热点05人的身心健康及智力发展(2)

1、2021年高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读热点05人的身心健康及智力发展阅读理解iAbout the time that schools and others quite reas on ably became in terested in see ing to it that all childre n, whatever their backgro und, were fairly treated, in tellige nee test ing became un popular.Some thought it was unfair to minority children. Through

2、 the past few decades such testing has gone out of fashi on and many com mun ities have in deed forbidde n it.However, paradoxically（自相矛盾的）,just recently a group of black parents filed a lawsuit （诉讼）in California cla iming that the state' s ban on IQ testing discr歧视a】esgainst their children by d

3、enying them theopport unity to take the test. （They believe, correctly, that IQ tests are a valid method of evaluat ing （评估）childre nfor special education classes.） The judge, therefore, reversed, at least partially his original decision.And so the argume nt goes on and on. Does it ben efit or harm

4、childre n from minority groups to have their in tellige nee tested? We have always bee n on the side of permitt ing, even promot ing such test in g. If a child of any color or group is doing poorly in school it seems to us very importa nt to know whether it is because he or she is of low in tellige

5、nee, or whether some other factor is the cause.What school and family can do to improve poor performa nee is in flue need by its cause. It is not discrim in ative to evaluate either a child' s physical condition or his intellectual level.Unfortunately, intellectual level seems to be a sensitive

6、subject, and what the law allows us to do varies from time to time. The same fluctuation （ 起伏）back and forth occurs in areas other than intelligenee. Thirty years or so ago, for instanee, white families were encouraged to adopt black children. It was considered discriminative not to do so.And the n

7、the style cha nged and this cross-racial adopti ng became gen erally un popular, and social age ncies felt that black childre n should go to black families onl y. It is hard to say what are the best procedures. But surely good will on the part of all of us is n eeded.As to intelligenee, in our opini

8、on, the more we know about any child 'tellectual level, the better for the child in questi on.1. Why did the in tellige nee test become un popular in the past few decades?A. Its validity was challe nged by many com mun ities.B. It was con sidered discrim in ative aga in st m ino rity childre n.C

9、. It met with strong oppositi on from the majority of black pare nts.D. It robbed the black children of their rights to a good education.2. The author believes that in tellige nee testi ng .A. may ease racial discrim in ati on in the Un ited StatesB. can en courage black childre n to keep up with wh

10、ite childre nC. may seriously worse n racial discrim in ati on in the Un ited StatesD. can help black parents make decisions about their children' s education3. The author ' s opinion of child adoption seems to be that .A. no definite rules can be prescribedB. white families should adopt bla

11、ck childre nC. adopti on should be based on IQ test resultsD. cross-racial adopti on is to be advocated4. Child adopti on is men ti oned in the passage to show that.A. good will may sometimes complicate racial problemsB. social surro undings are vital to the healthy growth of childre nC. in tellige

12、nee testi ng also applies to non-academic areasD. America n opinion can shift whe n it comes to sen sitive issues【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文说明了不同的人对于对孩子进行智力测验的不同的态度，有的赞成，有的 反对。这个争论持续反复，对于这样的敏感话题，法律允许我们做的事情也是时不时改变。作者认为，对 于智力而言，我们对孩子智力水平了解的越多，对问题中的孩子越好。1. 细节理解题。由题干中的"in the past few dec

13、ades可以将本题答案定位在第二自然段。第二段总共两句话，使用的是原因结果的逻辑关系。所以再过去的几十年，智力测验被废除的原因是“ Somethought it was unfair to”。故选B。min ority childre n.（些人认为智力测验对少数群体的孩子是不公平的）2. 推理判断题。由第四段中的“ We have always been on the side of permitting, even promoting such testing. 可知，我们一直都支持智力测验的，也暗示了作者对智力测验支持的态度。再有本段中的举例如果一个少数群体中的孩子学业成绩很差，知道是智

14、力问题还是其它问题显得尤为重要”以及第五段内容学校和家长能为改善差的表现做些什么取决于原因。所以评估学生的体能或智力不是歧视。”可知，作者认为智力测验能帮助家长了解孩子，做出更适合的决定。故选D。3. 推理判断题。由第七段中的"It is hard to say what are the best procedures.可知，作者认为什么样的程序是最好的程序很难说，也就是说这个没有定论。故选A。4. 推理判断题。由于举例出现在第六段最后两句话和第七段，所以我们在第六段句首找例子所要证明的中心。由第六段前两句不幸的是，智力测验像是一个敏感话题，法律允许我们做什么不时地改变。不仅仅是智力

