职称英语理工类A真题及答案(完整版)

1、2015职称英语理工类A真题及答案（完整版）第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A. control B. observe C. regulate D. accept2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work.A. sense B. talent C. flavor D. taste3. Most people find reject

2、ion hard to accept.A. excuse B. client C. refusal D. destiny4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D. sensible5. They were locked in mortal combat.A. deadly B. open C. actual D. active6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A. amount B. supply C

3、. tempt D. sum7. The procedures were perceived as complex and lesstransparent.A. clear B. necessary C. special D. correct8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.A. Service B. danger C. disorder D. threat9. He believes that Europe must change or it willperish.A. survive B

4、. last C. die D. move10. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.A. fair B. full C .coexisting D. public11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.A. policy B. value C .equality D. integration12. A salesman s cardinal rule is to satisfy customer

5、s.A. principal B. official C. simple D. legal13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situationA. silence B. praise C .assure D. complain14. We lived for years in aperpetual state of fearA. emotional B. nervous C. terrible D. Continuous15. The starving children were apathetic s

6、ight.A. common B. unexpected C. unforgettable D. pitiful第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题l分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A; 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Lack of Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on EarthScientists have long speculated as to why animal species didn t flourish soo

7、ner, once sufficient oxygen covered the Earth s surface. Animals began to prosper atthe end of the Proterozoic period, about 800 million years ago but what aboutthe billion-year stretch before that, when most researchers think there also was plenty of oxygen?Well, it seems the air wasn t so great th

8、en, after all.In a study published Oct. 31 in Science, Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and his colleagues found that oxygen levels during the “ boring billion ” period were only 0.1% of what they are today. In other words, Earth s atmosphere couldn t havesupported a diversity of creatures, no matter

9、what genetic advancements were poised to occur.“ There is no question that genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise of animals, but it is equally unavoidable that animals need a certain level of oxygen, ” said Planavsky, co-lead author of the research along with Christoph

10、er Reinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology. “ We re providing the first evidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to potentially prevent the rise of animals. ”The scientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium (Cr) isotopes in ancient sediments from China, Austral

11、ia, Canada, and the United States. Chromium is found in the Earth s continental crust, and chromium oxidation is directly linked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.Specifically, the team studied samples deposited in shallow, iron-rich oceanareas, near the shore. They compared their dat

12、a with other samples taken from younger locales known to have higher levels of oxygen.Oxygen s role in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists. “ We were missing the right approach until now,” Planavsky said.“ Chromium gave us the proxy. ” Previous estimates put the oxy

13、gen level at 40% of today s conditions during pre-animal times, leaving open the possibility that oxygen was already plentiful enough to support animal life.In the new study, the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were “ highly dynamic ” in the early atmosphere, with the potential for occas

14、ional spikes. However, they said, “It seems clear that there is a first-order difference in the natureof Earth surface Cr cycling ” before and after the rise of animals.“ If we are right, our results will really change how people view the originsof animals and other complex life, and their relations

15、hips to the co-evolvingenvironment, ” said co-author Tim Lyons of the University of California-Riverside.“This could be a game changer. ”“ There s a lot of interest right now in a broader discussion surrounding the role that environmental stability played in the evolution of complex life, and we thi

16、nk our results are a significant contribution to that,” Reinhard said.16. The study discovered the rise of animals occurred earlier than the Proterozoic period.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17. Many researchers believe the oxygen level was high during pre-animal times.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not me

17、ntioned18. The team was funded by several research institutes.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19. Genetic advancements triggered the rise of animals.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20. The samples studied in the research were collected in ocean areas.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21. The stu

18、dy revealed that chromium found in Earth s continental crust remained stable before and after the rise of animals.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22. Tim Lyons liked to play computer games in his spare time.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 23 30题，每题 1 分，共 8 分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第

19、2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段 每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定 1个最佳 选项。First Image-recognition Software1. Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before.2. The n

20、ew system, which was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm （运算法则 ） for imagerecognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough to improve large-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel （像素） data in images

21、and potentiallyvideo rather than just text to locate documents. It learns to recognize thepixels associated with a search phrase by studying the results from text-basedimagesearch engines. The knowledge gleaned （ 收集 ） from those results can then be applied to other photos without tags or captions （

22、图片说明 ）, making for more accurate document search results.3. Over the last 30 years, says Associate Professor Lorenzo Torresani, a co-author of the study, the Webhas evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growingmultimedia data set, where nearly everypage

23、includes multiple pictures or videos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately gets the gist （ 主旨 ） of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, all existing popular search engines, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively

24、the text of Web pages to perform the document retrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search.4. The researchers designed and tested a machine

25、vision system a type ofartificial intelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed that extracts semantic （ 语义的 ） information from the pixels of photos in Web pages. This information is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document

26、 retrieval. The researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries （ 查询 ）on a database of 50 million Webpages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from

27、the pictures of the Webpages. They found that this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text.23. Paragraph 1 24. Paragraph 2 25. Paragraph 3 26. Paragraph 4 A. Function of the new systemB. Improvement in document retrievalC. Publication of th

28、e new discoveryD. Problems of the existing search enginesE. Popularity of the new systemF. Artificial intelligence software created27. The new system does document retrieval by .28. The new system is expected to improve precision in .29. When performing document retrieval the existing search engines

