名词性从句精讲

1、必修五 Module 1-3（教师）语法一：名词性从句一、概述在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。二、语序当名词性从句要采用陈述句语序。 What we can't get seems better than what we have.我们得不到的似乎比我们所拥有的要好。The photographs will show you what our village looks like.这些照片将向你展示我们村庄的面貌。He asked how much I paid fo

2、r the violin.他问我花了多少钱买这个小提琴。三、引导名词性从句的关联词类 别词 义在从句中的作用that无任何词义仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分if和whether意为“是否”，表明从句意义的不确定性起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever有各自自身的意义起连接作用，并在从句中充当主、表、宾、定语等关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever有各自自身的意义起连接作用

3、，并在从句中充当状语1、that从句与wh-关系代词和关系副词引导名词性从句的区别 连词that在从句中不作成分，不含疑问意义；而wh-连词在从句中作成分，且含有疑问意义。It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的头发在变白令她有点担忧。（that在从句中只起引导词作用，不作成分）What caused the accident is still a complete mystery. 事故发生的原因仍然是个不解之谜。（What在从句中作主语） 2、whether和if的区别 whether与if 均为"是否&quo

4、t;的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.b. 引导表语从句时；The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；Everything depends on whether we have enough money.d. 从句后有“or not”时；I wonder whether he will come or

5、 not.四、主语从句(subject clauses)1、概述在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。2、从属连词that，whether引导的主语从句。从属连词that，whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它们在

6、从句中不担任成分，不能省略。That they will go is certain.他们去是肯定的。Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否会来仍是一个问题。3、it作形式主语引导主语从句。如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。That引导的主语从句可用it代替，that 不可省略。 用作it作形式主语的结构：（1）It is/was +形容词+that 从句 Its natural that 很自然 Its obvious that 显而易见 Its fortun

7、ate that 幸运的是 Its (im)possible（不）可能 Its unlikely that 不可能 Its strange that奇怪的是（2）It is/was +名词+that 从句 Its a pity that 遗憾的是 Its a fact that 事实是 Its good news that是好消息 Its a wonder that不足为奇 Its a shame that真是可耻 Its common knowledge that 是常识（3）It +不及物动词+that 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that碰巧 It a

8、ppears that看来 It turns out that结果（4）It is/was +过去分词+that 从句 Its not known that 不得而知 Its said that 据说 Its reported that 据报道 It suddenly struck me (occur to me that 我突然想到（感觉到）（5）其他 It doesnt matter 是无关紧要的 It makes no difference 毫无区别It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯这样的错误是令人遗憾的事。It's

9、 strange that he didn't come yesterday. 他昨天没来是很奇怪的。It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing.据报导非洲野生动物的数量正在减少。4、由关系代词引导的主语从句。（1）关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，引导主语从句时，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。Whoever leaves the room last oug

10、ht to turn off the lights.走得最晚的应当关灯。What you have done might do harm to other people. 你的行为可能伤害别人。5、关系副词引导的主语从句。连接副词有when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中担任状语，不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone.他为什么没来谁也不清楚。Where she has gone is n

11、ot known yet.她去了哪儿，还不知道。When they will start has not been decided yet. 他们何时动身还未定下来。五、表语从句1、概述用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。2、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。 The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。The question is whether we need

12、more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。3、由关系代词引导的表语从句。关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。4、由关系

13、副词引导的表语从句。I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats why I got wet through. 我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。5、由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。It seems as if he didnt know the answer.好像他不知道答案。六、同位语从句1、概述用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thou

14、ght，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。2、由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。The fact that we lack enough phones needs to be considered.我们缺少足够的电话这一事实需要加以考虑。The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。3、由关

15、系代词引导的同位语从句。The question who should be the first has not been settled.谁应该是第一名的问题还没有定下来。You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。4、由关系副词引导的同位语从句。I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。5、that 引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别。： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，

16、一般不能省略。 比较下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were hereHave you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？七、宾语从句(object clauses)1、概述用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词宾语。2、作动词宾语 （1）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时，只起引导词作用，在句中不做成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省去。I think (that) he'