15、，一样的起伏也发生在其它领域。”所以举例所要证明的中心就是这种观点的起伏在其它敏感领域也会出现。且选项 D中的shift与文中30年前30年后对收养态度的转变呼应，故选D。2Does your older brother think he' s cleverer than you? Well, he' s probably right. According to a new ipublished in the journal Intelligenee, the oldest children in families are likely to have the highest

16、IQs and the youn gest the lowest.A nu mber of studies have suggested that IQ scores decli ne with birth order. I n the most recent study, at VrijeUniversity, Amsterdam, researchers looked at men and women whose IQ had been tested at the ages of 5 , 12 , and18.The results, which show a trend for the

17、oldest to score better tha n the youn gest in each test, in volved about200,000 people. That showed that first-bor ns had a three-po int IQ adva ntage over the sec on d-bor n, who was a point ahead of the n ext in line.The order of birth can also affect personality, achievement, and career, with fir

18、st-borns being more academically successful and more likely to win Nobel prizes. However, eldest children are less likely to be radical（不同凡响的）and pioneering. Charles Darwin, for example, was the fifth child of six.Exactly why there should be such differences is not clear, and there are a number of t

19、heories on environmentalin flue nces on the child.The so-called dilution（ 稀释法）theory suggests that as family resources, both emotional and physical, as wellas economic, are limited, it follows that, as a result , as more children come along, the levels of parental attention and encouragement will dr

20、op. Another theory is that the intellectual environment in the family favors the first-born who has, at least for some time, the ben efit of in dividual care and help.The theory which enjoys the most support is that the extra time and patience that the earlier-borned get from their parents, compared

21、 with those arriving later, gives them an advantage.5. What is the passage mainly about?A. IQ scores have little to do with the order of birth.B. I ntellectual families favor the first-born.C. The order of birth can have an effect on IQ.D. The order of birth can affect pers on ality, achieveme nt, a

22、nd career.6. By using Charles Darwin as an example, the author wants to prove that.A. eldest children are the smartest in a familyB. youn gest childre n will usually become expertsC. first-borns are more likely to win Nobel prizesD. eldest children are less likely to try something new7. What do we k

23、now about the diluti on theory?A. In tellectual pare nts love the first born betterB. Pare nts' atte nti on will drop with more childre n comingC. Family resources, both emoti onal and physical are en dless.D. First-bor n get less care and help from their pare nts.8. The passage is developed mai

24、nly by.A. offeri ng opinion with further expla nati onB. pointing out similarities and differe nceC. compari ng opinions from differe nt fieldsD. providi ng typical examples9. The passage can be classified into the follow ing type of writing.A. argume ntatio nB. descripti onC. narration（记叙文）D. expos

25、ition（说明）【答案】5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。根据一项新研究，出生的顺序会影响智力。关于为什么会产生这种差异，不同 的理论有不同的解释。5. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的 According to a new research published in the journal Intelligenee, the oldest childre n in families are likely to have the highest IQs and the youn gest the lowest. 可知根据一项新研究， 家庭中年 龄最大的孩子

26、可能智商最高，而最小的智商最低。文章后面也进一步解释了这个以及介绍了相关的理论，所以本文主要讲出生的顺序会影响智力，故选C项。6. 推理判断题。根据第四段中 However, eldest children are less likely to be radical （不同凡响的） and pioneering.Charles Darwi n, for example, was the fifth child of six.可知长子不太可能激进和开拓。例如，查尔斯达尔文（Charles Darwin ）是六个孩子中的第五个孩子。在这里作者用达尔文是第五个孩子的例子证明前文中长子不太可能激进和开

27、拓”，也就是长子不太可能尝试新的东西，故选D项。7. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的The so-called dilution（稀释法）theory suggests that as family resources, bothemoti onal and physical, as well as econo mic, are limited, it follows that, as a result , as more childre n come along, the levels of parental attention and encouragement will drop. 可知所谓

28、的稀释法理论表明，由于家庭资源，无论 是在情感上还是物质上以及经济上都是有限的，因此，随着更多的孩子的出现，父母的关注和鼓励水平也会下降。故选B项。8. 推理判断题。本文第一二段首先介绍研究表明出生的顺序会影响智力，第三段进一步阐释了这项新研究，接着列举了三个人们用来解释为什么出生顺序会造成智商差异的理论。由此可以看出，作者通过给出一个观点然后进行进一步阐释来写这篇文章的，故选A项。9. 推理判断题。作者先提出新研究发现家庭中年龄最大的孩子可能智商最高，而最小的智商最低，然后对其进行进一步阐释使读者对其有了一定的认识，是一篇说明文，选D项。3When it comes to academic

