初二上册英语第二单元知识点归纳

1、初二上册英语第二单元知识点归纳Unit2 How often do you exercise?知识点讲解1 . How often do you exercise ?你多久锻炼一次？【解析】本句是含有特殊疑问词 how often的特殊疑问句。how often多久一次，用于对动作发生的频率进行提问。回答应该是频度副词或表示频率的词 组，如 always , usually , often , sometimes, hardly , ever, never, every day, once a week, three times a day .等。Eg. How often do you go

2、 to the movies?你多久去看一次电影？ Once a week. 一周一次。how often:多久一次，用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数，答语有 never, sometimes, often, usually, always, three times a year等。how long:多长时间，用来对“for + 一段时间”提问，强调时间的延续，其谓语 动词应为 延续性动词；止匕外，还可用于询问物体的长度。how soon:需要多长时间，过多久才对“ in+一段时间”或"，"since+时间段+ago”等时 间短语提问，答语有in a week/

3、month/ year 等。how far ：多远，用来询问距离，答语常用“数字 + miles/ kilometers ”等。由how形成的特殊疑问词,基本用法由how形成的特殊疑问词很多，具体提问内容不同，主要有：1. how often提问事情发生的频率。How often do we do this?我们多长时间做一次这事？2. how long提问事情持续时间的长短。How long have you had it?你有这个毛病有多久了 ？3. how soon意为“还要多久”，是对从某个基本时间到将来某动作结束或某动作发生这段时间提问常用在一般将来时态的句子中。How soon c

4、ould you get back to me?你多快能给我回话呢？4. how fast提问多快。How fast can this car go?这车能跑多快？5. how many 提问可数名词的数量多少 。But how many of us achieve all these goals?但是我们中有多少人实现了所有这些目标呢？6. how much 提问不可数名词的数量多少以及询问价钱；当询问价格时，后面一定是跟物品而非价格，如 How much are the shoes?How much money do you owe him?你该他多少钱？7. how far提问距离多远。

5、How far can you chunk a pumpkin?你能把一个南瓜扔多远呢？知识小总结：一3） how often表示“多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。其回答通常有:频率副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never how often . 次数 十 时间段： 如：once or twice a weekevery+时间段：every day （每天）区别：everyday （每天的；日常的）注意：表示“一次或两次”时，一般用 once和twice表示。如：once a month（ 一个月 一次）times”

6、 结构。如： five times a year (如：how many programs 如：how much coffee而表示“三次或以上”时，则用“数词+年五次）4） 由how构成的疑问词组的用法（1） “ howmany+可数名词复数I h how much坏可数名词。但how much=what' s the price of.? 还有“多少钱”的意思 如： How much are those pants?(2)how many times:“多少次”.其答语表示次数。如： once ,twice , three times等(3) How old.? 询问年龄 如：Ho

7、w old are you? I am five.(4) “ how(多久(时间) 常用 for two days , for three hours等回答。多长(某物的长度) 如：-How long is the river? -10 kms.(5)how soon用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是in two hours , in three days 等。如：How soon wil he come back ? In an hour 。【解析】 exercise v 锻炼=do sports= play sports【短语】take /have/do exercise 做运动 do m

8、orning exercise 做早操do eye exercise 做眼保健操【拓展】exercise作名词时，意为“锻炼；运动”时是不可数名词，意为“体操；练习”时 是可数名词。例如：I should eat less food and take more exercise.我应该少吃饭，多锻炼。We do morning exercise every morning.我们每天早上都晨练。2. help with housework帮助做家务(1) help with sth. 意为“帮助做某事”拓展：help sb. with sth.= help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某

9、人做某事Eg: I often help him with his English.= I often help him (to) learn English.我经常帮他学习英语。(2) housework意为“家务劳动”。不可数名词。,基本用法n. housework家务事，是不可数名词，do housework 相当于 do chores 。She often helps her parents do housework.她经常帮助父母做家务。,知识拓展-相关单词homework n.家庭作业do one's homework 做家庭作业He usually does his ho

