流体力学词汇大全

1、流体力学词汇大全流体动力学fluid dynamics 连续介质力学mechanics of continuous media 介质medium 流体质点fluid particle（质点，粒子）无粘性流体nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid 连续介质假设continuous medium hypothesis 流体运动学fluid kinematics水静力学hydrostatics 支配方程governing equation 伯努利方程Bernoulli equation 伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem 毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savart l

2、aw欧拉方程Euler equation il亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtz theorem 开尔文定理Kelvin theorem 涡片vortex sheet 库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowskicondition 布拉休斯解Blasius solution 达朗贝尔佯廖dAlembert paradox 雷诺数Reynolds number 施特鲁哈尔数Strouhal number 随体导数material derivativedrvtv; drvtv不可压缩流体incompressible fluid 质量守恒conservation of mass 动量守恒cons

3、ervation of momentum能量守恒conservation of energy 动量方程momentum equation 能量方程energy equation 控制体积control volume 液体静压hydrostatic pressure 涡量拟能enstrophy 压差differential pressure 流动 flow 流线stream line 流面stream surface 流管stream tube 迹线path, path line 流场flow field 流态flow regime （状态）流动参量flow parameter præ

4、;mt(r); præmt流量flow rate, flow discharge 涡旋vortex 涡量vorticity 涡丝vortex filament 涡线vortex line 涡面vortex surface 涡层vortex layer 涡环vortex ring 涡对vortex pair 涡管vortex tube 涡街vortex street 卡门涡街Karman vortex street 马蹄涡horseshoe vortex 对流涡胞convective cell 卷筒涡胞roll cell 涡eddy涡粘性eddy viscosityviscosity

5、 | vskst /-ks-环流circulation 环量circulation 速度环量velocity circulationvlst; vlst偶极子doublet, dipole 驻点stagnation point 总压力 total pressure 总压头total head 静压头static head 总焓total enthalpy 能量输运energy transport 速度剖面velocity profile prufal; profal （侧面，轮廓）库埃特流Couette flow 单相流single phase flow 单组份流single-componen

6、t flow 均匀流uniform flow 非均匀流nonuniform flow 二维流two-dimensional flow 三维流three-dimensional flow 准定常流quasi-steady flowquasiquasi | kweza ,sa /kwzadj.类似的; 半的; 外表的; 准的非定常流unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流transient flow trænznt; US trænnt; trænnt周期流periodic flow 振荡流oscillatory flow oscil

7、latory | sletr /s分层流stratified flow stratified | strætfad无旋流irrotational flow 有旋流rotational flowrtenl轴对称流axisymmetric flowsmetrk不可压缩性incompressibility 不可压缩流动 incompressible flow 浮体floating body -定倾中心metacenter 阻力drag, resistance 减阻drag reduction 表面力surface force 表面张力surface tension 毛细管作用capill

8、arity 来流incoming flow 自由流free stream 自由流线free stream line 外流external flow 进口entrance, inlet 出口exit, outlet 扰动disturbance, perturbation 分布distribution 传播propagation 色散dispersion 弥散dispersion 附加质量added mass ,associated mass 收缩contraction 镜象法image method 无量纲参数dimensionless parameter 几何相似geometric simil

9、arity 运动相似kinematic similarity 动力相似性 dynamic similarity 平面流plane flow 势potential 势流potential flow 速度势velocity potential 复势complex potential 复速度complex velocity 流函数stream function 源source 汇sink 速度水头velocity head 拐角流corner flow 空泡流cavity flow 超空泡supercavity 超空泡流supercavity flow 空气动力学aerodynamics 低速空气动

10、力学low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学high-speed aerodynamics 气动热力学aerothermodynamics 亚声速流动 subsonic flow 跨声速流动 transonic flow 超声速流动 supersonic flow 锥形流conical flow 楔流wedge flow 叶栅流cascade flow 非平衡流动 non-equilibrium flow 细长体slender body 细长度slenderness 钝头体bluff body 钝体blunt body 翼型airfoil 翼弦chord 薄翼理论thin-

11、airfoil theory 构型configuration 后缘trailing edge 迎角angle of attack 失速stall 脱体激波detached shock wave 波阻wave drag 诱导阻力induced drag 诱导速度induced velocity 临界雷诺数critical Reynolds number 前缘涡leading edge vortex 附着涡bound vortex 约束涡confined vortex 气动中心aerodynamic center 气动力aerodynamic force 气动噪声aerodynamic noise

12、 气动加热aerodynamic heating 离解dissociation 地面效应ground effect 气体动力学gas dynamics 稀疏波rarefaction wave 热状态方程thermal equation of state 喷管Nozzle 普朗特-迈耶流 Prandtl-Meyer flow瑞利流Rayleigh flow 可压缩流动 compressible flow 可压缩流体compressible fluid 绝热流adiabatic flow 非绝热流diabatic flow 未扰动流undisturbed flow 等熵流isentropic fl

