英美文学选读考点中英文对照大串联从美国文学开始 一 - 复制

1、英美文学选读考点中英文对照大串联 从美国文学开始美文学这门科目庞大之极，堪称英语本科自考之最。自己一个人看那么厚的一本书，不用说能不能看下来，能记住多少实在不好说！ 我在复习的时候，总结了一些规律，与大家分享，望对你有用，帮你顺利通过！ 1.题型分析： 一般来讲，肯定是这种类型：a.单项选择题（40道，40分） b.引文简析（无非就是问问作者是谁，出自哪个作品，主题意象什么的，4道，16分）c.简答题（4道，24分）d.论述题（无非就是分析加读后感，20分） 经验：你应该可以看出来了，重点当然是单选了，分数大，又好得分，实在不行还可以蒙。建议尽可能把书看一遍，但不要看作者生平，那肯定不会考。有

2、个印象就可以了，不用去背，如果你汉语文学功底好，可以省去不少时间。 2.比例分析 据本人统计，历年来英美文学的国考试卷中英国文学占52%，美国文学占48%。（2003年4月例外，其中英国部分58%）其中，可以看出 单选题：前22题肯定为英国部分，其余为美国部分。 大题部分：基本上是一人一半，各占50% 经验：书上共652页，英国411页，美国241页。英国作家共38位，美国15位。其中，美国部分中，诗歌作品也比较少，比较好确认。结论：死学美国，顺带英国。 3.内容分析 历年命题的趋势逐渐由课文内容向选读作品转移，选读的比重越来越大。 经验：课文内容作到大体了解，但要特别重视作家艺术特色。选读部

3、分加大力度，多注意书上的注释及选文大意和某些细节，尽量作到能用英语复述。实在不行，也至少作到能用汉语复述。 4.真题解析及预测 自学考试的一大特点就是重复率高，所以历年试题是必备的复习材料，不可缺少。有人说：“一套真题等于3套模拟题！”这话绝对没错。所以要花大力气在上面。记得我考那回就有一道10分大题和前一年的一模一样。 注：马克吐温的哈克贝里费恩历险记的分析在20002002年中，连续考了三次。 经验：注意历年真题，尤其是去年的。去年的10分大题大致如下： a.傲慢与偏见中的三种婚姻 b.白鲸选文作品复述几分析象征意义。既然死学美国，顺带英国。那我们就从美国文学开始总结，每日更新。预计月底前

4、完成美国文学部分。American LiteratureChapter one The romantic period浪漫主义时期（一）浪漫主义时期概述1.识记：（1）时期界定：From the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irvings The Sketch Book and ended with Whitmans Leaves of Grass. It is also called “the American R

5、enaissance”.浪漫主义时期开始于十八世纪末，到内战爆发为止，华盛顿.欧文出版的见闻札记标志着美国文学的开端，惠特曼的草叶集是浪漫主义时期文学的压卷之作。（也可称为“美国的文艺复兴”）（2）历史文化背景Its social historical and cultural background：The development of the American society nurtured "the literature of a great nation." America was flourishing into a politically， economical

6、ly and culturally independent country. Historically， it was the time of westward expansion in America economically， the whole nation was experiencing an industrial transformation. Politically， democracy and equa1ity became the ideal of the new nation， and the two-party system came into being. Worthy

7、 of mention is the literary and cultural life of the country. With the founding of the American Independent Government， the nation felt an urge to have its own literary expression， to make known its new experience that other nations did not have： the early Puritan settlement， the confrontation with

8、the Indians， the frontiersmen's life， and the wild west. Besides， the nations literary milieu was ready for the Romantic movement as we11. Thus， with a strong sense of optimism， a spectacular outburst of romantic feeling was brought about in the first ha1f of the 19th century. 美国社会的发展哺育了“一个巨大的文学