10、mework at 6:00 o'clock every day.他每天六点做作业。1. They have housework to do.A. many B. much3、 What do you usually do on weekends?你在周末做什么？“ I usually play soccer. ”“我通常踢足球。”解析：第一个do为助动词，在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词Eg1)What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies.Eg2)What does she usually

11、do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking.【解析1】频度副词意思频度always总是，一直，100%usually通常，经常90%often常常，经常70%sometimes = at times有时，不时40%hardly ever= almost not几乎从不5%never从不，决不0%规律总结：1 .这些副词在句子中的位置基本相同，一般放在助动词、be动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。2 . hardly 和never均为否定副词，有二者的句子不需再加no或not构成否定，因其本身就是否定句。3 .就这些表示拼读的副词提问时，常用 how ofte

12、n。【拓展】 some time /sometime/some times/sometimes【口诀】：分开是一段，合起是某时； 分开s是倍次，合起s是某时(1)some time 一段时间，做时间状语It takes sb some time to do sth做某事花费某人多长时间sometime adv在某个时候，()I hope to visit the USA in the future.A. sometimes B. some times C. sometime D. some time4 3) some times名词词组，“几次，几倍”sometimes=at times 有时

13、(一般现在时的标志词)一 do you write an English article for our school newspaper? Sometimes.A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How far解析 2 weekend/weekday辨析单词意思范围weekend周末周六、周日 一weedday工作日周一至周五【解析】 on weekends = on Saturday and Sunday 在周末on weekdays= from Monday to Friday 在工作日()The teachers never arrive l

14、ate for work from Monday to Friday.A. on weekdays B. on weekends C. every day D. five times a week.辨析：sometimes , some times , sometime , some timesometimes是频度副词，意为“有时；问或”，表示动作发生的频率，相当于 at times提问常用于一般现在时与一般过去时。提问用 how often sometimes是名词短语，意为“几倍、几次"。time 问”时是不可数名词。How mang timessometime某个时候。可指过

15、去或将来的某个时候。some time 一段时间。常与for连用。对它提问用 口诀记忆：分开“一段时间”；相聚“某个时候”作可数名词时可作“次数”解；表示“时提问用when how long 。oEg： Sometimes I get up very late.有时我起床彳艮晚。He reads the story some times.I ' ll s tay here for some time.练习： We plan to stay in Hainan for I am sure that we have met他读这个故事几遍了。我将会在这儿呆一段时间。before. Ihav

16、e letters from him.4. Hardly ever 几乎从不我们打算在海南呆一段时间。我肯定我们之前见过几次了。有时我会收到他的来信。【解析】hard (1)adv 努力地，猛烈地work hard努力工作study hard努力学习I will go to shanghai sometime next week.下周某个时候我要去上海。(2) adj. It '做某事对某人来说是困难的困难的，艰难的"difficult hard/difficult for sb to do sthIt ' s hard for us(finish) the work

17、 without other' s help.【拓展】hardly adv“几乎不，从来不”，表否定意义，常与 can ,any ,ever 连用。I can hardly believe it.() It ' s raining.People can go out.A. hard; hardly B. hardly; hard C. hard ; hard D. hardly ; hardly【注】形容雨雪下的大用hard/heavy辨析：hard/hardly1. hard可充当形容词和副词两种角色。(1)用作形容词有“硬的”，“困难的、艰难的”的意思。其中用作“难的”讲时

18、，在口语中与difficult 通用。The problem is too hard, I can't work it out.这个问题太难了，我算不出来。(2)用作副词，意为“努力地、刻苦地”，“猛烈地”，hard用作“猛烈地”讲时，同heavily 相同。He works hard only before exams.他只在考试前努力学习。It is raining hard outside. You can't go out.外面正下着大雨。你不能出去。2. hardly 只用作副词，意思是“几乎不”、“仅仅”、“才”，表示否定概念，常和 any 连用。hardly an

19、y 相当于 almost no(not) 。 hardly 是具有否定意味的词，它不能再与其它否定词一起连用，在由它构成的反意疑问句中，尾句的疑问式须用肯定式。Hardly anybody(Almost nobody) came to the meeting.几乎没有人来开会。hardly几乎不，一般位于动词之前。hard 努力，位于动词之后。eg: He hardly works.他几乎不工作。He works hard.他工作努力。5. use the Internet 用互联网use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事 eg： I use a knife to cut bread

