2012考研英语一真题及答案

1、2012考研英语（一）真题参考答案Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issue recently. The court cannot_ its legitimacy as g

2、uardian of the rule of law_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that_ the courts reputation for being independent and impartial。Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less

3、 likely that the courts decisions will be_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _ by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself_ to the code of conduct that _to the rest of the federal judiciary。This and other cases _the question of whether th

4、ere is still a _ between the court and politics。The framers of the Constitution envisioned law_ having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _ they would be free to _those in power and have no need to_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart

5、from politics precisely because they are so closely _。Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _is inescapably political which is why decisions split along id

6、eological lines are so easily _ as unjust。The justices must _doubts about the courts legitimacy by making themselves _to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _, convincing as law。1 A emphasizeB maintainC modifyD recognize 2 A whenB

7、bestC beforeD unles 3 A renderedB weakenedC establishedD eliminated4 A challengedB compromisedC suspectedD accepted 5. A advancedB caught C boundD founded 6. A resistantB subjectC immuneD prone 7. A resortsB sticksC leadsD applies 8. A evadeB raiseC denyD settle 9. A lineB barrier C similarity D con

8、flict 10. A byB asC throughD towards 11. A soB sinceC providedD though 12. A serveB satisfyC upsetD replace 13. A confirm B express C cultivate D offer 14 A guardedB followedC studiedD tied15. A concepts B theories C divisions D convenience16. A excludes B questions C shapes D controls17. A dismisse

9、d B released C ranked D distorted18. A suppress B exploitC addressD ignore 19. A accessibleB. amiableC agreeable D accountable20. A by all meansB at all costsC in a wordD as a resultSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

10、hoosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points)Text 2TEXT2Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. It is not that pink intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may

11、 celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls liv

12、es and interests。Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it's not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines a

13、ll babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What's more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel v

14、ersion of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into

15、its own, when it began to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years。I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological deve

16、lopment. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s。Tr

17、ade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" became common shoppers' term that it evolved into a broadly accepted develo

18、pmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences or invent them where they did not previously exist。26 By saying "it is . The rainbow"(line 3,

19、Para 1)， the author means pink _。A should not be the sole representation of girlhoodB should not be associated with girls' innocenceC cannot explain girls' lack of imaginationD cannot influence girls' lives and interests27 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true ofcolour

20、s?A Colors are encoded in girls' DNAB Blue used to be regarded as the color for girlsC Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing gendersD White is preferred by babies28 The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological devotement was much influenced by _。A the marketin

21、g of products for childrenB the observation of children's natureC researches into children's behaviorD studies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised _。A focuses on infant wear and older kids' clothesB attach equal importance to diff

22、erent gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create some common shoppers' terms30. it can be concluded that girl's attraction to pink seems to be _。A clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB fully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD

23、 well interpreted by psychological expertsPart BDirections:For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark

24、 your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 10 points)Section WritingPart A51. Directions:。You should write about 100 words on

25、ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use "Postgraduates' Association" instead. ( 10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you shoulddescribe the picture briefly,explain its intended meani

26、ng, andgive your comments。You should write neatly on answer sheet 2.2012年全国硕士 研究生入学考试英语试题National Entrance Test of English for MA/MSCandidates (NETEM) 跨考英语教研室杨凤芝Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blankand mark A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHE

27、ET 1. ( 10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issuerecently. The court cannot_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule oflaw_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances,justices acted in ways that_ the courts reputation for being independen

28、tand impartial。Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., for example, appeared atpolitical events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the courtsdecisions will be_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is thatthe justices are not _ by an ethics code. At the very least, the cour

29、tshould make itself_ to the code of conduct that _to the rest of thefederal judiciary。This and other cases _the question of whether there is still a _between the court and politics。The framers of the Constitution envisioned law_ having authority apartfrom politics. They gave justices permanent posit

30、ions _ they would be freeto _those in power and have no need to_ political support. Our legalsystem was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they areso closely _。Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted infundamental social _like liberty and propert

31、y. When the court deals withsocial policy decisions, the law it _is inescapably political whichis why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _ as unjust。The justices must _doubts about the courts legitimacy by makingthemselves _to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings mor

32、elikely to be seen as separate from politics and, _, convincing as law。1 A emphasize B maintain C modify D recognize 2 A when B best C before D unless3 A rendered B weakened C established D eliminated4 A challenged B compromised C suspected D accepted 5. A advanced B caught C bound D founded 6. A re

33、sistant B subject C immune D prone 7. A resorts B sticks C leads D applies 8. A evade B raise C deny D settle 9. A line B barrier C similarity D conflict 10. A by B as C through D towards 11. A so B since C provided D though 12. A serve B satisfy C upset D replace 13. A confirm B express C cultivate

