英语：Unit4Grammar课件(重庆大学必修2)

1、Grammarifi庆无学迈高一（习Unit 4The passive Voice (2)Studying the ruleRead the following sentences, paying attention to the colored parts1) The 30th Olympic Games will be held in London in 2012 2) Maryas electronic dictionary must have been stolen3) George Bush was elected the President of USA in 1988.4) Th

2、e wounded are being sent to the hospital 5) The debt has been paid off.；:Finding the ruleFrom above sentences, you may find that the passive voice can be used in various tenses and with modal verbsFill in the following tables and you will have a clearer idea of the passive voice.Tie«MSubjectVre

3、rb *to be"Past participleSimple PresentThe housebuilt.The housesarePrcsjcnt ContinuousThe houseis beingbuiltThe housesarc beingPresent PerfectThe househas beenbuiltThe houseshave beenSimple PasiThe housewasbuiltThe houseswerePast ContinuousThe housewas beingbuilt.The houseswere beingPast Perfec

4、tThe househad beenbuiltThe houseshad beenFutureTlie housewill bebuilt.The houseswill beFuture PerfectThe house、will have been built.The houseswill have beenFill in the following blanks and you will have a clearer idea of the passive voice.Nobody can foretell the future.The future m he fnretnlH by no

5、body.They say that a fuel explosion may have caused the crash.The crash 耳1沖 hnve been caused by afuel explosion.Katess company might give her a new office Kate might be given a new of伍ce by her compan yStudents should memorize English verbs -Enlish verbs should be memorized by 5 students She ought t

6、o look after her children better. -Her children ought to be looked after by her.Change the following sentences intopassive forms 1) The school doesift allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.2) The student didift forget hi

7、s lessons easily.His lessons weren't easily forgotten by the students3) The manager said they would have completed the project by the end of the year The manager said the project would havebeen completed by the end of the year.4) The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are bei

8、ng broadcast by the radio.5) This time last year we were planting trees hereThis time last year trees were being planted by us here.使用被动语态的几种情况：一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法 说出动作的执行者时。e.g. Football is played all over the world.二、不易找到或者就根本不可能找到动作 的执行者时候。e.g. My bike was stolen三、汉语中含有“据说” “据悉” “有人 说” “大家说”等时。eg

9、it was reported that his mother died of SARS.It is well known that.众所周知It is supposed that.据推测说四、汉语中含有“被” “由”等词时。e.g. Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao.五、某些句子习惯上有被动语态。e.g. He was born in October, 1989.六、表示礼貌时。e.g. You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8:00 p.m. tomorrow.»不用

10、被动语态的情况1及物动词作不及物用+副词(hardly, easily，badly, nicely, well, smoothly )等时。 常用动词有act，add, bend, close, lock，cut, begin, move, open, read, sell, teach, translate, wash, wear, write等,主语往往 是物而不是人。e.g. The pen write well.Wood burns easily.2.不用被动语态的动词及词组。Come about, occur, break out, belong to, happen, consis

11、t of, succeed, fail, add up to, take place, come into being, cost, set sail for, take part in，give out, come true, lose heart, play a part in3系动词无被动语态：appear, be become, fall, feel，get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound,stay, taste, turne>ge It sounds good.4带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相 互代词，不能用于被动

12、语态：die, death,dream, live, life。e各 She dreamed a bad dream last night.5当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语oeg（对）She likes to swim.（错）To swim is liked by her.»被动语态的特殊结构1.感官动词或某些使役动词使用省略to的 动词不定式，主动语态中不带to,但变 为被动语态时须加上to。e.g. The little boy was made to do a difficult job.He was seen to enter the classroom2些动词短语用于被动

13、语态时，动词短 语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中 的介词或副词。e>ge The child was taken care of by his grandmothere3完成进行时和将来进行时都不存在被动语态，如确需使用被动形式则用完成时 态或一般时态代替。如：We have been talking about the matter for an hour.The matter has been talked about for an hour.We will be talking about the matter this eveningThe matter will be tal

14、ked about this evening.一些常见的不能变为被动语态的动宾词组: catch a cold 感冒 eat one，s words 食言铺床for为lose heart丧失信心 lose patience失去耐心 make a face 做鬼脸 make up one9s mind 下决心 make bed腾出地方make room keep watch 守望take place 发生take one，s time从容不迫,take office 就职take one9s leave请假keep silence保持安静 speak one，s mind表明见解别着急take

15、notes作笔记take up arms拿起武器 take one，s place 就位巩固练习:1.the workby Lilyor by Tom? Tell me the truth, please.A. Has; finishedB Has; being finished C. Is; finishedI Has; been finished2. the sports meet might beput off.Yes, it all depends on the weather. $ Fve been toldB I，ve toldC. rm told3 The filmD. I to

16、ldin this cinemanow Why doif t you go in and see it?A. is showing . is being shownC is shown D shows4. In our school, library booksintwo weeks A. is returned B must returnC will return辛 must be returned5. The riverby industrial wastes.A. have poisonedB have been poisonedC has poisonedhas been poison

17、ed嘀考链接V1. （09北京,27） The way the guests in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the serviceA. treatedB were treatedC. would treat D. would be treated 【答案】B【解析】考查时态和语态的用法。The guests与treat之间是被动的关系，并且 动作已经发生，所以用一般过去时的 被动形式。2（2009福建，22）Why does the Lake smell terrible? Because large quantities of wat

18、er _ A. have pollutedB is being pollutedC. has been pollutedD. have been polluted【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态，语态和主谓语 一致。根据前一分句可知所填动词表 示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响 ,时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是 被动关系，用被动语态。主语是large quantities of water,其中心词是 quantities,是复数，谓语动词用复数3（2008全国I）The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold frontto arrive.A is expected B is expectingC. expects D.