20、.我用刀切面包。短语：on the Internet 在网上 ，surf the Internet网上冲浪，上网6. What ' s your favohte program ? 你最喜欢的节 目是什么？句型：What' s your favorite.?=What. do you like best?你最喜欢的 是什么?1 .What' s your favorite animal ? 你最喜欢的动物是什么？=【解析】favorite adj.最喜欢的=like .bestone' s favorite + 名词 某人最喜欢的 (I) favorite su

21、bject is English.- What' s you r favorite, Bob? - Cats. They ' re so lovely.A. plant B. job C. sport D. animal7. Are you free next week ? 你下周有空吗？free意为“空闲的，有空的"，反义词 busy。be free 意为“闲着，有空”eg: : He is free now. 他现在有空。拓展：free还可译为“免费的”Eg: The tickets are free.票是免费的【解析】free adj. 空闲的 be free

22、= have time 有时间adj. 自由的，免费的be free to do sth随心所欲的做某事8. twice a week 一周两次【解析】英语中，once表示“一次"，twice表示“两次”，从三次或三次以上通常用“基数词+times”表示，time在这里是可数名词，意为“次数”，复数形式直接加“ s”，如：“六次” six times ，“十次” ten times。知识拓展-其他用法1. once 作时间副词，once upon a time “从前”，多用在过去时中；介词短语 at once 意 为“立刻、马上”。2. 用于状语从句中，表示“一旦”。如：Once

23、the sun had set, the air turned cold.太阳一落，空气就变冷了。3. 就“次/倍数”名词提问用howmanytimes, 就“次数+a+week/month等”提问用how often。4. twice 以及“基数词+times”还表示倍数，即“两倍或几倍”。2）表示“几次”的表达方法是： once a day/ a week/ a month/ a yeartwice a day/ a week/ a month/ a year8. Hmm.next week is quite full for me, Jack.晦下周我很忙，杰克。quite full 很

24、忙，相当忙.拓展：1.full 还可译为“满的，充满的”。Eg: The bus was full when they got there. 翻译2.full还可译为“饱的”。Eg: I can ' t eat any more , I am quite full.我不能再吃了，我相当饱了。【解析】 full adj. 忙的 =busyadj. 满的： 充满的 be full of = be f川ed with充满This shelf is full of / filled with books.Help yourself to some more meat,Linda.A. I

25、9; m full, thanksB. It ' s my pleasureC. It doesn' t matterD. Very well, thank youadj. full 满的；充满的；充分的，充足的，完全的The glass is full.杯子满了。full-time job 全职工作知识拓展： 常用短语 be full of = be filled with "充满的，富有的” This shelf is full of / filled with books.The room is full of people. We can't go i

26、n.房子里满是人，我们进不去。反义词empty “空的”full adj. 吃饱的；过饱的，其反义词是 hungry ,意为“饥饿的”。Eg. Are you hungry or full ?你饿了还是饱了 ？词义辨析：fill/full1. fill为及物动词，表“使满”，常与介词with搭配，表达“被充满”时用be filled with结构。如：The bottle is filled with water.这只瓶子装满了水。He was filled with joy at the news.听到这个消息，他内心充满了喜悦。2. full 是形容词，多作表语，表示主语所处的状态，常见于

27、 be full of结构中。如：The schoolbag is full of books.书包里装满了书。注：be filled with = be full of ,但介词 with 与 of 不能混淆。如：The room is full of people. = The room is f川ed with people.9、 She sometimes goes shopping.她有时去购物。【解析】shopn商店"storev 购物 go shopping 去购物 do some shopping 购物I often go with my friends on wee

28、kends. （shop）【拓展】go +动词inggo swimming 去游泳 go skating 去滑冰 go fishing 去钓鱼go boating 去戈跚合go hiking 去远足 go hunting 去打猎（）It ' s a fine day. How about?Sounds great!A. go hikingB. go to hike C. going hikingD. to go to hike【解析】sometimes为频度副词，意为“有时候”，多用于一般现在时或一般过去时中。辨析： sometimes, sometime, some time 与 s