34、 D offer 14 A guarded B followed C studied D tied15. A concepts B theories C divisions D convenience16. A excludes B questions C shapes D controls17. A dismissed B released C ranked D distorted18. A suppress B exploit C address D ignore 19. A accessible B. amiable C agreeable D accountable20. A by a

35、ll means B at all costs C in a word D as a resultSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text bychoosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points)Text 2TEXT2Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so o

36、bsessed with thecolour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. It is not that pinkintrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it maycelebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girlsidentity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even a

37、mong two-year-olds,between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence。Looking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girlslives and interests。Girls' attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA,but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate

38、professor of American Studies,it's not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20thcentury: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as apractical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boilthem. What's more, both boys and girls wor

39、e what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actuallyconsidered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which wasassociated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary,constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity.

40、It was not until themid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominantchildren's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when itbegan to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female,at least for the first few critical years。I had not rea

41、lised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perceptionof what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychologicaldevelopment. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something expertsdeveloped after years of research into children's behaviour: wrong. Turns out,acco

42、rding to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it waspopularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s。Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increasesales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear andol

43、der kids' clothes. It was only after "toddler" became common shoppers'term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splittingkids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way toboost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market

44、is tomagnify gender differences or invent them where they did not previously exist。26 By saying "it is . The rainbow"(line 3, Para 1)， the author means pink _。A should not be the sole representation of girlhoodB should not be associated with girls' innocenceC cannot explain girls'

45、lack of imaginationD cannot influence girls' lives and interests27 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?A Colors are encoded in girls' DNAB Blue used to be regarded as the color for girlsC Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing gendersD White is preferr

46、ed by babies28 The author suggests that our perception of children's psychologicaldevotement was much influenced by _。A the marketing of products for childrenB the observation of children's natureC researches into children's behaviorD studies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from

47、 Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised _。A focuses on infant wear and older kids' clothesB attach equal importance to different gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create some common shoppers' terms30. it can be concluded that girl's attraction to pink seems to be

48、_。A clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB fully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD well interpreted by psychological expertsPart BDirections:For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the listA-G and fill them into thenumbered

49、boxes to form a coherent text. ParagraphE has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in withthe text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segmentsinto Chinese. Your translation

50、 should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.( 10 points)Section WritingPart A51. Directions:。You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use "Postgraduates'Association" instead. ( 10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay

51、of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In youressay,you should1) describe the picture briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments。You should write neatly on answer sheet 2. 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C6.B 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.B11.A 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.A16.C 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.D21.D 22.

52、D 23.A 24.C 25.D26.C 27.A 28.A 29.B 30.B31.A 32.D 33.B 34.D 35.D36.C 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.A41.C 42.D 43.A 44.F 45.G46.在物理学上，一种方法是将这种冲动完美发挥到极点并且导找到一种万能的理论-一条我们都可以看的见，明白的普遍公式。47.在这里，达尔文主义似乎提供了一个准则，如果所有的人类都有共同的起源，那么文化差异能够追寻到更早的可控的起源也是合理的。48.从我们的共同特征中过滤独特性能够使我们明白文化行为的复杂性起源以及是什么在进化方面和认知方面指导我们人类。49、其实，由约书亚格林

53、伯说，将更多的经验主义用在了普遍性上，验证许多语言所共有的特点，这些特点被认为是代表了由认知限制造成的偏见。50. 乔姆斯基的语法应该表现了语言更改的模式，是通过独立的家谱或由它所跟踪的路径，而通过性预测的特定类型间的合作关系。Part A47.Directions：Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day. Write and email to the customer service cent

54、er to1) make a complaint， and2) demand a prompt solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.参考范文：Dear Mr./Miss：This letter is a complaint concerning the electronic dictionary I bought from your online store t

55、he other day.Two weeks ago I mailed the money that ordered and soon received the electronic dictionary. I followed the instructions attached with it. Instead I cannot get it started anyway. After changed the battery inside several times in vain， I totally gave it up.I wrote to your company expecting

56、 a prompt solution to this problem. I would hope that you could do something to give me a satisfactory feedback. And I will appreciate it very much if you put a strict test on these electronic dictionaries ， thus stop the continuing complaints and suffers of other comtomers.Sincerely Yours，Zhang Wei2012年考研英语真题：作文题目及范文作文一些外国留学生将要来你的大学，以学生会的名义给他们写一封email,1. 表示你的欢迎2. 为他们在这里的校园生活提供一些建议请写100个字左右，请不要在信的末尾写你的名字，用笔名代替，不要写地址。范文亲爱的同学们，首先请允许我代表我校的各位领导老师及同学们对你们的到来表示热烈的欢迎，欢迎来到我校