13、ow 匀熵流homoentropic flow 兰金-于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniot condition状态方程equation of state 量热状态方程caloric equation of state 完全气体perfect gas 拉瓦尔喷管Laval nozzle 马赫角Mach angle 马赫锥Mach cone 马赫线Mach line 马赫数Mach number 马赫波Mach wave 当地马赫数local Mach number 冲击波shock wave 激波shock wave 正激波normal shock wave 斜激波oblique sho

14、ck wave 头波bow wave 附体激波attached shock wave 激波阵面shock front 激波层shock layer 压缩波compression wave 反射reflection 折射refraction 散射scattering 衍射diffraction 绕射diffraction 出口压力exit pressure 超压强 over pressure 反压back pressure 爆炸explosion 爆轰detonation 缓燃deflagration 水动力学hydrodynamics 液体动力学hydrodynamics 泰勒不稳定性Tayl

15、or instability 盖斯特纳波Gerstner wave 斯托克斯波Stokes wave 瑞利数Rayleigh number 自由面free surface 波速wave speed, wave velocity 波高wave height 波列wave train 波群wave group 波能wave energy 表面波surface wave 表面张力波capillary wave 规则波regular wave 不规则波irregular wave 浅水波shallow water wave 深水波deep water wave 重力波gravity wave 椭圆余弦

16、波cnoidal wave 潮波tidal wave 涌波surge wave 破碎波breaking wave 船波ship wave 非线性波nonlinear wave 孤立子soliton 水动力噪声hydrodynamic noise 水击water hammer 空化cavitation 空化数cavitation number 空蚀cavitation damage超空化流supercavitating flow 水翼hydrofoil 水力学hydraulics 洪水波flood wave 涟漪ripple 消能energy dissipation 海洋水动力学marine h

17、ydrodynamics 谢齐公式Chezy formula 欧拉数Euler number 弗劳德数Froude number 水力半径hydraulic radius 水力坡度hvdraulic slope 高度水头elevating head 水头损失head loss 水位water level 水跃hydraulic jump 含水层aquifer 排水drainage 排放量discharge 壅水曲线back water curve 压强水头pressure head 过水断面flow cross-section 明槽流open channel flow 孔流orifice fl

18、ow 无压流free surface flow 有压流pressure flow 缓流subcritical flow 急流supercritical flow 渐变流gradually varied flow 急变流rapidly varied flow 临界流critical flow 异重流density current, gravity flow 堰流weir flow 掺气流aerated flow 含沙流sediment-laden stream 降水曲线dropdown curve 沉积物sediment, deposit 沉降堆积sedimentation, depositio

19、n 沉降速度settling velocity 流动稳定性flow stability 不稳定性instability 奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation涡量方程vorticity equation 泊肃叶流Poiseuille flow 奥辛流Oseen flow 剪切流shear flow 粘性流动 viscous flow 层流laminar flow 分离流separated flow 二次流secondary flow 近场流near field flow 远场流far field flow 滞止流stagnation flow 尾流wake flow 回

20、流back flow 反流reverse flow 射流jet 自由射流free jet 管流pipe flow, tube flow 内流internal flow 拟序结构coherent structure 猝发过程bursting process 表观粘度apparent viscosity 运动粘性kinematic viscosity 动力粘性dynamic viscosity 泊poise 厘泊centipoise 厘沱centistoke 剪切层shear layer 次层sublayer 流动分离flow separation 层流分离laminar separation 湍

21、流分离turbulent separation 分离点separation point附着点attachment point 再附reattachment 再层流化relaminarization 起动涡starting vortex 驻涡standing vortex 涡旋破碎vortex breakdown 涡旋脱落vortex shedding 压力降pressure drop 压差阻力pressure drag 压力能pressure energy 型阻profile drag 滑移速度slip velocity 无滑移条件non-slip condition 壁剪应力skin fri

22、ction, frictional drag 壁剪切速度friction velocity 磨擦损失friction loss 磨擦因子friction factor 耗散dissipation 滞后lag 相似性解similar solution 局域相似local similarity 气体润滑gas lubrication 液体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication 浆体slurry 泰勒数Taylor number 纳维-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokes equation牛顿流体Newtonian fluid 边界层理论boundary later theory

23、 边界层方程boundary layer equation 边界层boundary layer 附面层boundary layer 层流边界层laminar boundary layer 湍流边界层turbulent boundary layer 温度边界层thermal boundary layer 边界层转捩boundary layer transition 边界层分离boundary layer separation 边界层厚度boundary layer thickness 位移厚度displacement thickness 动量厚度momentum thickness 能量厚度en