29、ome timesSometimes 意为“有时”，可放于句首或句中。（How often提问）Sometime 表示在某个时间段内的某个时候，既可以表示过去某个时间也可以表示将来的某个时间。（Wheng问）Some time名词性短语，意为“一些时间”，time是不可数名词，意为“时间”。（HowlongSome times表示“几次"，time是可数名词，表示“次；次数” 。（Howmanytimes提问）Eg. Even friends sometimes disagree.即使是朋友，有时也会意见不合。I hope to see you again sometime next

30、 year.我希望明年的某个时候能再见至九你。Please give me some time to red this passage.请给我一些时间看这篇文章。I have been to Beijing some times before.我以前去过北京几次。10、How come?怎么会？ 怎么回事？Howcome?!固定表达，意为“怎么回事？ /怎么会？”表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可 单独使用，也可引导一个问句，相当于疑问句why,但how come开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didn' t come to the party? = W

31、hy didn ' t Tom come to the party?11. I have dance and piano lessons.我要上舞蹈课和英语课。have在此意为“上课”。Eg: They ' re having an English lesson.他们正在上英语课。扩展：have lessons 上课 , Lesson One 第一课12. Well , how about Tuesday ? 哦，那周二呢？How about.?(二What about.?) 意为"怎么样？”，用来征求对方的意见。Eg: How about this book? 这本

32、书怎样?How / What about doing sth. .?做怎么样？Eg: -What will we do on Sunday ? 星期天我们什么？-How about visiting the museum ? 去参观博物馆咋样？1. It ' s sunny today , What about (play) tennis ?13. I go to the movies maybe once a month.我可能一月去看电影一次。【解析】maybe adv.大概；或许；可能Eg. Maybe that man is a police man.或许那人是警察。maybe

33、 和 may bemaybe副词，意为“或许；大概”， 常位于句首表推测。Maybe he is at Jim's home. 或许他在吉姆家。may be由情态动词may和be构成，意 为“可能是、也许是"，在句 中作谓语。He may be right.他可能是对的。【解析 11 go to the movies = go to the cinema = see the film去看电影解析2 maybe/may be辨析：(1) maybe =perhaps adv 也许，可能，表示推测，通常用于句首，在句中作状语。( )Li Hua wants to be an as

34、tronaut like Yang Liwei.A. May be B. May C. Also D. Maybe(2) maybe是“情态动词may+动词原形be"，或许，可能是，也表示推测，在句中作谓语。 可以和 maybe互换。Tom s pen may be in his backpack.=Maybe Tom s pen is in his backpackNow all of us exercise at least hour a day in and outside school.A. the ; a B. a; an C. /; a D. /; analthough是

35、连词，意为“虽然，尽管，即使”。例如：Although he is young, he knows a lot.虽然他很年轻，但是他知道很多。【注意】although=though,汉语中可以说“虽然,但是”，但英语中although/though与but不能同时出现在同一个句子中。14. He plays at least twice a week.他至少一周踢(足球)两次。【解析】least adv.最小；最少 adj.& pron.最少的；最小的，它是little的最高级。Eg. He has least money of all of us. 在我们所有人中他的钱最少。She

36、works least.她工作最少。We have least time.我们时间最少。at least 至少；不少于；起码，其反义短语为：at most 至多15. _On Wednesday and Friday.在周三和周五【解析】介词at/ in /on /for 表示时间：1）at.表示某一具体时间点，某一时刻/年龄at six o ' clock at noon at that time at the moment at the age of at night2）in表示时间段，一天的三个时间段以及月份，年，季节，世纪，人生的某个时期（某人几十岁时）In the morni

37、ng/afternoon /evening in spring /in 2007/in March in the twenty-first century in his fifties3）on表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上，表示一天中的三个时间段名词 前有修饰语或后有修饰语时.On Monday on New Year ' s Day on Sunday morning on a rainy night g. At least he should say thanks.他至少应该说声谢谢。16. “What' s your favorite progra

