中英译本及多种解析

1、Cat in the rainThere were only two Americans stopping at the hotel. They did not know any of the people they passed on the stairs on their way to and from their room. Their room was on the second floor facing the sea. It also faced the public garden and the war monument. There were big palms and gre

2、en benches in the public garden. In the good weather there was always an artist with his easel. Artists liked the way the palms grew and the bright colors of the hotels facing the gardens and the sea. Italians came from a long way off to look up at the war monument. It was made of bronze and glisten

3、ed in the rain. It was raining. The rain dripped from the palm trees. Water stood in pools on the gravel paths. The sea broke in a long line in the rain and slipped back down the beach to come up and break again in a long line in the rain. The motor cars were gone from the square by the war monument

4、. Across the square in the doorway of the cafe a waiter stood looking out at the empty square. 呆在旅馆里的只有两个美国人。他们进出房间时，在楼梯上碰见的人，一个也不认识。他们的房间在二楼，面对着海，也面对着公园和战争纪念碑。公园里有棕榈树和绿长凳。天好时总有个艺术家带着画架来。艺术家们喜欢棕榈树的长势和面向公园与海的旅馆的明快的色彩。意大利人老远地跑来看那战争纪念碑。碑是用铜做的，在雨中闪闪发亮。天正下着雨。雨水从棕榈树上滴下来。砾石路上积水成池。海水在雨中突然变成一条长线，从沙滩下去又涌上来，在雨

5、中又化成一条长线。汽车从战争纪念碑边上的广场开过去广场对面的咖啡店门口站着一个侍者，他正望着外面空荡荡的广场。 The American wife stood at the window looking out. Outside right under their window a cat was crouched under one of the dripping green tables. The cat was trying to make herself so compact that she would not be dripped on. 'I'm going do

6、wn and get that kitty,' the American wife said. 'I'll do it,' her husband offered from the bed No, I'll get it. The poor kitty out trying to keep dry under a table. The husband went on reading, lying propped up with the two pillows at the foot of the bed. 美国人的妻子站在窗口向外看。他们窗口下面刚好有一

7、只猫蜷伏在一张滴水的绿桌子底下，尽力把自己围的严摊实实的，好不给雨淋着。 “我要下去抓那只小猫”美国人的妻子说。 “我去”她丈夫在床上说。 “不，我去。可怜的小猫想在桌子底下躲雨呢。” 她丈夫继续躺着看书，用两个枕头在床头撑着。 'Don't get wet,' he said. The wife went downstairs and the hotel owner stood up and bowed to her as she passed the office. His desk was at the far end of the office. He was

8、an old man and very tall. 'Il piove,' the wife said. She liked the hotel-keeper. 'Si, si, Signora, brutto tempo. It is very bad weather.' “别淋湿了。” 他妻子下楼去。她走过柜台时，旅馆的老板向她点头哈腰。他的办公桌在柜台远远的一边，他是个老头，个子挺高。 “下雨了！”美国人的妻子说。她喜欢旅馆的老板。 “是的，是的，太太。天气太坏了，太坏了。” He stood behind his desk in the far end

9、of the dim room. The wife liked him. She liked the deadly serious way he received any complaints. She liked his dignity. She liked the way he wanted to serve her. She liked the way he felt about being a hotel- keeper. She liked his old, heavy face and big hands. 他站在那阴暗的房间里远远的一边的办公桌后面。美国人的妻子喜欢他.她喜欢他那

10、种任劳任怨的死板的严肃态度。她喜欢他举止端庄。她喜欢他那乐于为她效劳的模样。她喜欢他那当老板的自以为是的神态。她喜欢他那苍老而厚实的脸孔和一双大手。 Liking him she opened the door and looked out. It was raining harder. A man in a rubber cape was crossing the empty square to the cafe. The cat would be around to the right. Perhaps she could go along under the eaves. As she

11、behind her. It was the maid who looked after their room. 她和他一样开门往外看，雨下得更大了。一个穿着橡胶披风的男人正穿过空荡荡的广场到咖啡店去。猫绕到了右边。也许她能沿着屋檐下面走过去.当她站在门口时，有人从后面给她打开了一把伞。这是照料他们房间的女侍者。 'You must not get wet,' she smiled, speaking Italian. Of course, the hotel-keeper had sent her. With the maid holding the umbrella ove