24、ergy thickness 焓厚度enthalpy thickness 注入injection 吸出suction 泰勒涡Taylor vortex 速度亏损律velocity defect law 形状因子shape factor 测速法anemometry 粘度测定法viscosi metry 流动显示flow visualization 油烟显示oil smoke visualization 孔板流量计orifice meter 频率响应frequency response 油膜显示oil film visualization 阴影法shadow method 纹影法schlieren

25、 method 烟丝法smoke wire method 丝线法tuft method 氢泡法nydrogen bubble method 相似理论similarity theory 相似律similarity law 部分相似partial similarity 定理pi theorem, Buckingham theorem 静态校准static calibration 动态校准dynamic calibration 风洞wind tunnel 激波管shock tube 激波管风洞shock tube wind tunnel 水洞water tunnel 拖曳水池towing tank

26、旋臂水池rotating arm basin 扩散段diffuser 测压孔pressure tap 皮托管pitot tube 普雷斯顿管preston tube 斯坦顿管Stanton tube 文丘里管Venturi tube U形管U-tube 压强计manometer 微压计micromanometer 多管压强计multiple manometer 静压管static pressuretube 流速计anemometer 风速管Pitot- static tube 激光多普勒测速计laser Doppler anemometer, laser Doppler velocimeter

27、 热线流速计hot-wire anemometer 热膜流速计hot- film anemometer 流量计flow meter 粘度计viscosi meter 涡量计vorticity meter 传感器transducer, sensor 压强传感器pressure transducer 热敏电阻thermistor 示踪物tracer 时间线time line 脉线streak line 尺度效应scale effect 壁效应wall effect 堵塞blockage 堵寒效应blockage effect 动态响应dynamic response 响应频率response fr

28、equency 底压base pressure 菲克定律Fick law 巴塞特力Basset force 埃克特数Eckert number 格拉斯霍夫数Grashof number 努塞特数Nusselt number 普朗特数prandtl number 雷诺比拟Reynolds analogy 施密特数schmidt number 斯坦顿数Stanton number 对流convection 自由对流natural convection, freeconvec-tion 强迫对流forced convection 热对流heat convection 质量传递mass transfe

29、r 传质系数mass transfer coefficient 热量传递heat transfer 传热系数heat transfer coefficient 对流传热convective heat transfer 辐射传热radiative heat transfer 动量交换momentum transfer 能量传递energy transfer 传导conduction 热传导conductive heat transfer 热交换heat exchange 临界热通量critical heat flux 浓度concentration 扩散diffusion 扩散性diffusiv

30、ity 扩散率diffusivity 扩散速度diffusion velocity 分子扩散molecular diffusion 沸腾boiling 蒸发evaporation 气化gasification 凝结condensation 成核nucleation 计算流体力学computational fluid mechanics 多重尺度问题multiple scale problem 伯格斯方程Burgers equation 对流扩散方程convection diffusion equation KDU方程KDV equation 修正微分方程modified differentia

31、lequation 拉克斯等价定理Lax equivalence theorem数值模拟numerical simulation 大涡模拟large eddy simulation 数值粘性numerical viscosity 非线性不稳定性nonlinear instability希尔特稳定性分析Hirt stability analysis相容条件consistency condition CFL条件Courant- Friedrichs- Lewycondition ,CFL condition 狄里克雷边界条件Dirichlet boundarycondition 熵条件entrop

32、y condition 远场边界条件far field boundary condition 流入边界条件inflow boundary condition 无反射边界条件nonreflecting boundary condition 数值边界条件numerical boundary condition流出边界条件outflow boundary condition 冯.诺伊曼条件von Neumann condition近似因子分解法approximate factorization method 人工压缩artificial compression 人工粘性artificial visc

33、osity 边界元法boundary element method 配置方法collocation method 能量法energy method 有限体积法finite volume method 流体网格法fluid in cell method,FLIC method 通量校正传输法flux-corrected transport method 通量矢量分解法flux vector splitting method 伽辽金法Galerkin method 积分方法integral method 标记网格法marker and cell method, MAC method 特征线法met

34、hod of characteristics 直线法method of lines 矩量法moment method 多重网格法multi- grid method 板块法panel method 质点网格法particle in cell method,PIC method 质点法particle method 预估校正法predictor-corrector method 投影法projection method 准谱法pseudo-spectral method 随机选取法random choice method 激波捕捉法shock-capturing method 激波拟合法shoc

35、k-fitting method 谱方法spectral method 稀疏矩阵分解法split coefficient matrix method 不定常法time-dependent method 时间分步法time splitting method 变分法variational method 涡方法vortex method 隐格式implicit scheme 显格式explicit scheme 交替方向隐格式alternating direction implicit scheme, ADIscheme 反扩散差分格式anti-diffusion difference scheme 紧差分格式compact difference scheme 守恒差分格式conservation differencescheme