低压成套技术负责人考试题库-问答

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8、 a nd aua e-a -m up . peennetopromotega-rootste c ad corre ct the sgns of problems. Publ c infrmaton三、问答题:1、介电性能性能验证的目的是什么？答题要点：是验证成套设备对工作电压、操作过电压及雷电过电压的耐受能力。因为绝缘材料耐受电压的能力是有限度的，当外施电压超过 某一数值时，绝缘材料发生剧烈的放电或导电现象，称为击穿。2、温升试验的环境温度是怎么测量的？答题要点：环境温度在试验周期的最后1/4期间内测量，在高度约等于成套设备的1/2,并离开成套设备1m远的地方安装。应防止空气流动或热辐射对

9、温度计和热电偶的影响。3、外壳防护等级IP34D是怎样验证的？答题要点：用边缘无毛刺的直径为 2.5+0.05 0mm 直的刚性钢棒，对产品施加3 0.3N的力进行试验，钢棒不能进入壳体。与垂直方向土 180 范围以内的淋水无影响。直径为 0.1mm长为100mm金属丝，对产品施加1 0.1N的力进行试验，金属丝不能触及危险带电部件。 4、工频耐受电压中的试验电压值是怎么确定的？ 答题要点：工频耐受电压的试验电压应按其绝缘电压查表10。用绝缘材料制造的外部操作手柄，介电试验应在带电部件和用金属箔裹缠整个表面的手柄之间施加表10规定的1.5倍试验电压值。用绝缘材料制造的外壳，还应进行一次补充试验

10、，在外壳的外面包复一层能覆盖所有的开孔和接缝的金属箔，t佥电压为其试验电压的1.5倍。5、干热试验的验证是怎么要求的？ 答题要点：将完整的户外低压电缆分线箱放置在恒温箱，将恒温箱温度在23h内升至100 C+ 2 C,维持此温度 5h,试后试品应没有明显的损坏的现象。6、影响配电板介电性能的可能因数有哪些？答题要点：影响配电板介电性能的因数有：a.产品结构的变化 b.绝缘材料的性能c.绝缘材料尺寸的变化d.铜排等加工过程中留下的毛刺、灰尘等 e.电气元件的性能变化等等。7、为了保证母线干线单元的温升满足要求，需控制哪些方面？ 答题要点：需控制：a.母线槽的内部结构b.母排尺寸c.母排材料d.母

11、排接线端头加工工艺e.插接件质量f.电器元件的质量等等8、请问对于I类防护类别的母线槽产品，要求进线保护导体与相关裸露导电部件之间的电阻不应超过多少？简述测量方法和注意事项？答题要点：它们之间的电阻不应超过0.1 Q ;应使用电阻测量仪器，此仪器可以使至少10A的交流或直流电流通过电阻测量点之间，测量时间应限制在5s之内。9、请简述密集型母线槽的结构特点和加工过程中需注意的方面？ 答题要点：密集型母线槽的结构特点是将裸母线进行绝缘包覆后，并紧贴通道壳体放置，其优点是散热好，容量大；密集型母线槽加工过程中必须注意以下方面：a.外壳加工须注意材料的厚度，加工的尺寸，表面防护处理等；b.母排加工需注

12、意母排的质量，母排的尺寸加工精度，接头加工工艺，绝缘材料及包覆等；c.绝缘支撑件的加工；d.装配控制等。10、简述影响母线槽短路耐受强度的主要因数？ 答题要点：影响母线槽短路耐受强度的主要因数：a.母排尺寸；b.母排硬度；c.母排夹块的规格、材料和夹块的距离；d.母排夹块支撑架的强度等11、保护电路连续性验证。答题要点：a.接地电阻应0 (100 ) mQ为什么接地电阻应尽量小？答：接地电阻越小，故障时，故障电压越低，就越安全b.写出3个测试部位。1)主开关底板-地；2)分支开关底板-地；3)装有电器元件的门-地12、保护电路连续性措施检查与保护电路有效性验证有无区别，并请说明或举例？答题要点

13、：有。a.保护电路连续性措施检查是指目测是否采取保护措施而言的，例如：检查是否装爪垫，装电器元件的门是否与主接地点有软线连接；b.保护电路有效性验证是使用仪器检测，验证接地措施是否有效，例如：测量接地电阻是否小于100m Qo13、什么是电气间隙？答题要点不同电位的两导电部件间的空间直线距离。(见GB7251.1-20052.9.1 )14、什么是爬电距离？答题要点：不同电位的两导电部件间沿绝缘材料表面的最短距离。(见GB7251.1-20052.9.2)15、IP33的含义是什么？如何检查？答题要点：IP 33|第二位特征数字第二位特征数字代码字母(国际防护)用直径2.5mm的试棒对产品外壳