29、achievement, intelligence is an important factorbut it is certainly not the only,or even the most importa nt factor.Accord ing to a new Australia n study, pers on ality is a better predictor of success in school tha n in tellige nce as measured by traditi onal sta ndardized tests. Specifically, stud

30、e nts who were more hard-work ing and ope ner perform better academically tha n those who were merely in tellige nt.Australia n researchers compared measureme nts of the Big Five pers on ality traits （特性）extravers ion,n euroticism, agreeable ness, con scie ntious ness and ope nn ess to experie nceto

31、 college stude nts' grades and testscores. They asked stude nts to complete pers on ality self-assessme nt, and also asked others who knew the stude nts well to complete assessments of them. They found that the students self-assessments were as effective as in tellige nce in predict ing academic

32、 performa nce, and that the reports from those who knew them well were n earlyfour times more accurate in predict ing academic performa nee tha n in tellige nee.The researchers found that the factors of ope nn ess and con scie ntious ness had the largest in flue nee on academic success, in agreement

33、 with previous research which has linked these two traits with various types of achievement Studies have shown openness to experienee which has to do with intellectual curiosity, and how excited we get to acquire new information to be the number-one predictor of creative achievement. Con scie ntious

34、 ness, on the other han d, is only one of the Big Five traits that is con siste ntly predict ing success."In practical terms, the amount of effort stude nts are prepared to put in, and where that effort is focused, are at least as im porta nt as whether the stude nts are smart, 'the study &

35、#39;lead author, Dr. Arthur Poropat of Griffith University' s School of Applied Psychology, said in a statement.with the Aiodstehelptfehpersonalitysmartcon sciewill score a full grade higher than an aver age student in this regard.”The findings come as an importa nt remin der that childre n who

36、may not be con sideredmeasures may still become highly successful through their own efforts. And si nee pers on ality may be more malleable （可塑的）than intellectual capability, helping struggling students develop beneficial personality traits particularly in tellectual curiosity and a stro ng sense of

37、 work resp on sibility may be a powerful means of improving academic performanee. Fortunately, high-IQ students who struggle more with attitude and social skills can also lear n to develop these qualities.“ Person ality does cha nge and some educators in deed have trained aspects of stude ntsopennes

38、s, leading them to greater learning capacity, Poropat said in the statement. “ Bycontrast, there is little evidenee that intelligenee can be taught ' , despite the pOlplUahigya：|di：bain ”10. Accord ing to the passage, in tellige nee.A. is one of the Big Five pers on ality traitsB. has a great in

39、 flue nee on success in schoolC. plays a decisive role in academic performa neeD. is more accurate tha n pers on ality in predict ing success11. What can we infer from the third paragraph?A. Students didn' t mak-assessments seriously.B. In tellige nee accurately predicted academic performa nee.C

40、. Students ' sefessments are not related to their intelligenee.D. Assessme nts done by others are more reliable tha n self-assessme nts.2021年高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读12. For a creative job, which of the followi ng counts most?A. I ntellige nee.B. Resp on sibility.C. Openn ess.D. Con scie ntious ness.2021年高

41、考英语考前时事热点话题阅读2021年高考英语考前时事热点话题阅读13. The author tries to imply thatA. high-IQ stude nts have good pers on ality traitsB. i ntellige nee can be developed with brai n-trai ning appsC. pers on ality-tra ining may help unin tellige nt stude nts achieve successt very important to smart childrenD. ope nn e

42、ss and con scie ntious ness aren【答案】10. B 11. D 12. C 13. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。智力对学业的成功有很大的影响。作者暗示人格训练可以帮助不聪明的学生取得成功。10. 纟田节理解题。根据第一段中 When it comes to academic achievement, intelligenee is an important factor 谈至y学业成就，智力是一个重要因素”。可知，根据这篇文章，智力对学业的成功有很大的影响。故选B。11. 推理判断题。根据第三段中They found that th e students'

43、; -aseBssments were as effective as intelligenee inpredict ing academic performa nee, and that the reports from those who knew them well were n early four times more accurate in predict ing academic performa nee tha n in tellige nee. 他们发现，在预测学习成绩方面，学生的自我评 估和智力一样有效，而那些对他们非常了解的人的报告在预测学习成绩方面的准确性几乎是智力的四

