better in studies.Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy （ 等级）based on physical abilities, with the tough ones

36、 taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.Most bullying （恃强凌弱）is found in schools where there is a tarmac （柏油碎石） playground; the least bullying is in a natural a

37、rea that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School, with its hard tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners dreaming about wildlife.But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear

38、 that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indic

39、ates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.The life of old people is much better when they have access to nature. The most important for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of ye

40、ars. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when

41、 there is contact with the natural world.Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its process helps reduce anger and behavior that people might regret later. Wild places need encour

42、aging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.We tend to think human beings are doing nature some kind of favour when we are protecting nature. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are sep

43、arable things is damaging.Human beings are a species of animals. For seven million years we lived on the planet as part of nature. So we miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a glass of beer, given or receiv

44、ed a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.We need the wild world. It is necessary to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without other living things around us we are less than human.相品15. What is the author ' s firm belief?A. People seek natu

45、re in different ways.B. People should spend most of their lives in the wild.C. People have quite different ideas of nature.D. People must make more efforts to study nature.16. What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays?A. Personal freedom.B. Things that are natural.C. Urban s

46、urroundings.D. Things that are purchased.17. What does a study in Sweden show?A. The natural environment can help children learn better.B. More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.C. A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.D. Natural views can prevent childr

47、en from developing ADHD.18. Children who have chances to explore natural areas.A. tend to develop a strong love for scienceB. are more likely to dream about wildlifeC. tend to be physically tougher in adulthoodD. are less likely to be involved in bullying 19. What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD? A. Find more effective drugs for them. B. Provide more green spaces for them. C. Place them under more personal care. D.Engage them in more meaningful activities. 20. In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature? A. They look on life