14、进行检查，施加3 0.3N ,看是否能插入；用淋水设备在水压为50kpa-150kpa与垂直方向土 60 范围内淋水,流量为10L/min ,外壳的表面积1min/m 2,最少5min ,观察是否有渗漏现象。16、低压无功功率补偿装置投切电容器开关有几种方式？目前 3C认证的低压无功功率补偿装置按投切电容器开关方式应分为几个申证单元答题要点：a.接触器b.一体式机电复合开关c.晶闸管电子开关答3个认证单元。17、写出至少5种低压成套开关设备 3c认证的关键元器件和材料？答题要点：壳体、低压断路器、低压开关、隔离器、隔离开关与熔断器组合电器、低压接触器、热过载继电器、交流半导体电动机控制器和起动

15、器、自动转换开关电器、母排、绝缘导线、抽出式的一次接插件及绝缘支撑件等主回路用元器件和材料。18、写出低压无功功率补偿装置增加了哪些关键件？答题要点：电容器、电抗器、电力电子开关、无功功率补偿控制器。19、间接触电的防护指什么？直接触电的防护指什么？答题要点：(见 GB7251.1-20052.6.9 ; 2.6.8 )间接触电的防护是防止人体与裸露导电部件产生危险接触的一种防护。直接触电的防护是防止人体与带电部件产生危险接触的一种防护20、写出低压无功功率补偿装置的铭牌内容?els should firmlyestablishthe mainconsciousness, grasping p

16、arty building a s thefirstresponsibil ity,stre ngthen l eadership, demonstrable,sci entifictoe nsuresol id educati oneffectivel y.Fpal party Committee municipalworker s,Various enterprise sand instit utions,Commission,partycommitteesand de partments i n chargeof industrypractice, develop specifi cim

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20、lly validation, on importanttask personally deployment, on exists problem timelysol ution,throughoutputresponsibilitycarry inshoulderShang,impropershuaishouzhanggui. T he Countyparty Committeeand municicatch thewaythe thi nking ofprevention activities,study andeducation,preventingr outineaside,preve

21、 nt simple, doi ngasmuchasmeeti ng note s to judgethe e ducationalresult s.To takereports, customized re search,attendi ngthe meeti ng,randomspotcheck s, briefi ngsand othermeans,tofocusthe push Guideto grassr oots, on theparty bra nch,in-de pth understanding ofeducation a ndactualeffect,sum up fres

22、hexperiencet o promotegrass root s,to dete ctand corre ctthe signs ofprobl ems. Publi c information答题要点：a. 厂名b.产品名称c. 产品型号或商标d. 制造日期（或编号）或生产编号e. 额定电压f. 额定电流g. 额定频率h.额定补偿功率ingparty group） to studyeducationasa major politi caltask,primary responsibilityforeffectiveimplementation,strengthen lea dership

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24、specifi c guidance. Organizationdepartments,asthe leadde partment,tostre ngthe nthe planning, organizati on, coordinationa nd g uida nce,goodde sign, decomposition,each keyaction to implement.Carry outstudyand educati on,t o relyon stri ct docreal gui de,I_ 一- I 一-.111. . I 一 II - I. II . L L.-zatio

25、ns,poor organizati on,t he problems aremany,tocriticize,toaccounta bility.Main i s responsiblefor comrade t oconsciouslypressureconveyinglayer upon layer, stepbyste p, co mpaction ofresponsibility.Insteeringt he Steering must preventformalism,三、简答题1 、保护电路连续性验证a.接地电阻应小于等于多少m Q。b. 为什么接地电阻应尽量小？c. 写出母线槽

26、的3 个测试部位。答题要点： a.100 m Q b. 接地电阻越小，故障时，故障电压越低，就越安全c. 上下盖板-地 、 左右侧板-地 、 母线槽上任意固定螺钉-地 、 母线槽连接螺钉-地、第一节与第二节母线连接螺栓-地2、确认检验与例行检验的介电强度试验是否相同，若不同请指出不同之处？ 答题要点： 不同。a.确认检验中的耐压时间为 5s,例行检验中的耐压时间为 1s；b. 确认检验中耐压部位包括绝缘手柄-相的操作，例行检验中无此部位的要求，且耐压值为其它部位耐压值的1.5 倍。3、GB7251.1对绝缘电阻的要求是什么？用 500V/500M Q规格的表测绝缘电阻时，其绝缘电阻一般应是多少