9、国家”。美国在政治上，经济上和文化上方面成长为一个独立的国家。这一时期也是美国历史上西部扩张时期，整个国家经历着工业的变革。政治上,民主与平等成为这个年轻国家的理想,产生了两党制。值得一提的是这个国家的文学和文化生活。随着独立的美国政府的成立,美国人民已感到需要有美国文学,表达美国人民所特有的经历：早期清教徒的殖民,与印第安人的遭遇,边疆开发者的生活以及西部荒原等。此外，这个年轻国家的文学富有想象，也已为浪漫主义运动作好了准备。形成了十九世纪上半叶蓬勃的浪漫主义的文学思潮。2.领会：浪漫主义时期美国文学的特点。In most of the American writings in the pe

10、riod there was a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature, which included a liking for the picturesque, the exotic, the sensuous, the sensational, and the supernatural. The Americans also placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions and displayed an

11、 increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. Heroes and heroines exhibited extremes of sensitivity and excitement. The strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man was almost a national religion in American. Writers like Freneau, Bryant, and Cooper showed a great in

12、terest in external nature in their respective works. The literary use of the more colorful aspects of the past was also to be found in Freneau's use of the "ruins of empire" theme, in Bryant's fascination by the Mound Builders, in Irving's effort to exploit the legends of the H

13、udson River region, American Romanticism is, in a certain way, derivative. Although foreign influences were strong, the great works that demonstrate what American Romantic writings were are typically American. The revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the nativ

14、e lands. 这一时期大多数美国文学作品中,普遍强调文学的想象力和情感因素,注重生动的描写、异国情调的表达、感官的体会和对超自然力的描述。美国作家特别注意感情的自由表达和人物的心理描写。作品中的主人公富有敏感激动的特质。注重表现个人和普通人是这一时期作品的强烈倾向,几乎成了美国的信仰。富雷诺、布雷思特和库柏等人的作品对客观自然的描写有强烈的兴趣。富雷诺在"帝国的废墟"主题中对过去情景的描写绘声绘色,布雷恩特对北美五大湖区的史前印第安人描述引人入胜,欧文对哈德逊河传说的巧加利用炉火纯青,库柏的长篇历史小说深入细致。总的来说,美国浪漫主义时期的文学上接英国文学传统,下开美国

15、文学之风。 虽然美国文学受到外国文学的影响,但这一时期著名的文学作品表现的却是富有美国色彩的浪漫主义思想。（二）该时期的主要作家NameWritingsCN WritingsWashington Irving华盛顿.欧文1782-1859The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. The Legend of Sleepy HollowRip Van Winkle见闻札记 睡谷传奇 瑞普.凡.温克尔Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫.瓦尔多.爱默生1803-1882Nature The American ScholarSelf-RelianceT

16、he Over-soul论自然 论美国学者论自助论超灵Nathaniel Hawthorne纳萨尼尔.霍桑1804-1864The Scarlet LetterThe House of the Seven GablesYoung Goodman Brown红字七个尖角阁的房子年轻人古德蒙.布朗Walt Whitman华尔特.惠特曼1819-1892Leaves of GrassDemocratic VistasThere Was a Child Went ForthCavalry Crossing a FordSong of Myself草叶集名主展望有个天天向前走的孩子骑兵过河自我之歌Her

17、man Melville赫尔曼.麦尔维尔1819-1891Bartleby, The Confidence ManBilly BuddMoby Dick巴特尔比自信者比利.巴德莫比.迪克（白鲸）Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文He is regarded as Father of the American short stories.他是美国浪漫主义文学代表作家之一,美国短篇小说之父。With the publication of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Irving won a measure of international f

18、ame on both sides of the Atlantic.欧文出版了见闻札记，该书为欧文获得了欧美两大洲的国际荣誉。Irvings relationship with The Old World in terms of his literary imagination can hardly be ignored considering his success both abroad and at home.欧文的文学成就赢得国内外的声誉是与他利用欧洲文学传统分不开的。A History of New York-He parodies or imitates Homer.纽约史在多方面