12、r her, she walked along the gravel path until she was under their window. The table was there, washed bright green in the rain, but the cat was gone. She was suddenly disappointed. The maid looked up at her. 'Ha perduto qualque cosa, Signora?' 'There was a cat,' said the American gir

13、l. 'A cat?' 'Si, il gatto.' 'A cat?' the maid laughed. 'A cat in the rain?' 'Yea,' she said, 'under the table.' Then, 'Oh, I wanted it so much. I wanted a kitty.' When she talked English the maid's face tightened. 'Come, Signora,' s

14、he said. "We must get back inside. You will be wet.' 'I suppose so,' said the American girl. They went back along the gravel path and passed in the door. The maid stayed outside to close the umbrella. “您千万别搞潮了。”她微笑着，讲的是意大利语。不用说，是老板派她来的。 女侍者给她打着伞，她沿着砾石路走到他们窗子下面。桌子在那里给雨水冲洗得绿闪闪的，可是猫不见了

15、。她突然很失望。女侍者望着她。 “找什么，太太？” “刚才有只猫。”美国妇女说。 “猫？” “是的，它跑了。” “猫？”女侍者笑了，“雨中的猫？” “不错。”她说，“在桌子底下。”有说：“啊，我太想要它了。我要只小猫。” 她说英语时，女侍者绷着脸。 “来吧，太太”她说：“我们该进去了，否则你要淋湿的。” “我想也是”，美国妇女说。 她们顺着砾石路往回走，进了门，女侍者在门外合了伞。 As the American girl passed the office, the padrone bowed from his desk. Something felt very small and tigh

16、t inside the girl. The padrone made her feel very small and at the same time really important. She had a momentary feeling of being of supreme importance. She went on up the stairs. She opened the door of the room. George was on the bed, reading. 美国妇女走过柜台时，老板从办公桌后面向她点头哈腰，她内心感到这是小事，也是麻烦事。老板使她觉得这事虽小，却

17、也是挺要紧的。她一时感到这太重要了。她走上楼梯，开了放门。乔治正在床上看书。 'Did you get the cat?' he asked, putting the book down. 'It was gone.' "Wonder where it went to,' he said, resting his eyes from reading. She sat down on the bed.'I wanted it so much,' she said. 'I don't know why I wante

18、d it so much. I wanted that poor kitty. It isn't any fun to be a poor kitty out in the rain.' George was reading again. “抓到猫了吗？”他放下书问。 “跑了。” “奇怪，往哪儿跑了？”他目光从书上移开说。 她坐在床上。 “我太想要它了，”她说，“我搞不清干吗这么想要它。我要那只可怜的小猫。让一只可怜的小猫在雨中淋着可不是好玩的。” 乔治又在看书。 She went over and sat in front of the mirror of the dress

19、ing table looking at herself with the handglass. She studied her profile, first one side and then the other. Then she studied the back of her head and her neck. 'Don't you think it would be a good idea if I let my hair grow out?' she asked, looking at her profile again. George looked up

20、and saw the back of her neck clipped close like a boy's. 'I like it the way it is.' 'I get so tired of it,' she said. 'I get so tired of looking like a boy.' George shifted his position in the bed. He hadn't looked away from her since she stared to speak. 'You loo

21、k pretty darn nice,' he said. She laid the mirror down on the dresser and went over to the window and looked out. It was getting dark. 'I want to pull my hair back tight and smooth and make a big knot at the back that I can feel,' she said. ' I want to have a kitty to sit on my lap a

22、nd purr when I stroke her.' 她走过去，坐在梳妆台前面，用手镜照着自己，端详着侧面。先看一边,再看一边，然后细看头部和脖子后面。 “要是让头发长出来，你说好不好？”她问他，又看着侧面。 乔治抬起头来，看见她脖子后面剪得短短的象个男孩。 “我喜欢这个样。” “这个样！我可烦死了。”她说，“象个男孩，我可烦死了。” 乔治在床上挪挪位置。她开始讲话以来，他目光一直不离她。 “你看起来美极了。”他说。 她把镜子放在梳妆台上，走到窗口往外看。天渐渐黑了。 “我要把头发往后梳，又紧又滑，在后面打个大结子，我能感觉到。”她说，“我要只猫坐在我怀里，我摸摸它，它就呜呜的叫。”

