172高中英语语法

1、17.2 从属连词 引导时间状语从句的连词这类连词主要有：When： Dont get excited when you talk. When he got up he felt dizzy. When he comes Ill tell him about it. We were going to the zoo when we met her. We wear plimsolls when doing physical exercises. He gave good practical advice when asked. Often she would weep when alone.W

2、hile: We must strike while the iron is hot. While she ate she grew more restless. While the discussion was going on Peter came in. While I was having dinner Ann was packing. While doing so, we decided to sell the boat. He had an accident while on his way here.As: As he spoke two men came up. As she

3、was leaving, Mr. White saw her. He smiled as he passed. As she sang tears ran down her cheeks. Even as a boy he was hopeless at maths.Before: Look before you leap. It will be five years before we meet again. It wasnt long before he told us about it. I slipped out before the lecture started. Just bef

4、ore I left London I sent him a telegraph.After: I arrived after he had left. After he had said a few words, I took his floor. Soon after we returned, the child vomited. Ill tell them after you have left.Until, till: We danced and danced until they all joined in. Go away until I have finished speakin

5、g to your father. It was not until I saw her next morning that I felt happy. Ill take no steps until you arrive. I propose waiting till the police get here. He determined to stay till (until) the year was up.Since: How long is it since you came to London? He has never been to see me since I have bee

6、n ill. Since Marie had left, Martha had married. It was years since I had seen her.Whenever: You can borrow my car whenever you want. I go and visit him whenever Im in town. Whenever he stayed home he went to bed early. Whenever anyone was ill he installed himself as sick-nurse. Whenever possible, t

7、hey play outside.2) 还有一些其他类型的时间状语从句，例如： Next time you came in, please close the door. Did he tell anything important the last time he saw you? Now (that) youre well again you can travel. Once you have learned Spanish you will find Italian easy. Immediately she entered, his eyes lit up. Shell come ov

8、er as soon as Ive settled down. No sooner had she arrived than she began to complain. The moment he spoke I recognized his voice. Hardly had we got out when it began to snow. Scarcely had I come in when the phone rang.这些句子中的某些词（组）起着连词的作用（如as soon as，no soonerthan，the moment，hardly），有的词甚至已变为连词（如immed

9、iately，now，now that）。 引导条件状语从句的连词1) 条件状语从句主要由if，unless，supposing（suppose）引导：If: I must leave if thats the case. What would Diana think of him If he failed? If she said so, shes a liar. If true, this will cause us a lot of trouble. If necessary, ring me at home. He will come if asked. If convenient,

10、Ill be with you next Tuesday.Unless: I wont write unless he writes first. Unless Im mistaken, Ive seen that man before. Ill go there tomorrow unless it rains. Hed never do this unless compelled. Unless redeemed, itll be for sale.Supposing: Supposing that he asks you, will you go? Supposing his plan

11、goes wrong, what will we do then? Supposing (that) youre wrong, what will you do then?Suppose: Suppose she finds out, what shall we do then? Suppose you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do?Provided: I will agree to go provided (providing) (that) my expenses paid. She agreed to go and there pro

12、vided that her family could go with her.Providing: Ill dry the dishes, providing that you do the washing-up. 2) 条件状语从句还有其他形式： You will always have a home as long as I have anything. I dont mind your knowing anything as long as it goes no further. In case he arrives before I get back, please ask him

13、to wait. Theyll stand by you even if you dont succeed. Were I Tom I would refuse. Should you require anything, just let me know. Had I thought of it, Id have talked to mother.此外，as long as，so long as，in case，even if都起连词作用。 引导目的状语从句的连词引导目的状语从句的连词主要有下面这些：In order that: He left early in order that his

14、children would not be alone in the house. I locked the door in order that we might continue our discussion undisturbed. I lent him 50 in order (so) that he might go for a holiday.So that: Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them. Please interpret this Chinese womans remarks so th

15、at I can understand them. He looked down so that she should not see his eyes.So: Cant you fix it somehow so you could stay longer? Check carefully, so any mistakes could be caught. Ill give him a map so he wont get lost.That: She did it that he might go free. I am anxious to get done that may be bac

16、k in Ireland. I tell you this that you may not shrink from the responsibility. Lest: He hurried on, lest she should meet him again. He was very cautious lest he should be discovered by his wife. He did the money lest it should be stolen.还有一些其他这类从句： She worried for fear that her son would be hurt. Sh

17、e didnt dare to call me for fear they might hear us. Take warm clothes in case the weather is cold. Ill stay in the hotel in case there is news of Harry.这里的for fear (that) , in case都起连词的作用。 引导结果状语从句的连词1）结果状语从句主要由sothat和suchthat引导：Sothat: He was so young that you must excuse him. Bill pitched so well

18、 that everyone cheered him. He was so fat that he couldnt get through the door. So absorbed was he that she didnt dare to make a sound.Suchthat: Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet. He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. They had such a fierce dog that no one

19、 dared to go near their house.That有时可省略，特别是在口语中： They were so tired they could do nothing but yawn. There was such a draught, its no wonder he caught a cold.2）so that也可引导结果状语从句，表示“因此”： One of her lungs is affected so that she has to rest. It fell under my desk, so that I couldnt see it.So也可引导这类从句： I

