1动名词的用法及练习题

1、动名词的用法1动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词 + ing构成，否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。1）作主语动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如：Walking is good exercise. Seeing is believing. Smoking may cause cancer.。 Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.  动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用"It is "

2、;和"There is "两种句式来表示。例如：It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office.It needs time to make three copies of it.  It's nice talking with you.  。It was very difficult getting everything ready in time. It is no use waiting for him any longer. It is no good learning without

3、practice.There is no joking about such matters. There is no harm in doing so.   2）作定语  动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于的”或表示“处于某件事情中的”含义。例如： swimming pool 游泳池    reading material 阅读材料walking stick 手杖     floating needle 浮针 opening speech 开幕词

4、    listening aid 助听器 waiting room 候车室    running water 自来水 developing countries 发展中国家  working people 劳动人民sleeping child 熟睡孩子 3）作表语  动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“某件事”等。例如： His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词）

5、他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent.（动名词）读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。Their task is exploring oil mines in the west. （动名词） 他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。  动名词作表语，容易与现在分词作表语相混淆。记住：动名词表语表达的是“某件事”(与不定式短语的意义相近)，而现在分词表语表示“具有某个作用”。例如： The situation is very

6、 much encouraging.（现在分词） 形势非常令人鼓舞。His present job is not that stimulating as he expected. （现在分词） 他现在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。 Their plan is to build another dormitory for their staff this year. （不定式）他们的计划是今年再为员工们建一栋宿舍楼。His wish is to become a pilot. （不定式） 他的愿望是当飞行员。4）作宾语。如：He is fond of playing football. I

7、 like swimming. admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel，like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，risk，suggest，cant help（情不自禁），cant stand（无法忍受）等动词成词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词或词

8、组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。Lets go on studying Lesson 6. （让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）Lets go on to study Lesson 6. （让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）I remember doing the exercise. （我记得做过练习。）I must remember to do it. （我必须记着做这事。）I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那里。）I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次。）Stop speaking. （不要讲话。）He

9、 stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话。）I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些来。）Missing the train means waiting for another hour. （误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。）在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必须用

10、动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如：The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. Her method is worth trying. 在短语devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，thank you for，excuse me for，be(kept) busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem(in)，h

11、ave a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，theres no use/good/need，feel/seem like/get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon. 在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。但start和begin在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语：当主语是物而不是人时；

12、当start或begin以-ing形式出现时，当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时。如：It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant. 在should(would) like/love等后须用不定式。5）动名词作状语  动名词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动名词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。 Having cleaned the rooms we began to weed

13、the garden. (时间) Coming into the room, she saw everybody already at their work. (时间) Being ill, he couldn't go to school. (原因) Having no interest in the topic, he didn't go to the lecture. (原因) Working diligently, you will certainly succeed. (条件) Using atomic energy, we can build spaceships.

14、 (条件) Granting the achievements to be great, there is still something to be desired. (让步) My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. (结果) Traveling by train, we visited a number of cities. (方式) Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. (伴随) 6）动名词作定语 动名词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的

15、。动名词可以单独作定语，如： a smiling face 笑脸 a leading figure 领导人物 动名词还能构成合成词作定语，如： easy-going man 好说话的人 swimming pool 游泳池sleeping-pill 安眠药片 dining-car 餐车当分词短语做后置定语时，可以转换成定语从句。 She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai. = She went on board the train, which was leaving for Shanghai. There are two roads be

16、fore us, one leading to the beach, the other to the park. = There are two roads before us, one which leads to the beach, the other to the park. 2，练习题、填入动词的适当形式：1. Can you imagine yourself _ in a lonely island? (stay)2. I can't understand your _ at that poor child. (laugh)3. She didn't mind _

17、 overtime. (work)4. To make a living, he tried _, _, and various other things, but he had failed in all. (write; paint)5. We are looking forward to Mary's _. (come)6. She was praised for _ the life of the child. (save)7. She ought to be praised instead of _. (criticize).8. Is there any possibili

18、ty of our _ the championship? (win)9. He came to the party without _. (invite).用所给动词的适当形式填空：1. We have planned _(make) a school radio programme. 2. Do you know when_ (start) the party?3. I find it very interesting _(talk) with foreigners.4. Shes thinking about _(make)a phone call to her parents. 5.