23、 'Yeah?' George said from the bed. 'And I want to eat at a table with my own silver and I want candles. And I want it to be spring and I want to brush my hair out in front of a mirror and I want a kitty and I want some new clothes.' 0'Oh, shut up and get something to read,' G

24、eorge said. He was reading again. “是吗？”乔治在床头版头上说。 “我要用自己的银器吃饭，我要蜡烛，我要把它点燃，我要在镜子前面捋头发，我要一只小猫，我要几件新衣裳。” “噢，别说了！找点书看看吧。”乔治说，他又在看书。 His wife was looking out of the window. It was quite dark now and still raining in the palm trees. 'Anyway, I want a cat,' she said, 'I want a cat. I want a cat

25、 now. If I can't have long hair or any fun I can have a cat.' George was not listening. He was reading his book. His wife looked out of the window where the light had come on in the square. Someone knocked at the door. 他的妻子正望着窗外。天很黑了。雨水仍打在棕榈树上。 “不管怎么说，我要一只猫。”她说，“我要一只猫。现在我要一只猫,如果我不能有有长头发或什么好玩

26、的，我能有只猫也好。” 乔治没听到，他看他的书。他妻子望着窗外。广场上的灯开始亮起来。 有人敲门 'Avanti,' George said. He looked up from his book. In the doorway stood the maid. She held a big tortoise-shell cat pressed tight against her and swung down against her body. 'Excuse me,' she said, 'the padrone asked me to bring th

27、is for the Signora.' “进来，”乔治说，他放下书本，抬起头来。 门口站着女侍者。她贴身紧抱着一只龟纹的大花猫。猫从她身上跳下来。“对不起，”她说，“老板叫我把这只猫送给太太” 评论1：The Unconscious Struggle inside the Female - A Close Reading on Hemingways “Cat in the Rain” Talking about the short story, Ernest Hemingway is one must for all readers. Ernest Hemingway is one

28、of the greatest 20th-century American writers who have a tremendous influence on the literature. His “iceberg” technique makes most of his stories meaningful and effective. “Cat in the Rain” is the one of the best. A couple of American stays in an Italian hotel in a rainy day. The wife catches a sig

29、ht of a poor cat crouching under a table from the rain outside. She wants to bring it in. However when she comes to the yard only finds the cat is missing. After returning to the room a maid sends her another cat. Hemingway said:“There is seven-eighths of it underwater for every part that you show.

30、Any thing you know you can eliminate and it only strengthens your iceberg”. With the “iceberg” theory given by Hemingway, it reveals a fact that the design of every scene, character, plot, movement has its implicit meaning. This short story reveals the unconscious struggle in the wifes heart, which

31、is between the pursuit of freedom and independence, and being conditioned with the traditional woman situation. This notion is manifested by the feature of the characters, the conversations, and the reaction of the figure and so on. And the cats, which can be considered the main character, are the m

32、ost impressive ones. The wild cat couching under the table in the heavy rain symbols the freedom and independence which the wife chases subconsciously. In the opposite, the domestic cat, which is sent by the hotel keeper, represents the traditional woman social status or situationbeing protected, su

33、bmissive and tamed. At seeing the wild cat in the rain, a desire of possession arises in the wifes heart, and even she herself cant explain why she wants the cat so much. Such kind of desire reveals the pursuit of freedom and independence of the wife. However, Hemingway didnt give a clear ending tha

34、t whether the wife receive the domestic cat or not. In my point of view, because the wife doesnt realize her inside feeling, her confusion, or rather conflict between freedom and tradition is showed quiet clearly. Besides the cats, the theme disclosed by male figures, the husband and the hotel keepe

35、r in the story can be found through analyzing their attitude to the wife. Concerning the conversations between the wife and the husband, the response of the husband, compared with his wifes emotional and long dialogues, is shorter but stronger. Take the husbands reaction to the wife at the beginning

36、, what he says is, “Ill get it”, “Dont get wet” or “shut up and get something to read”at the final. All of these dialogues are seemed more like an order than a suggestion. As for the hotel keeper, every time the wife passing by him, a feeling of affection arises in the wife. Hemingway devoted severa

37、l sentences to describe the reason why the wife likes the hotel keeper at the first time she passing. She likes the way he received complaints, his dignity, the way he serves her, and so on. And the delight of being serviced is also revealed. The second time she passing, after she finds the cat is m