38、m? ”“It ' s Animal World. ”“你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”【解析】favorite adj.最喜欢的=like .bestone' s favorite + 名词 某人最喜欢的 （I） favorite subject is English.- What' s your favorite, Bob? - Cats. They ' re so lovely.A. plant B. job C. sport D. animal17. I watch TV every day.我每天都看电视【解析】（1） every day 每天=ea

39、ch day做状语，放在旬末， 对其提问用how oftenHe exercises every day.everyday adj. 每天的，作定语，修饰名词，放在名词之前everyday English 日常英语18. As for homework , most students do homework every day .解析：as for.意思是“至于；关于"，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing 形式（即动名词）。如：As for him , I never want to see him here.至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。As for the st

40、ory , you'd better not believe it.关于那故事，你最好不要相信。As for myself, I don ' t want to go now. 至于我自己，我现在不想去。As for the man, I know nothing about him.至于那个人，我什么者B不知道。19. They often help with housework.他们经常帮忙做家务。【解析】help v 帮助一 helpful adj 有帮助的help sb. (to) do sth=help sb. with sth帮助某人做某事help sb. with

41、 sth在某方囿帮助某人I often help my mother with housework on weekendshelp(to) do sth帮助某人做某事She was coming to help clean the machinehelp sb. (to) do sth帮某人做某事Mr. Wang helped me (to ) repair my bike. My mom helps me(do) my homework.=My mom helps me with my homework. My teacher ' s words are(help) to me.()

42、 A lot of vegetables can help us in good.A. keep; healthB. to keep; healthy C. keeping ;health D.keeps; health20. What kind of dance are you learning ?你在学什么舞？Swing dance 摇摆舞【解析】kind (1) n 种类kind of +adj. 有点，有几分，kind of cold 有点冷a kind of 一种的，某种的 all kinds of各种各样的different kinds of 不同种类的What ki nd of

43、？哪种？.-What bowl of noodles would you like, small, medium or large?-A large bowl of beef noodles, please. A. color B. price C. size D. kind adj. 友好的 be kind to sb. =be friendly to sb.对某人友好It's kind _ you help me with my English.A. of; to B. for; to C. of; for D. to; to解析 2 swing n 秋千 There is a k

44、id playing on the swing. v.摆动，荡秋千swing dance 摇摆舞 【记】s + wing(翅膀)一 swing21. no adj. (1) 没有的=not any/not a /not anThere is 空 chalk on the teacher ' s desk. = There is not a chalk on the teacher ' s desk.(2) no 不要，禁止No swimming !禁止游泳 No parking! 禁止停车！ No photos! 禁止拍照！22. How about Tuesday? 那么周二

45、呢？【解析】How about = what about 怎么样？(用来询问对方的情况或征求意见)How about doing sth = what about doing sth? How about(go) swimming?一What about a rest?OK! Let ' s go for a walk.A. to haveB. hadC. haveD. having23. How often do they stay up late?他们多久熬一次夜？【解析】 stay up 熬夜 =sit up.stay up 与 stay up late 区别1) stay up

46、“熬夜、不睡觉”如：He stayed up all night to write his story.他熬了一整夜写他的小说。2) stay up late“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”如：Don t stay up late next time.下次不要再熬夜很晚了。stay at home 呆在家里 stay away from 远离()If you stay up , you will be tired.A. go to bed late B. don' t go to bed C. work hard D. sleep early24. How often do you eat jun

47、k food?你多久吃一次垃圾食品？【解析】junk food垃圾食品green food绿色食品natural food天然食品healthy food 健康食品25. 频度副词【解析】频度副词表示经常性的动作或情况，常和一般现在时连用，表示现在经常或反复发生的动作，按其频率发生的高低分别是：always总是；usually 通常；often经常；sometimes 有时；hardly ever几乎不；never从不。对这些频度副词进行提问时，用特殊疑问词how often , 意为“多久一次”。Eg. They always go to the park by bus. 他们 总是乘公共汽

