人教版新目标八年级上第一单元知识点讲解及练习

1、Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?语言功能：谈论过去的事件重点词7匚：try, wonder, dislike, wonderful, bored, were, was, stayed visited, arrived, went, bought, ate,saw, felt, walk, discuss, expensive, cheap, interesting, boring, exciting, terrible, friendlyspecial, delicious, rainy , sunny, decide to do sth. quite

2、a few.重点短语：quite a few相当多，不少of course 当然feel like给的感觉,感受到because of 因为go on vacation 去度假go to summer camp 去夏令营study for tests为考试学习hot, wet, go on vacation, stay at home,stay at home 呆在家go shopping 去购物seem to be 好像decide to do sth决定做某事ride bicycles骑 自 行车enough money足够的钱the top of the hill 山顶重点句型： Whe

3、re did you go on vacation? We went to New York.Did you go to Central Park?Yes, I did.How was the weather?It was sunny.语言结构：一般过去时：肯定句：谓语动词用过去式否定句：助动词did not+动词原形（did not可缩写为didn''疑问句：助动词did+主语+动词原形语法someone 某人， anyone某人/任何人,no one没有人, everyone 每人。1.不定代词，不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词，常用不定代词有: something 某

4、事，somebody 某人，anything/某事，任何事，anybody 某人/任何人，nothing 没有东西，nobody 没有人，everything 每一件事，everybody 每人，all所有的，each每个，both两者都，much许多，many许多，（a） little少许，（a）few很少得，other（ s）其他的（其他人），another另一个，none没有，one , either两者中的一个，neither两者都不。someone, anyone, no one, everyone, something, nothing复合不定代词作主语，谓语用单数；either,

5、 neither, each, little, much等不定代词作主语时，谓语也用单数。如：Nothing is yet certain. 一切都还没有肯定。Neither was satisfactory.两者都不使人满意。No one goes to the school during the vacation.（四期时没人至 U学校去。一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要放在不定代词之后。There is nothing wrong with the radio.Do you have anything to sa/Id like something to eat.Eg. Have you b

6、ought for Lindas birthday?-Not exactly. Just some flowers.A. something unusual B. anything unusual C. unusual something D. unusual anything巩固练习I'm so thirsty. Shall we getto drink?I don ' t think knows her new address.There's in the new cupboard. It's empty now.is too difficult if yo

7、u put your heart into it.I think you can find him in the school.Could you tell different between the two pictures?Please help yourself to soup.something ,anyone, nothing, Nothing ,nowhere somewhere anything, some一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过 去主语所具备的能力和性格。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, la

8、st night, in 1990,two days agd一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和 often, always等表示频率的时间状语 连用。基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他；否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词；一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他1 . Be动词的一般过去时态.在没有实义动词的句子中使用 be动词，am, is的过去式为was; are的过去式为were.构成：肯定何： 主语+was (were)以语.如：I was late yesterday.(昨天我迟到了。) 否定何：主语+was (were

9、) +notM语，如：We weren't late yesterday.(我们昨天没有迟到) 疑问句：Was (Were)持语 + 表语，如： Were you a student? 特殊疑问旬：特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语 Why was he late for school last Monday? 上星期一他为什么迟到？2 .实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词did.否定句：主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+宾语I did my homework yesterday.I did

10、n ' t do mhomework yesterday.否定旬)Did you do your homework yesterday? Yes, I did. /No, I didn上股疑问旬)3 .情态动词的一般过去时：肯定句式：主语+情态动词+其它 否定句式：主语+情态动词+ not +其它. 一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+其它？注： 情态动词的过去式：canfcould , may fmight , must fmuswill-would , should-should。特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他What could she do twent

11、y years ago 20 年前她能做什么?例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1. Mr. Mott is out. But he here a few minutes ago.A. was B. is C. will be D. would be2. -Hi, Tom.-Hello, Fancy. I you were here.A. don't know B. won't think C. think D. didn't know动词过去式的变化规则1 . 一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加ed,如：workworked looklooked2 .以不发音 e结尾的单词

12、，直接力口 d: livelived hopehoped useused3 . 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的， 变 y 为 i 力口 ed: studystudied carrycarried worryworried4 .以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed: stopstopped planplanned重读闭音节体现形式为辅-元-辅结构，5 .不规则变化的动词过去式：have-had 有arewere 是get-got 得至Usay-said 说feel-felt 感觉do/doesdid 做is-was 是go-went 去drinkdrank 喝eat ate 吃bring-br

13、ought 带来 think-thought 想，认为buy-bought 买catch- caught 抓住teach- taught 教sit-sat 坐wear-wore 穿cut-cut 切割sweep-swept 打扫 sleepslept 睡觉become-becam蛾为一般过去时练习题，.请用正确动词形式填空1. He(live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.3. We (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the

14、 farm last week.5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They(play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls (dance) at the party last night.9. I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week.10.you(visit) your relatives last Spring Fes

15、tival?按要求变换句型。1. Frank read an interesting book about history.(一般疑问句) Frank an interesting book about history?2. He cleaned his room just now.(戈U线提问)What he just now?3. Thomas spent $10 on this book.（否定句）Thomas$10 on this book.4. My family went to the beach last week.（划线提问） family last week?Go on va