19、What bad weather ! I hate _(go ) out on cloudy days. 6. Do you really enjoy _(play) the violin every day. 7. My parents asked me _(do) my homework on time. 8. Im really sorry . I forgot _(close) the door before I left. 9. I didnt want my parents _(worry) about me , but Im afraid _(stay)at home alone

20、. 10. I hate to hear people _(talk) loudly in public. 11. Betty , we need _(make) a plan.12. Please remember _(post) the letter for the old man. 13. Stop _(chat), everyone. Our English teacher is coming. 14. He hates_(cook) meals . He enjoys _(have)lunch in the restaurant. 15. It started_(rain) when

21、 we were walking in the street last Sunday. 现在分词用法一、现在分词的形式1. 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。例如：The students standing there are from Class Three. 站在那里的学生来自三班。The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October. 2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having +been+

22、动词过去分词”。例如：Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. 结束了所有的工作后，他们好好地休息了一下。Having been laughed at his looks during the childhood, the boy is still very sensitive about his appearance so far. 3. 现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。例如：Not reading

23、carefully, he wouldnt find many things he had not known before. Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity. 没被公众所关注，年轻的作家感到有点遗憾。Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 没有回应，因此他决定再写一封信。二、现在分词的用法1. 作定语 现在分词作定语，具有形容词的性质。一般说来，单个的现在分词一般可以前置作定语，修饰名词；如果现在分词构成分词短语则后

24、置作定语。例如：Keep quiet. Don't wake up the sleeping children. 请安静。不要吵醒睡觉的孩子们。We live in a room facing the south. 我们住在一间朝南的房间里。这两个例句要换个位置，以配合前面说明。而且facing the south也不算分词短语啊，请换一个例句。2. 作表语 现在分词作表语时总是放在系动词的后面，构成系表结构，表示主语的状态。例如：The story sounds interesting. 这故事听起来很有趣。The promising future is more encouragi

25、ng than ever before. 未来充满希望，前所未有地鼓舞人心。It is annoying that the meeting should be put off. 会议要推迟，真是恼人。3. 作宾语补足语 现在分词作宾语补足语，通常用在感官动词或使役动词的宾语后面，表示主动或动作正在进行。例如：Some people leave the water running after washing hands. 有些人洗完手后就让水依然哗哗地流着。When I found him cheating, I decided not to accept his flatteries and

26、apologies any more. 当我发现他欺骗我时，我决定再不接受他的奉承和道歉了。4. 作状语 现在分词作状语，相当于一个表示原因、时间、方式、条件、结果等情况的状语从句。根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。1) 表示时间，相当于状语从句when, while。例如：He went through the papers while listening to music. 他边浏览报纸，边听音乐。Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life. 在家乡学习的时候，我享受了这一生最快乐的时光。2) 表示

27、条件，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。例如：Being given once more time, I will finish the task! 假如再给我一次机会，我会完成任务的！Preparing fully, we are sure to pass the test. 如果准备充分，我们肯定能通过考试。3) 表示原因，相当于原因状语从句because, since, for, as, etc.例如：Not understanding the relationship between the two cases, I asked the lawyer about it. 由于不明白两个案子

28、之间的关系，我咨询了律师。Being ill, she can't go to work today. 因为生病，今天她不能上班了。4) 表示让步，相当于though, although或no matter+特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句。例如：Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管了解了这一切，他们还是让我赔偿损失。Although working hard every day, we still have endless work to deal with. 我们即使每天拼命干活，还是有处理不完的工作。5) 表示结果

29、，相当于结果状语从句。例如：His parents' letter has just come, relieving him from anxiety. 他父母的来信刚刚到，可解了他的焦躁了。Their car was caught in a traffic jam, causing the delay. 他们的车遇上了交通堵塞，结果耽搁了。6) 表示方式或伴随状语。例如：They lay on the grass, looking at the sky. 他们躺在草地上，仰望着填空。The children ran out of the room, laughing and jump

30、ing. 孩子们从房间里跑出来，欢笑着，蹦跳着。根据上述现在分词的用法，我们可以了解到问题中涉及的句子中的动词-ing形式，即completing一词，并不是动名词形式。在这个句子中出现了while，引导时间状语，因此completing为现在分词形式，表示句中的时间。全句意为：必须能够六天不睡觉，同时完成其他一些任务。现在分词与过去分词 【提问】下面这一题应该如何解答？ From friends and family, prisoners often suffer from loneliness. A. Cutting out B. Cutting down C. Cut in D. Cut

