情态动词导学案

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高一英语情态动词导学案【明确目标】1、掌握情态动词的用法2、能够运用所学情态动词知识进行熟练对话。【自学指导】概说：情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态，需要，可能，愿意和怀疑等。情态动词有一定的词义，但不完整，必须和主要动词的原形一起构成谓语。常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, have to, ought to, need, dare, shall, will, should, would, be able to, etc.一. can , could, be able to用法I. 1) can 表示体力或脑力方面的能力，或根

2、据客观条件能够做某事的能力。 A blind man can not judge color. He can speak five languages. 2) 表示许可，在疑问句中表示要求，否定句中 表示不许。 Can (May) I come in ? - Can I use your dictionary? - Of course, you can.3) 表示可能性，常用于疑问句和否定句中.Can it be true? Can the hall seat a thousand people? Someone is knocking at the door. Who can it be?S

3、he cant be here. Mary cant have gone there alone.4) be able to与can 的比较A) 表示能力时可通用No one can / is able to do it. Can you come tonight? /Will you be able to come tonight?B) 表示经过努而成功地办到了某个具体的事情时，只能用be able to 不可用 can。With the help of the firemen, they were able to leave the burning house.After years of

4、 hard work he was able to win the prize.2. could 1) could 是can的过去时，除具有can的各种功能外，还可以用来比较委婉，客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Could you come a little earlier? Im sorry I couldnt lend you the book now.- Could I borrow your bicycle? - Yes, of course, you can. ( 不可用could ) I could come earlier, if necessary.2) can 和could 还可表

5、示某人或某物一时的特点，可译为“有可能，有时会”。He can be very friendly. He could be very proud.二. may, might 1） 表示许可，允许，译为“可以”You may take the book home. People may not pick flowers in the park. Id like to ask a question if I may ask.- May I watch TV tonight? -Yes, you may. (No, you mustnt/youd better not.)- May I smoke

6、here? - Yes, please. / please dont.2) 表示推测，“或许，可能” 表示一件事或许会发生，一般用在陈述句中。It may rain tomorrow. They may not be there today. 3) 表示祝愿May our friendship live long! May you succeed!May you have a good time! May you be happy!4) may well + 动词原形意为“理应，有足够的理由” may /might as well+ 动词原形用来建议或劝说某人采取某种行动，有时相当于had b

7、etter常译为 “还不如,不妨”。He may well be proud of his son. It is very late, so you may / might as well go to bed.Might: might是 may 的过去式，在表示可能时可以换用，但might 可能性较小，或表示更婉转的语气。 Jim may lend you money. Might I ask a question? May I ask for a photo of yours?I wonder if I might borrow some money?三. must, have to, ne

8、ed1. must 的用法： 1） 表示必须要做的事，意为“必须” ，mustnt表示禁止。在回答must的问句时,不用mustnt,而用neednt或dont have to I must leave at 9. We must do everything step by step. We mustnt waste our time. - Must we hand in our exercises today?- Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.2) must表示“偏要，非得”，（多指不愉快的事）Why must

9、 you always interrupt me? 3）must 还可表示推断。 must +do对现在事推测; must +have done 对过去事推测. must + be dong对正在进行的事推测This must be Jims pen. You must be joking. I cant find my key. I must have left it in the bus.2. must与 have to的比较： 1). have to比较强调客观需要，表示因客观环境或事态促使而不得不做某事；must强调主观看法，表示主观上认为有必要做某事。I must learn ano

10、ther foreign language. You have to learn another foreign language if you want to work here.2) have to多表示义务或习惯动作； must 则表示一种重要或急迫的事情。You have to care for the young. She has to be at the office before eight every day. You must go to the manager at once, or youll be dismissed. 【合作探究】3. need 的用法： 1）作情态动

11、词用时，多用于疑问或否定句中。回答need提出的问句时，肯定常用must否定常用neednt / dont have toYou need not do anything here. He never need know. She need hardly say anything to him. I dont think he need come. Need I repeat it? There need be no hurry, need there? - Need I go so soon? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. / No, you dont

12、 have to. 2）need have +过去分词，表示本没必要做，事实上做了You neednt have told them about it.I invited only two guests, so you neednt havebrought so much food.need用做行为动词时的用法：1) need to do ; need doing ; need to be done 的用法I need to buy a new dictionary. My bike needs to be repaired / repairing.2) 在will或 shall 表示的将来时