44、倍。”可知，别人做的评估比自己做的评估更可靠。故选D。12. 推理判断题。根据第四段中 Studies have shown openness to experienee which has to do with intellectualcuriosity, and how excited we get to acquire new informationto be the number-one predictor of creativeachievement.研究表明，乐于接受与求知欲有关，与获取新信息的兴奋程度有关的经历一一成为创造性成就 的头号预测因素。”可知，对于一份创造性的工作，Op

45、e nness最重要。故选 C。13. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ Person ality does cha nge and some educators in deed have trained aspects ofstudents ' conscientiousness and openness, leading them to greater learning capacity,性格确实在改变，一些教 ”" 育者确实培养了学生的责任心和开放性，使他们有更大的学习能力，”可知，作者试图暗示人格训练可以帮助不聪明的学生取得成功。故选CoLunch hours are g

46、etting shorter and shorter , and even disappearing in some parts of todayWith fewer employees but more tasks to be accomplished in a day , many America ns treat lunch n ot as a break butas just ano ther task to squeeze into an already over-booked day . But do quick meals at the desk actually improve

47、 productivity over more leisurely meals ? According to the latest study published in the journal PLOS ONE , they could help you get more done .The researchers only studied 32 employees , so the findings are arguable . But whe n they assig ned one group to eat at their desks and the other to dine wit

48、h a colleague at a restaura nt , they found that those who ate lunch together showed a decline in their performance on tests that measured concentration , memory and the ability to catch errors and read emotions in facial expression following lunch than before lunch . Both groups ate the same meals

49、, but those who ate alone were only give n 20 minu tes to con sume their food , while the paired participa nts were allowed one hour in the restaura nt. Those who ate alone did not have as large a drop in their cog nitive （认知） process ing as those who ate in the restaura nt .There were too many fact

50、ors at play to determ ine which had the stron gest in flue nce on cog nitive con trol . Whatever factor was resp on sible , however , the group that took a restaura nt lunch break came back more relaxed , say the author , and that likely affected their cog nitive sharp ness Shari ng a meal outside t

51、he office with a friend appears to have a calming effect , and while it reduces intellectual skills , it could foster social harmony and teamwork , which may be an important feature of some work tasks .But don ' t feel sry for the lone lunchers . It turns out that since they were able to maintai

52、n their cognitive skills following the meal , they might be in a better position to think creatively for projects that require more soluti ons or approaches .14. What can we lear n about the research ?A. Its findings are unlikely to raise argument.B. Both groups were give n one hour for lunch .C. Th

53、e employees havi ng lunch together performed worse in all aspects .D. The cognitive skills of the group eating alone declined less than the other .15. Shari ng a meal with a friend can help.A. enhance the cog nitive sharp nessB. improve harm onious teamworkC. finish all the work afterwardsD. mai nta

54、 in the in tellectual skills16. What task does the author think is more suitable for those dining alone ?A. The task requiri ng cooperati on .B. The task requiri ng cal ming effect .C. The task requiri ng creativity .D. The task requiri ng harm ony .【答案】14. D 15. B 16. C【解析】本文讨论了独自吃饭和与朋友聚餐对认知能力的影响。1

55、4. 纟田节理解题。 由 Those who ate alone did not have as large a drop in their cognitive （认知）processing as thosewho ate in the restaura nt .可知独自吃饭的人比去饭馆聚餐的人认知技能下降的少，选D。15. 纟田节理解题。由it could foster social harmony and teamwork , which may be an important feature of somework tasks .可知和朋友一起吃饭能够提高和谐的团队合作，选B。16. 纟

56、田节理解题。由 But don ' t feel sorry for the lone lunchers . It turns out that since they were able to maintaintheir cognitive skills following the meal , they might be in a better position to think creatively for projects that require more solutio ns or即proaches .可知作者认为有创造力的工作更适合独自吃饭，选C。thei5Have you

57、 ever complained,"I remember reading it, but I can' t remember what it said?the SQ4R readi ng method.S = Survey.The first step is to take a few minu tes skim ming the chapter. Dont yet, just look afttopead iheadi ngs, key words, and read the summary.Q = Question. As you prepare to read the

58、chapter,turn the first topic into a question or two.As you read, seach for the answer.This will help you organize your reading-find the parts that answer your question, give an example ,consist of related information or that may answer a later question.Most importantly, this gives you a reas on to read the n ext paragraph.R = Read.Read in short（部分s） ",then determine how that answers question （ s） you originally posed（提出）.Ofte n as you read other questi ons will arise.R = Recite. Now can you answer your question （s） in your own words? If you c