31、 off (Experiencing English Extended Book 2 Page 42) 答：该句子涉及到分词结构。选项A、B为现在分词；选项C、D为过去分词，如果分析分词的成分和用法，可将前者与后者区分开来。u 现在分词与过去分词都可以在句中起形容词和副词的作用，可作定语、表语、补足语和状语。1) 作定语 现在分词作定语，多表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词同时进行，也可表示经常性的动作或状态；而过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作先于谓语动词发生的动作或表示被动关系。分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。例如：The man standing

32、at the window is our teacher. 站在窗户边的男子是我们的老师。Polluted air and water are harmful to peoples health. 污染了的空气和水对人们的健康有害。2) 作表语 现在分词和过去分词作表语时都放在系动词之后，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。例如：I think the shop is closed at this time of day. 我想这时商店关门了。The idea seems quite convincing. 这个主意好像很有说服力。3) 作宾语补足语 现在分词和过去分词都可以作宾语补足语，通常用

33、在感官动词(如hear, see, notice, watch, feel, look at等)或使役动词(如make, let, have等)的宾语之后，亦可以用于“with+复合宾语”结构中。选择使用现在分词还是过去分词主要取决于宾语和动词的关系，如果两者间是主动关系就用现在分词，如果是被动关系则用过去分词。例如：We watched the teacher making the experiment carefully. 我们仔细地看老师做实验。When he came in, he found the window broken. 当他进来时，发现窗户被打破了。4) 作状语 分词作状语

34、时，现在分词往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系，表示时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、伴随情况等；过去分词一般表示被动关系或已经完成的动作，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随情况等。例如：Hearing the cry for help, they all rushed out. 听到呼救声，他们都冲了出来。Encouraged by the teacher, we worked still harder than ever. 受到老师的鼓励，我们比以前更努力地学习。【扩展】分词短语作状语时，它表示的动作或状态有意义上的主语这句话我没看明白，请修正，这个意义上的主语与句中主语是一致的，即所指的同一个人或同一件

35、事物。例如：Looking up at Tom, I listened to the story of Washington. 我抬头看着汤姆，听着华盛顿的故事。(look up 和listen to 都是“我”发出的动作)如果分词短语意义上的主语与句中主语不是同一个人或物，就必须有一个名词或一个主格代词作它意义上的主语，放在前面构成一个独立短语，这种“名词(主格代词)+分词”的结构称为带主语的独立结构。例如：The bus being very crowded, he had to stand. 公共汽车很挤，他只好站着。(分词的逻辑主语是the bus，句子的主语是he)It being

36、fine, Ill go fishing. 天气好的话，我将去钓鱼。(分词的逻辑主语是It，句子的主语是I)u 形容词性的现在分词与过去分词的区别分词用作形容词时，present(现在)和past(过去)这两个术语并不能说明它们的真正作用，它们的主要区别在于语态和时间关系上。1) 语态不同 现在分词表示主动关系，过去分词表示被动的意思。例如：a sleeping boy 正在睡觉的孩子 the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳 a burnt child 一个烧伤的孩子 a raised hand 举起的手2) 时间关系不同 一般来说现在分词表示的动作可能与句中限定动词所指的动作同时发生，

37、也可能不同时发生；而过去分词指过去的时间或已经完成的动作。例如：boiling water沸水 an interesting story 激动人心的故事 boiled water 冷开水 a fallen leaf落叶 a retired teacher退休教师【注意】英语中有许多表示人的情感类的形容词需注意区别：现在分词往往来说明某事物所具有的某种性质、特征；而过去分词往往用来说明人受外在条件影响所产生的情感。例如：interesting有趣的，令人感兴趣的 interested 感兴趣的，对表现出兴趣的； disappointing令人失望的，令人灰心的 disappointed失望的，沮丧的；puzzling令人困惑的，令人迷惑不解的，puzzled 困惑的；迷惑不解的；exciting令人激动的，使人兴奋的，excited激动的，兴奋的。根据现在分词与过去分词的区别情况，可以判断原句前半句中，存在分词作状语的情况，分词的逻辑主语与后面的主句主语一致，由于表示的是被动的关系，说明了prisoners often suf