13、中need常用做行为动词。You will never need to worry about him. You will need to say nothing 四. will 和 would 的用法：1. 表示意愿意志和决心或固执，用于非人主语时，表示固有性质，倾向She wont lend me the money. He is the man who will go his own way.Ill never play a joke on him. I wont argue with you.The window wont open. The door wont shut.2. 表示客

14、观事实Fish will die out of water. Oil will float on water.3. 表示一种揣想，用于二，三人称It will be Mr. Wang knocking at the door. She will have heard of the accident.Sorry to be late. You will have been waiting for some time. You will not be familiar with these rare plants.4. 用于疑问句表示邀请或请求Will you give me a piece of

15、 paper? Wont you come in and have a little wine?Would you please tell me your telephone number?5. 表示“诺言” ，“命令” ，“叮嘱” ，“强迫” 译为“保证/ 保证不， 必须，一定要We will pay back the money soon. I wont do it any more, I promise you.Youll wait here till I come back. No one will leave the examination room before 12 oclock

16、. 6. 表示意图或允诺You will have your share. I will trouble you for the dictionary.7. 表示拒绝，用wontI wont listen to your nonsense. The dog wont stop barking.8. would与 will的用法基本相同，would是will的过去式。如：will表示习惯而would过去习惯；用在疑问句中would比will语气更温婉等差异。I told him that I would go along with him. Would like something to eat

17、? When I was a child, I would go swimming every summer.五. shall, should, ought 的用法 A) shall的用法1. 用于一，三人称， 表示征求意见或请求指示。Shall I turn on the light? Shall we meet in the evening?Shall + he /she / they +do sth = Do you want him / her / them to do sth2. 用于二，三人称，表示决心，意志，允诺，命令， 警告，威胁，命运或必然的结果等。You shall hav

18、e my answer tomorrow.（允诺） You shall be sorry for it one day. （ 警告） B) should的用法1. 表示劝告，建议，应该做，且有一种道义上的责任。You should study the article carefully. Such a thing shouldnt be allowed to happen again.I should help him because he is in trouble now. You should do it because you have promised to.2. 表示对现在，将来，

19、过去情况的某种推测，译为 “可能，应该，该”。He should arrive at noon. Jim should be at home now.They should have finished the work by tomorrow. They should have reached the town by now.3. 用于委婉，谦虚的提出意见，请求建议。I should say it would be better to try it again. I should think you are right.Id like to have a talk with you. 4. 用

20、于疑问或感叹句中，表示意外，惊异等情绪，与what, how, why, who连用，且问句不需回答，有些相当于修辞性问句。 Should we stand by and do nothing? Should you be so silly?5. 在某些从句中，表示惊异，不以为然等情绪。可译为“竟然” ；用在独立的that从句中，这时，that从句已成为感叹句，可视为省略了Im sorry等；用在结果状语从句中，表示“竟会”That things should come to this! 竟落到这种地步！ That a man should be cruel! 人竟会如此残忍！What hav

21、e I said that you should get angry? 我说了什么竟使你生气了？ 6. 用来表示虚拟（should + do / should + have done） 1）句中有表示命令，请求，建议，坚持等意义时， 名词性从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟(should + do)The teacher suggested that we should practice speaking English as much as possible.My suggestion is that you should go with us. It is suggested that we sho

22、uld start work at once.He made a suggestion that we should help the poor.2）在下面结构的主语从句中 It is important / necessary / natural / strange / a pity etc用虚拟 (should + do)It is important that we should study another foreign language.It is a great pity that she should have failed to see such a wonderful per

23、formance.3) 在lest, for fear that, in case引起的状语从句中， 谓语动词用(should + do)He clears the glass with care for fear that he should break it. Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. 4) should + have done表示过去应该做某事却没做。含有“责备，内疚”之意。 You should have told him about it.They should / ought to have come back yeste

24、rday.六. dare的用法1）dare 用作情态动词常表示现在或将来时间，有时也可表示过去，可用于肯定句，否定句，疑问句或if,unless等引导的从句He dare go deep into the mountains alone. She dare say what she thinks.He dare not criticize her. How dare you do such a thing?2) dare 用作行为动词时常用作及物动词，表示“敢于，敢冒，敢于面对，向挑战”后可跟名词，代词或不定式He dares any difficulties. He dares me to

25、jump over the wall. 他向我挑战跳过那堵墙He dared to swim in the river.She didnt dare to tell her mother about it. I wonder how he dared to say so注：Dare同 shall, will, should, would, have, had等连用时，常用作行为动词. I will not dare to climb the tree. He would never dare to do it.They have never dared to swim in the lake.