27、？ 答题要点：a.电路与裸露导电部件之间，每条电路对地标称电压的绝缘电阻应至少为 1000 Q/V。.b.显示大于MQ 。4、目前低压成套开关设备所做的3C 认证产品中a. 是否有不与主电路直接相连的辅助电路？b. 若有，试举例。并说明应施加的工频耐压值是多少？答题要点：a. 有b. 电流测量回路。例如：若要打耐压，则应施加250-500V 的工频耐压值。5、低压成套开关设备外壳的主要生产设备为（行业称：三大件）是什么？答题要点：a. 剪板机b. 冲床c. 折弯机6、 a. 写出 5 种一次（主电路）回路的主要元器件。epartment sshoul dpay specialatte ntio

28、n t opubli c opi nion,in -depth information rel atingtopr ovincial,municipaland Centraldeci sionsa ndarrangeme nts to promote educational effectivenessand progressofthe typi cal experi ence, andcreate agoodsocialatmosphere.Second,persevering in above rates.Leadi ngbodies at all levels,lea dership,le

29、a dingca dres should takethe lead,as agoodexample,and aski ngot hers to do youfirst do it, asksofothers a nd notth emselvesdetermined notto do,for example ofsuperiortosubordi nate,teamleader forteammembers for example, leveltolev el,levelwith level s,layersofdrive n model, layer upon laye r,formatio

30、n ofthe shots,the overallgeneraleffect of linkage.Need stressedof is,regardlessofwhatranks,and what post of membersleader s,areto to Generalmembersidentityput himselfpe ndulum in, seriouslyimpleme ntation Centra l andpr ovincial,and municipalon learni ng education oftherequireme nts, strictly imp le

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32、e ndulumpr oblem more deep ,Toreorganizetheimplementation of more radical,avant-gardemore respectableimage, thus learning education effective.T hird,stre ngthenthe guida nce. Thee ducation for allme mbers,largepersonneldeterminingt he learning when thetopicwas discussed,a cc ording t odifferentchara

33、cteristi cs andexisting problems ofpartymembers,bothclosely li nkedto thetheme, a ndrealit y, let party members learn, on the up. Do qualified Communist of standardalso cabase,wi de field, hierarchy, difference,a nd to differentiatebetween counties,departments, grass-roots units, all kindsof party o

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35、t forwardmeasures toprevent flood i rrigation.T o haveoperable.Eachparty should deve lop specificpr ogrammes andspe cificmeasures,e ducationprincipl esand learning requirements i ntooperational,a bletoput in pl aceways.T ograsp fromthe specific work, hard, catchi ng finepra ctice ,with concreteresul

36、t s to verifythe educational results. S hould betargeted.Differentpartymembersideologicaltrends and be haviors, differential treatment in education,preci sionapplicati on policy,key starts locks,downto learnand do themeasures eachpartymember, e nabli ngthem to a ccess toe ducation, improve,make peop

37、lefeelMembersofthenew changes.To reflect thedifference.No uniform,thousands ofb.写出4种二次（测量回路）的主要元件有。答题要点：a.断路器（万能式、塑料外壳式、限流式、低压真空、微型塑料外壳式、带有剩余电流保护的断路器）；刀开关、隔离器、隔离开关及其 组合电器；熔断器；接触器；热继电器等。b.电流、电压、功率（有功、无功卜功率因数及电能等表计；电流、电压互感器 等。7、电气间隙是指什么？答题要点：不同电位的两导电部件间的空间直线距离。8、爬电距离是指什么？答题要点：不同电位的两导电部件间沿绝缘材料表面的最短距离。9

38、、写出成套开关设备生产工序流程。答题要点：壳体加工-电器元件装配一一次回路母排、绝缘导线制作及装配-二次线装配一出厂检验-包装。10、写出5项母排加工装配工艺文件至少应包含的规定。答题要点：主要设备；母排的截面积选择的规定；下料；弯制；母排连接孔的数量、孔间距、孔径的规定；母排搭接的要求；母排表面涂覆、相序标识及排列；母排的安装及连接 。11、某无功功率补偿装置，系统电源电压 400V ,电容器的额定标称电压450V ,标称额定容量30kvar ,装置运行时电容器支路的额定电流是多少？答题要点：12、目前常用的限制涌流的元件或原理？答题要点：用电抗器、带限制涌流线圈的接触器、半导体电子开关过零