29、 ignore _30. The new system was found more effective in document search than the A. using photosB. description of the HTML pageC. current popular search enginesD. document searchE. information in imagesF. machine vision systems第 4 部分：阅读理解( 第 31 45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分 )下面有3 篇短文，每篇短文后有5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1

30、个最佳选项。第一篇Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-FluIF a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results have come from their mask research ye

31、t. However, the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway, just in case.But it s a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cameup with preli

32、minary guidelines. “Wedon t want people wearing them everywhere, ” said the CDC. “ The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure. ”When that s not possible, the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three following situations. First, youre health

33、y and can t avoid going to a crowded place. Second t you re sick and think you may have close contact with the healthy, such as a family member checking on you. Third, you live with someone who s sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection, but still need to go out.Influenza pandemics ca

34、n strike when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never have experienced. Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive, although concern is rising that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to person.During the flu pand

35、emic, you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds, and avoid close contact with the sick unless you must care for someone. Whyaren t masks added to this self-protection list? Because they can help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze. Simple surgical masks only filte

36、r the larger droplets. Besides, the CDC is afraid masks may create a false sense of security.Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting mask and hop on the subway instead.Nor does flu only spread through the air. Say someone covers a sneeze with his or her hand, then touche

37、s a doorknob or subway pole. If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or mouth, you ve been exposed. It s harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe that sweat, and may transfer germs caught on the

38、 outside of the mask straight to the nose. These are the problems face masks may create for their users.Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question. The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are still doing.31. What is th

39、e passage mainly about?A. Widespread use of face masks. B. Possibility of a worldwide flu outbreakC. New discoveries of a face mask research. D. Effectiveness of wearing face masks32. The CDC suggests that peopleA. stay alone when being sick. B. wear face masks when going to a crowded place.C. wear

40、face masks wherever possible. D. remain at home if living with someone who s sick.33. The word that in Paragraph 3 refers toA. making preparations. B. avoiding exposureC. coming up with guidelines. D. wearing face masks everywhere.34. Which of the following statements is true?A. Scientists warn the

41、next flu is coming soon.B. Asian bird flu is spreading easily from person to person.C. Masks protect people because they keep viruses away.D. Masks are not effective if a flu strikes.35. One of the concerns the CDC has is thatA .masks may give people a wrong assumption of being safe.B. the sick may

42、not wear masks and go out.C. flu virus may spread via public transportation.D. healthy people may not know how to protect themselves.第二篇 What s killing the BatsFirst it was bees. Now it is bats. Biologists in America are working hard to discover the cause of the mysterious deaths of tens of thousand

43、s of bats in the northeastern part of the country. Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats （Myotis lucifugus,） but other species, such as the long-eared bat, the small-footed hat, the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have also been affected. In some caves, more than 90 per

44、cent of the bat populations have died.One possibility is disease. A white fungus （ 真菌 ）known as fusarium has been found on the noses of both living and dead bats. However, scientists dont know If the fungus is the primary cause of death, a secondary cause of death, or not a cause at all, but the res

45、ult of some other conditions.Another possible cause is a lack of food. For example, bats typically eat a large number of moths （ 蛾）, and in some states such as New York, the number of moths has been declining in recent years. If bats can t eat enough food, they starve to death.Still other scientists

46、 believe that global warming is to blame. Warmer temperatures in recent years have been waking up hibernating （ 冬眠 ）bats earlier than usual. If bats break their hibernation at the wrong time, they might not find their expected food sources. The weather might also turn cold again and weaken or kill t

47、he bats.Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off, but they do agree on the consequences. Bats are an important predator of mosquitoes; a single brown bat can eat 1,000 or more insects in an hour. They also eat beetles and other insects that damage plant crops. If there arent enoug

48、h bats, damage will be great from the insects they eat While bats live a long time for their size 一 the little brown bat can live for more than 30 years 一 a female bat has only one baby per year, so bat populations grow slowly. Many bat species in the United States are already protected or endangere

49、d.How can you help? Do not disturb sleeping or nesting bats. If you discover bate that seem to be sick or that are dead, contact your local Fish& Wildlife Department with the details. However, be careful not to touch the animals.36. What is the main idea of this passage?A. All species of bats in Nor

50、th America are dying.B. Scientists already know the cause of the deaths of batsC. The bat deaths are a serious problem.D. There are many possible causes of the deaths of bats.37. What does the first sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Bees have been dying mysteriously.B. The first article on the website

51、 is about bees.C. Bees usually die before bats.D. It was bees that caused the deaths of bats.38. The word “ pipistrelle in Paragraph 1 refers toA. a kind of fungus. B. an area in the U.S. C. a special cave. D. a kind of bat.39. The moths in Paragraph 3 are taken as an example ofA. diseases that kill

52、 bats. B. Insects that bats eat.C. animals that have diseases. D. bat species that are starving to death.40. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A. To get people to stop killing bats. B. To hire workers for the Fish & Wildlife Department.C. To ask people not to touch dead bats. D. To tell the

53、public how to help bats. 第三篇 Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More LightSolar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That s becau

54、se they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn t a very efficient way to gather heat.That s a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a subst

55、antially lower cost. And its also a space problem ： photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better

56、PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra fromThinSilicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen sUniversity, Canada.but you can also make solarMost solar panels are made with crystalline siliconcells out of amorphous silicon, c

57、ommonly known as thin-film silicon. They don tcreate as much electricity,but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, becausethey require much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately，thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Stae

58、bler-Wronski effect.“ That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains ， which is oneof the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new type of PVT. You don t have toco