16、catio4度彳贸；on vacation,在度彳贸（表状态）summer vacation 暑假 winter vacation 寒假Haikou is a beautiful city. Let，s there.My parents are in Hawaii.some 一些，某些，某个，any 一些，任何some和any既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词，some常用在肯定句中，而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。因此 some和any的用法主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定 句中 A: Are there any apples in the fridge?B: Yes, there

17、are some./ No, there arenany.A: Is there any water in the bottle?B: Yes, there is some water./ No, there isn any water.Eg. He asked me for paper, but I didnt have.A. some; some B. any; someC. some; any D. any; any但在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用 some而不用any。如：Would you like some coffee?你要不要来点咖啡？Many,

18、much, a lot of 许多much只能修饰不可数名词many只能修饰可数名词复数A lot of =lots of接可数名词时谓语用复数，接不可数名词时，谓语用单数。a 10t是副词性短语，修饰动词。比如：Thanks a lot.= Thanks very much.再比如：I know him a lot。Few 和 a few, little 和 a little.few, a few是修饰可数名词复数的，little, a little是修饰不可数名词的。a few, a little意思是有一些，表肯定意味，few, little ,意思是很少，几乎没有表否定意味。He ha

19、s friends here, he feels lonely.他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。There are eggs in the basket 子里有几个鸡蛋。There is ink in my bottle, can you give me ink?我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗？Decide决定，下决心decide to do sth.决定做某事，相当于 make up ones mind to do sth. decide的名词形式为 decision.decide to do sth 的否定形式是 decided not to do sth.decide移词：I can

20、't decide the date of the meetin斯决定不了这次会议的日期。decide to do sth He decides to go to Hong Kang on vacation 决定去香港度假。 decide锁问词 +to do： They can't decide whom to invite.他们不能决定该邀请谁。decide银语从旬： We decided that we would not go to the party tonight.Eg. Goldilocks decided to for a walk in the forest.A

21、. go B. to go C. going D. goestry,尝试，努力，试图try to do sth.尽力做某事；try not to do sth.尽力不去做某事try doing sth.试着做某事；try on试穿（接名词时，名词放在on前后都可以，接代词时，代词须放在try和on之间She is trying to draw a horseft 正努力画一匹马。You should try taking more exercised应该试着多运动 .I ll try y best to help you.我会尽力帮助你。This skirt is very nice. Wou

22、ld you like to try it on?这条裙子很漂亮，你想试一下吗？What a difference a day makes!多么不同的 天啊！由what引导的感叹句，What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！What a beautiful girl she is!她是一个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！What important jobs they have done!Eg.wonderful concert they are putting on in the city square!A. How B. What C. What a D. What anEnough,足够的修饰

23、名词时， enough放前，如 enough money ,enough time修饰形容词或副词时， enough放后面，如 good enough, happy enough,well enough Eg.I don't know him to ask him for help.A. good enough B. enough good C. enough well D. well enoughDid everyone have a good time?家都玩得很开心吗？have a good time = enjoy oneself = have fun 玩得开心 (+ doin

24、g) eg: We had a good time visiting the the Great Wall.=We enjoyed ourselves visiting the the Great Wall.=We had fun visiting the the Great Wall.I really enjoyed walking around the town.我真的彳艮喜欢在镇上至U处走走。（P5）enjoy及物动词,意为 喜爱；欣赏；享受的乐趣”，其后接名词，代词或动名词作宾语 a. Do you enjoy your job?你喜欢你的工作吗？b. I enjoy reading

25、books.我喜欢读书。（enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事）拓展： enjoy oneself =have a good time = have fu 玩得开心（+ doing sth）Bored无聊的，无趣的，常用来形容人，boring形容物 bored用于形容人，一般用作表语。如 I am bored.boring用于形容物，意思是令人厌烦的，乏味的。如 it is a boring day!类似用法的词还有：interested对一感兴趣，修饰人,interesting有趣的，修饰物；excited感到兴奋 的，激动的"，一般修饰某人.exciting令人兴奋的，使人

26、激动的"，一般修饰某物;surprised感到惊 讶的，一般修饰人，surprising令人惊讶的，一般修饰物。I am interested in English.我对英语感兴趣。This book is very interesting 这本书彳艮有趣。Feel like感觉像，给人的感觉像是.,摸起来像1 .后接名词Do you feel like a rest?你想休息一下吗？The material feels like velvet.这料子摸起来像丝绒。2 .后接代词 We ll go for a walk if you feel like it.你愿意的话，咱们就去散散

27、步。3 .后接动名词I feel like catching a cold.我像是感冒了。4 .后接句子I feel like I want to cry.我觉得我想哭。Wait,等待wait for,等待，如 I'll wait for you.我会等你的.can't wait,等不及,如 We can't wait to get started.我们迫不及待地想要开始了。Wait a minute, wait a moment.等会JL；不肖等下I want to talk to you, but it can wait.我想和你谈谈，但可以等会儿再说。Becaus

28、4口 because of 因为becaus更连词，其后接原因X犬语从句或回答以why开头的问句；而because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。如(1)he is ill, he is absent today.(2)He is not at school his 川ness.(3)He can ' t comethe heavy rain.(4)We like physics we can learn a lot of ideas.感官动词look, sound, smell, taste, feet当系动词，后接形容词，形成系表结构。He looks angry.他看起来很生气。His explanation soundsreasonable.他的解释 听起来 合理。The cakessmell nice.这个蛋糕 闻起来很香。The dishes