39、投切。13、例行及确认检验设备应每年进行校准或检定，对于测量仪器应关注容量、量程范围、分辨率，还应看检定、校准证书的的检定、 校准点是否含盖了哪些测试点，为什么举例说明。答题要点：a.所使用的测试点；b.否则校准或检定无意义。14、成套开关设备的关键工序有哪些？工艺文件中应包含哪些工艺？请用虚线画出下图的电气间隙的测量距离，并说明爬电距离L如何测量？答题要点：爬电距离L为沿绝缘体表面 a-c-b测量L=ac+cb-1.5mm四、问答题:1、说明耐压测试仪怎样进行运行检查?s, ad Watposof m- bes eaers, ae t t Geea m - bes dentty pu him

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42、establishthe mainconsciousness, grasping party building a s thefirstresponsibil ity,stre ngthen l eadership, demonstrable,sci entifictoe nsuresol id educati oneffectivel y.Fpal party Committee municipalworker s,Various enterprise sand instit utions,Commission,partycommitteesand de partments i n char

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50、and municicatch thewaythe thi nking ofprevention activities,study andeducation,preventingr outineaside,prevent simple, doi ngasmuchasmeeting note s to judgethe educationalresult s.To takereports, customized re search,attendi ngthe meeting,randomspotchecks, briefi ngsand othermeans,tofocusthe pushGui

51、deto grassr oots, on theparty bra nch,in-de pth understanding ofeducation a ndactualeffect,sum up freshexperiencet o promotegrass roots,to dete ctand corre ctthe signs ofproblems. Publi c information答题要点：a. 输出电压：用1000V 或 500V 电压表（或万用表） 与试验台上的电压表比对，检查耐压测试仪输出电压是否正常。b. 报警功能：可稍加电压后短接其输出，检查报警是否正常；c. 时间控制

52、功能：用秒表比对。2、耐压测试仪、接地电阻测试仪的主要性能、参数要求有哪些？答题要点：a. 耐压测试仪：1） 具有足够的功率以维持试验电压，可以不考虑漏电流；2）应具有报警功能；3）时间控制功能；4）输出电压应在试验电压的范围内。b.接地电阻测试仪：输出电流不小于10A ,电阻测量范围0-100m Q以上。3、保护电路连续性措施检查与保护电路有效性验证有无区别，并请说明或举例？答题要点：有。a. 保护电路连续性措施检查是指目测是否采取保护措施而言的，例如：检查是否装爪垫，装电器元件的门是否与主接地点有软线连接；b.保护电路有效性验证是使用仪器检测，验证接地措施是否有效，例如：测量接地电阻是否小

53、于100m Qo4、 IP33 的含义是什么？如何检查？答题要点：a.防止学力12.5固体异物接近危险部件；防淋水。b.用2.5mm的试棒对产品外壳进行检查，施加3 0.3N ,看是否能插入；用淋水设备在水压为 50kpa-150kpa与垂直方向60范围内淋水，流量为10L/min ，外壳的表面积1min/m 2，最少 5min ，观察是否有渗漏现象。5、为什么电流互感器的二次回路不允许接熔断器？答题要点：电流互感器开路时会产生以下危害：a.铁心过热，甚至烧毁互感器。b.由于二次绕组匝数很多，会感应出危险的高电压，危及人身和设备安全。6、为什么要将设备金属外壳接地？答题要点：见 P147当带电

54、体绝缘被破坏或其他原因使外壳出现足够高的电压时，人碰上会产生触电危险7、安全防护措施中为保证保护电路连续在产品结构上采取的措施是什么？答题要点：P147a. 裸露导电件之间及其附件与保护电路之间具有连续性b. 保证装置内的所有带电运行的金属外壳都能有效接地，通过接地线或装置外壳相连形成保护回路c. 门、盖板、遮板等部件上若装有电器元件应采取接地措施8、选用测量用互感器时，应注意什么方面？答题要点：P142考虑准确度级次，常用的有0.5， 0.2 级；还应注意其带负载能力，所接仪表内阻与连接导线的内阻之和不得大于互感器的额定二次负载。9、绝缘导线的选择须考虑那些要求？答题要点：P143a.导线的

55、额定电压应高于装置的工作电压；epartment sshoul dpay specialatte ntion t opubli c opi nion,in -depth i nformation rel atingtopr ovincial,munici paland Ce ntraldeci sionsa ndarrangeme nts to promote educati onal effectivenessand progressofthe typi cal experience, andcreate agood socialatmosphere.Second,persevering i

56、 n above rates.Leadi ngbodies at all lev els,lea dership,lea dingca dres should takethe lead,a s agoodexample,a nd aski ngot hers to do youfirst do it, asks ofothers a nd notth emselves determined notto do,for example ofsuperiortosubordi nate,teamleader forteammembers for example, leveltolev el,levelwith level s,layersofdrive n model, layer upon laye r,formation ofthe shots,the overallgeneraleffect of linkage.Need stressedofis,regardles