26、【展示点拨】七.情态动词+动词完成式的用法1. may和might +动词完成式1）常用于推测过去的行为，表示“可能已经” He may have received the letter. It might have happened last October.2）也可表示将来某时之前的情况 He may have left when you get there. She might have died before he returns.3）表示现在已经完成的情况 He might have arrived now. She may have got up now.2. can / coul

27、d +动词完成式 1) 表示本来能做而没做的事，有一种对过去未付 朱实施的事情的惋惜I could have passed the exam, but I was too careless. 2）对过去某种事实或行为的推测 Where can / could she have gone?3. must +动词完成式, 表示对过去行为的推断，具 有较大的可能性，译为“一定，想必” He must have known about it.4. neednt +动词完成式和 didnt need to do 1）neednt +动词完成式,表示一种已经做过的但并无比要的行为You neednt ha

28、ve watered the flowers, for it is going to rain. 2）didnt need to do, 表示没有必要做某事，实际上也没做。I didnt need to clean the windows. My sister did it.八. 情态动词+动词进行式该结构表示“应当正在可能正在”She might be still thinking of you. What can / could she be doing now?She may / might be watering the flowers. She must be watering th

29、e flowers.She cant be watering the flowers. 1) used to + V. ( usednt to + V. / didnt use to + V. Used + S + to + V. / did + S + use to + V.)2) had better / best (not) +V.(Had +S +better +V.)3) would rather ( not ) +V. You had better not go by air. What had we better do? Wouldnt you rather work here?

30、 I would rather have come back yesterday afternoon. 【当堂检测】1. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would2. You _ be hungry already - you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt3. - What do you think we

31、can do for our aged parents? - You _ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. A. dont have to B. oughtnt to C. mustnt D. cant4. John promised his doctor he _ not smoke. And he has never smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would5. What a pity! Considering his ability and expe

32、rience, he _ better. A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done6. Liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may7. She _ have left school, for her bike is still here. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 8. According to th

33、e air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. may B. can C. would D. should9. - I cant find my purse anywhere. - You _ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would10. - Im sorry. I _ at you the other day. - Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.

34、A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted【练习达标】1. - What sort of house do you want to have? Something big? - Well, it _ be big - thats not important. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. wont2. - What does the sign over there read? - “No person _ smoke or carry a li

35、ghted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.” A. will B. may C. shall D. must3. Some aspects of a pilots job _ be bring; and pilots often _ work at inconvenient. A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must4. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where _ I have put it? A. can B. must C. sho

36、uld D. would5. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A. should have taken B. could have taken C. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken6. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you _ take care of your luggage. A. can B. may C. must

37、D. will7. - She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. - I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might8. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _ have driven her there. A. could B. must C. might D. should9. - Mr. Gordon asked me to remind you

38、of the meeting this afternoon. Dont forget it! -OK, I _. A. wont B. dont C. cant D. neednt10. - How is your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? - It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A. will B. would C. should D. must【课后反思】ANSWERS：15 BBADD 610 DADAB 1115 BCAAC1620 CCDAC【合作探究】Choose the

39、best answers.(skiming)1.How many types of festivals are mentioned in the passage?A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six2. The beginning of festivals of the dead is related to _. A. religion B. seasons C. special people D. hunting 3At festivals people can do all the following except _. A. forget their wo

40、rk for a little while B. enjoy life C. travel around the world D. be proud of their customs 4Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage? A. Carnival and Columbus Day. B. Halloween and Spring Festivals. C. Thanksgiving Festivals and Obon. D. Valentines Day and Fools Day.5Which of the

41、 following is right? A. The ancient people always worry about their food.B. Halloween is a festival intended to honour the hero.C. To honor the great poet Qu Yuan, people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival.D. Easter celebrates the birth of Jesus.6Fill in the following chartKinds of FestivalsNames of

42、 FestivalsCountriesFestivals ofthe Dead  Festivalsto Honour People  Harvest Festivals  Spring Festivals  【展示点拨】Careful-reading1. Ancient Festivals Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the _ _, planting in _ and harvest in _. Todays festivals have many _, some _, some seasonal and some for special _ or _.2Festivals of the DeadHow do Japanese honour their ancestors?They have a festival called Obon, when people should go to _ and _to honour their ancestors. They light lamps and play music.3. What do people in Mexico do in memory of the