48、车去公园。Kate is often late for school.凯特经常上学迟到。I sometimes_watch TV programs.(对画线部分提问)How often do you watch TV programs?你多久看一次电视节目？26. But my mother wants me to drink it.但我妈妈想让我喝它。want为及物动词，意为“想要”，其后接名词或动词不定式，相当于would like, 但would like 的语气更为委婉。want sb. to do sth尸 would like to do sth.意为“想让某人做某事”，否定形式为

49、 wantsb. not to do sth.意为“不想让某人做某事Eg: She wants me to bring him some pens.力o她想让我给她带些钢笔。拓展：1.want sth. ask sb. to do sth.tell sb. to do sth.help sb. (to) do sth.2.want to do sth.Do you want 想要某物Do you want any story books ?你想要些故事书吗？请求某人做某事告诉某人做某事帮助某人做某事想要做某事I want to visit my uncle.我想去看望我的叔叔。 (tell )

50、 me anything ?27. She says it's good for my health.她说它对我的健康有益。基本用法be good for“对有益，对有好处”，介词for后接名词或代词。It's not good for your eyes to read books in the sun.太阳底下看书对眼睛不好。,知识拓展反义词be bad for“对有害”It's bad for the environment to throw rubbish everywhere.到处扔垃圾对环境不好。词义辨析：be good(bad) to/be good(ba

51、d) for/be good(bad) at1. be good to 意为“对友好”。My friend was good to me when I was ill.我生病的时候，朋友对我很好。2. be good for 意为 “对有好处”.Eating more vegetables is good for your health.多吃蔬菜对你的健康有好处。3. be good at 意为“擅长”，后接名词、代词或v-ing形式.I'm good at playing chess.我擅长下象棋。4. be bad to 对 态度不好，对一 差劲 He is bad to me.

52、他对我不友好。5. be bad for对一有害处.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.太阳底下看书对眼睛不好。6. be bad at 不善于， 拙于She is bad at keeping secrets.她不善于保守秘密。7、be good with 与相处融洽The teacher is good with his students.这位老师和他的学生相处融洽。.be good to 对友好My new deskmate is good to me.我的新同桌对我很友好。 health n. 健康，是不可数名词。I think health

53、 is more important than money.我认为健康比金钱更重要。be in good/poor health身体状况好/不好My grandparents are both in good health.我祖父母身体者 B 彳艮好。healthy adj.健康的We should eat healthy food.我们应当吃健康的食物。unhealthy adj .不健康的Junk food is unhealthy.垃圾食品是不健康的。keep healthy = keep fit = stay healthy=keep in good health保持健康【拓展】 n+

54、y=adj. windy , cloudy, sunny, funny , snowy. Doing sports can help us keep(health) They eat very(health). Mike is good for our(health). I think eating more food can help us keep.A. health; healthy B. healthy ; health C. healthy; healthy28. How many hours do you sleep every night ? 你每天晚上睡几个小时？【解析】how

55、 many和 how muchhow many和how much都可以表示“多少”，但 how many后接可数名词复数，而 how much 后接不可防名词。Eg. How many girls can you see?你能看见多少个女孩？How much milk do you want?你想要多少牛奶？【拓展】词语词义用法答语特征how long多久询问时间多久for/about+ 一段时间how often多久一次询问动作的频率often, twice a week 等how soon多快，过多久询问时间多快in+ 一段时间how far多远r询问距离多远1ten minutes &#

56、39; walkhow many多少询问口数名词数量数词+可数名词复数how much多少询问/、口数名词数 量数向J +表示量的词+不可数 名词多少钱询问价格数词+钱29. Last month we asked our students about their free time activities . 上个月 我们 向学生询问了他们业余蕊的情况。ask sb. about sth.“询问某人关于某事”Eg:I asked my teacher about today ' s homework.。【解析1】ask sb about sth 丘某人询问有关的情况ask sb to do sth请/要某人去做某事(否定形式)ask sb. not to do sthask sb. for sth向某人要某物【解析 2 】active adj. 活跃的 一 activity n 活动 My friend is(active).30. Although many students like to watch sports.虽然许多学生喜欢看体育节目【解析