19、模仿了荷马。Washington Irving has always been regarded as a writer who “perfected the best classic style that American literature ever produced”.欧文是完善了“美国古典文学主义风格”的作家。Like the two famous personae he created, Diedrich Knickerbocker and Geoffrey Crayon, Irving remained a conservative and always exalted a di

20、sappearing past.他所创造的两个人物Diedrich Knickerbocker和Geoffrey Crayon和他一样，都停留在对过去的事情的津津乐道上。 We hear rather than read, for there is musicality in almost every line of his prose. We seldom learn a moral lesson because he wants us amused and relaxed.特色：他的作品行文优美流畅，犹如音乐。他的作品寓教于乐，给人以轻松安逸之感，如入梦境。He is worth the

21、honor of being “the American Goldsmith” for his literary craftsmanship.在创作艺术方面他堪称是“美国的金匠”。“Rip van winkle”Here, Irvings pervasive theme of nostalgia for the unrecoverable past is at once made unforgettable.“瑞普.凡.温克尔”-欧文在此表达了对一去不复返的东西十分依恋，笔触生动，令人难忘。 故事梗概：选读前的斜体字 The story of Rip Van Winkle: Rip, an i

22、ndolent懒惰的 good-natured Dutch-American, lives with his shrewish泼妇似的，爱骂人的；刻薄的 wife in a village on the Hudson during the years before the Revolution. One day while hunting in the Catskills with his dog Wolf, he meets a dwarflike侏儒 stranger dressed in the ancient Dutch fashion. He helps him to carry a

23、 keg小桶, and with him joins a party silently playing a game of ninepins九柱戏或其木柱. After drinking of the liquor酒精饮料they provide, Rip falls into a sleep which lasts 20 years, during which the Revolutionary War takes place. He awakes as an old man and returns to his home village that has greatly altered改变

24、. Upon entering the village, he is greeted by his old dog, which dies of the excitement and then learns that his wife has long been dead. Rip is almost forgotten but he goes to live with his daughter, now the mother of a family, and is soon befriended with his generosity 宽大and cheerfulness. This exc

25、erpt below is taken from the story, describing for us Rip's difficulties at home, which he often escapes by going to the local inn to spend his time with his friends and sometimes by going hunting in the woods with his dog, and then focusing on Rip's return from his 20 years' sleep to hi

26、s greatly altered home village. Here, Irving's pervasive普遍深入的 theme of nostalgia怀旧之情 for the unrecoverable无法挽回的 past is at once made unforgettable. 主题The theme: Irving's taste was essentially conservative保守 and always exalted a disappearing past. This social conservatism保守主义 and literary pre

27、ference for the past is revealed显示, to some extent, in his famous story "Rip Van Winkle." The story is a tale remembered mostly for Rip's 20-year sleep, set against the background of the inevitably不可避免 changing America. Rip went to sleep before the War of Independence and woke up after

28、 it. The change that had occurred in the 20 years he slept was to him not always for the better. The revolution upset 颠覆,the natural order of things. In the story Irving skillfully presents to us parallel对比 just appositions of two totally different worlds before and after Rip's 20 years' sle

29、ep. By moving Rip back and forth from a noisy world with his wife on the farm to a wild but peaceful natural world in the mountains, and from a pre-Revolution village to a George Washington era, lrving describes Rip's response and reaction in a dramatic way, so that we see clearly both the narra

30、tor讲述者 and Irving agree on the prefer ability 更好的of the past to the present, and the prefer ability of a dream-like world to the real one. Irving never seemed to accept a modern democratic民主 America. 作家特点The artistic features: "Rip Van Winkle" is not only well-known for Rip's 20-year s

31、leep but also considered a model 典范of perfect English in American Literature and in the English language as well. Washington Irving has always been regarded as a writer who "perfected the best classic style that American Literature ever produced." He has a clear, easy style. (a We get a strong sense impression as we read him along, since th