17、ll be right in a few days.我认为他几天后就会好的。I wish （that）she would understand me.我希望她理解我。（2）由关系代词what, who, whose, which引导的宾语从句，在句中作成分，即主语、宾语、表语和定语，关系代词在句中不能省略。 A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do计算机只能按人的指令去做。Do you know whom they are waiting for? 你知道他们在等谁吗？（3）关系副词when，where，how，why等引

18、导宾语从句。关系副词 when，where，how，why 既有疑问意义，又起连接作用，而且在宾语从句中充当各种状语，分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan.请告诉我我们将何时讨论计划。I don't know where we are going to have the meeting.我不知道我们将在哪里开会。（4）由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in t

19、he countryside.我想知道在农村女儿是否和儿子一样受到重视。（5）动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。动词如：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等，宾语从句前可以有一个间接宾语，这个宾语有时可以省略，有的不能省略。He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已经通知我们将什么时候讨论我的建议。3、作介词宾语It depends on whether he is coming or not.这要看他是否会来。4、it充

20、当形式宾语，真正的宾语-宾语从句后置。正如我们常用it充当形式主语代替主语从句一样，我们也常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句，把真正的宾语从句后置。特别是带复合宾语的句子中。在这种结构中that不可省略。有下列几种情况：（1）在动词接复合宾语（宾语宾补）时，要用it作形式宾语。We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time我发现我们按时完成工作有困难。 She thinks it wrong that he didn't answer the phone她认为他不接电话是不对的。 （2）在like，enjoy，lov

21、e，hate等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词，后若要跟宾语从句时，需跟形式宾语 it。I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我不喜欢人们满口饭说话。 I like it that everyone passed the exam都通过了考试我很喜欢。 （3）由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接 that 宾语从句时，要用形式宾语。 I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候我负责把他照顾好。（4）用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。Keep

22、it in mind that you have to be home by ten oclock.要记住你得十点钟之前回家。We took it for granted that he would come.我们认为他来是当然的。5、否定转移与省略（1）如果主句的谓语动词是“think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等，主语是第一人称的一般现在时态，其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义，一定要把否定词一道主句谓语上，从句谓语动词用肯定形式。I dont think he can do it bett

23、er than me.我想他不会比我干得好。I dont believe he treated the child like that.我相信他不会那样对待孩子的。（2）think, suppose, believe, expect, guess, reckon, imagine等此类动词后，在简略答语中，用 so 替代前文肯定的宾语从句；若替代一个否定的宾语从句，用 not 或 notso 替代前文整个从句。-I believe we've met somewhere before我认为我们从前在哪见过。-No，I don't think so没有，我认为我们以前没见过。-D

24、o you think it's going to rain over the weekend？你认为这周末会下雨吗？-I believe not我认为不会。注意：hope 只能说 I hope not 一种形式，因为 hope 不能否定转移。1. The news _ our athletes won another gold medal was reported In yesterdays newspaperA. which            B. whether

25、60;               C. what              D. that 2. One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure.A. how     &#

26、160;            B. why             C. that                      D. when 3. _ is our belief

27、 that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.  A. As               B. That              C. This     &#

28、160;     D. It 4. -Its thirty years since we last met.   -But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night.A. which  B. that   C. what   D. when 5. _ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoile

29、d A. What             B. Which              C. Whether             D. That6. Choosing the right dictionary depends

30、on_ you want to use it for.A. what                B. why                   C. how          

31、;      D. whether7. _makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A. What                 B. Who             

32、;  C. Whatever              D. Whoever 8. Mary wrote an article on_ the team had failed to win the game . Awhy                   Bwhat  

33、0;          Cwho               Dthat 9. The way he did it was different_ we were used to . A. in which     B. in what    C. from what   

34、; D. from which11. _has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who     B. The one      C. Anyone    D. Whoever13. _is no possibility_ Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. Therethat      &

35、#160;   B. Itthat C. Therewhether         D. Itwhether14. _made the school proud was_ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A. Whatbecause      B. Whatthat C. Thatwhat      D. Thatbecause15. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _I tho