20、t was dark so I couldnt see very well. She felt very tired so she went to bed early.So和that之间有时可稍稍停顿： His heart beat so that he could hardly breathe. Explain it so that a 10-year-old boy could understand it. 引导原因状语从句的连词1）引导原因状语从句的连词主要有because, as, since:Because: Because it was wet he took a taxi. He

21、 was worried because he hadnt had any letter from her. Why arent you coming with us?- Because I have got a bad headache.As: As David had a passion for walking, we started off on foot. We dont go there much now, as we are going away so soon. As youre sorry, Ill forgive you.Since: Since theyve obvious

22、ly forgotten to phone me, Ill have to telephone them. Since you cant answer my questions, Ill have to ask someone else. He was not prepared for the question, since he had not made up his mind.2）还有一些表示原因的状语从句由seeing (that),considering (that)或now that等引导： Seeing that hes been ill all weak, hes unlikel

23、y to come. We could have a joint party, seeing your birthday is the same day as mine. Considering he has only just started, he knows quite a lot about it. Considering youve only been studying for a year, you speak English very well. Now that you have the chance you had better avail yourself of it. P

24、lease dont try to back out now that everything has been arranged. Now youre here, you may make yourself useful.Seeing, considering, now that都可以看作连词。3）许多用在形容词后的that从句也起原因状语的作用（that有时可省略）： She was glad that she had controlled herself. He felt ashamed that he had done so little. I am awfully sorry that

25、 this has happened. Im very pleased youve decided to come. I am surprised I didnt see that before. 引导让步状语从句的连词引导让步状语从句的连词主要有下面这些：Although: Although (though) everyone played well, we lost the game. He said they were married, although Im sure they arent. I didnt know that then, although I learned it l

26、ater. Hes very lovable although not at all tidy.Though: Though times were changed, Bossily was till Bossily. Though he was going to Edinburgh, he was in no hurry. It is right for us to go, though I felt all for Gerry to decide. Though not large, the room was light and airy. The girl, though plain, h

27、ad a kind face.Even though: Hes an honest man even though I have opposed him. She still loved him even though he had treated her so badly.Even if: I wouldnt do it, even if you paid me a thousand pounds. Im going to expose him even if hes brother of mine.While: While they are my neighbors, I dont kno

28、w them well. While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you.2）下面句子中的从句也是让步状语从句： Clever though she was, she couldnt conceal her eagerness for praise. Intelligent as she was, she had not much in sight. Try as he would, he could not get her out of his mind. She was unable to make much progress,

29、 hard as she tired. However long you argue you will never convince her. However cold it is, he always goes swimming. He swore that, come what may, he would never let her know what he was doing for her sake. Marija made up her mind, come what might, she would stay there, The moon is a moon stillm whe

30、ther it shines or not. Whether we go or whether we stay, the result is the same. Granted that he has enough money to buy the house, it doesnt mean hes going to do so. 引导方式状语从句的连词1）引导方式状语从句的连词主要有as, like, as if, as though, however:As: You ought to do as I tell you. When at Rome, do as the Romans do.

31、Shelley, as we had seen, had met her through his uncle. As expected, the afforestation movement rapidly spread.Like: She cant draw like her sister can. Do it like I tell you. She behaves like she owns the place. It looks like Ill be late today.As if: She looked a bit queer, as if she knew something.

32、 I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. He paused as if expecting her to speak. He glanced about as if in search of something.As though: We felt as though we had witnessed the whole thing. I remember it vividly as though it were tonight. He shivered as though with cold. When she had

33、 finished she waited as though for a reply.However: Arrange your hours however you like. You may use it however you like. In ones own home one can act however he wishes.2）the way也常可引导方式状语从句： He doesnt speak the way I do. I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them. 引导地点状语从句的连词1）引导地点

34、状语从句的连词有where, wherever, everywhere:Where: Ill drive you where youre going. Please keep sitting where you are. Im quite comfortable where I am. Put in an article where necessary.Wherever: Wherever he goes, theres always a spy hanging about. Wherever he is hell be thinking of you. Well go wherever yo

35、u say. Avoid structure of this kind wherever possible.Everywhere: Everywhere they appeared there were ovations. Everywhere he went, he was introduced as the current United States champion.2）no matter where也可引导地点状语： No matter where you now are in writing, you can improve with practice. Keep your mobi

36、le phone with you no matter where you are. 引导比较状语从句的连词1）引导比较状语从句的连词是than和as：than: You sing better than I do. There were more casualties than was reported. It was more expensive than I thought. They work harder than we do.As: You know as much about that as I do. I havent done as much as I should have

37、 liked. Theyre as firm as one could expect. Martin was as impatient as he was stubborn. Thats not so simple as it sounds.2）这类从句常有词省略，只剩下单词或词组： They are wiser than us. It is even colder than yesterday. He was more lucky than clever. Hard beds are healthier than soft ones. This is more amusing than sitting in an office. He was almost as well off as myself. She doesnt work as hard as you. He can run as fast as 20 miles an hour. Those trees can be as big as 2