38、issing: Something felt very small and tight inside the girl. The padrone made her felt very small and at the same time really important. She had a momentary feeling of being of supreme importance. From this, the fact that the protection and respect from the hotel keeper makes her feel superior can b

39、e discovered. The attitudes to the wife of the husband and the hotel keeper are opposite in a way. Through the reactions of these two male characters, the indifference of the husband and the consideration of the hotel keeper are expressed clearly. The consideration is showed in the details that the

40、padrone asks the maid to send the wife an umbrella and a domestic cat, and he gives a bow to her when she passing. However, no matter what kinds of attitudes, one thing which is the same to wife is that she is under the superiority of the male and cannot escape from this kind of restraint. However,

41、in the light of the wife, to be ordered or to be serviced, she is lack of her own independence. Whats more, the husband, the hotel keeper and even the passer-by (who is a man) share one common feature, that it is, superior. The evidence which can prove this notion is the object used by the male figu

42、res. A good illustration is the husband never leaves his bed, the padrone has his own desk, and the passer-by gets a rubber cape. Bed, the most important object in the bedroom, to some degree, represents a kind of superiority, such as a desk in the hotel hall. These two main objects imply the superi

43、ority of the male. And compared the wife and the passer-by, the wife runs out of the hotel without any rain gear, while the passer-by wears in a rubber cape which can protects himself from getting wet.This tiny detail also suggests that female cannot protect herself by her own. Another female figure

44、 in “Cat in the Rain” is the maid. The twice appearances of her are under the order of the hotel keeper. The first time is the hotel keeper sends her to look after the wife, and the second is the hotel keeper sends her to bring the domestic cat to the wife. Hemingway offers the clue distinctly. “Of

45、course, the hotel keeper had sent her”and “She said, the padrone asked me to bring this for the Signora." Such kinds of plots tells us the low status of the maid, and develops the theme effectively once again. The low social status, dominated by male and without self-awareness is revealed. The

46、comparison between male and female, wild cat and domestic cat in “Cat in the Rain”, shows the superiority of male and inferiority of female. Moreover, the unconscious struggle of choosing freedom and independence or the woman traditional situation in the wifes heart is showed as the more important t

47、heme which Hemingway wanted to tell us.评论2：小说描写的是一对美国夫妇在意大利某个海滨小旅馆的一个生活片段，甚至可以说是一个小小的生活细节。文名为雨中之猫 (Cat in the Rain)，在整个作品所提供的生活过程中，“雨”(Rain)和“猫”(Cat)作为一种文化符号贯穿全文。尤其是“猫”，还成为推动情节的一个重要动因。很明显，猫与女人之间有着一种密切的隐喻关系。猫在雨中的境况，恰如女人在这个男权社会中的境况。“雨”具有强大的无所不在的覆盖性、不可阻挡的强制性和力量，象征着男性为中心的男权社会以及强大的男性话语霸权。猫，这动物的选择，带有极大的文化

48、思维空间，在英语词典中，“猫”有尸狠毒的女人”之义，颇具贬义色彩，可见在西方文化中猫有代表女人的含义。猫作为象征男权社会中的女性形象，其特点无非是：寄身于人，漂泊不定，躲避危险，苟且为生，这种生存状态意味着女性在男权社会中被男性所支配、所左右，难于找到自己的位置。“雨中的猫”象征着丧失了主体意识的女性。小说中的猫，它努力蜷缩着身子躲在广场中的一张桌子下面，以免被雨淋湿。猫逃避雨淋暗示着女人逃避传统性别角色的束缚，试图打破男性对女性的成规，社会对女性的定位。猫寻找避雨的地方，即女人在夫权的社会中努力寻找自己的地位、自己的权利、自己的话语。 小说在叙述过程中出现的这两个主要人物，始终没有具体的姓名

49、，只知道他们是一对美国夫妻，这种非具体化的人物显现，也就更加增强了艺术形象的抽象意义。那么，人物存在的具体环境是个什么样子呢?海明威的安排也是匠心独运的，小说指明的只是在意大利，也没有出现任何具体的地点，比如说意大利那么多的名胜古迹，游人如织的地方。这一环境也是被符号化、抽象化了的：海边、棕榈树、纪念碑，构成了自然与历史的聚合，一个人类活动的基本场所。那个生活的小片段就这样展开来。 美国妻子看到窗外“雨中的猫”，产生了一系列强烈愿望：想要保护它，或者拥有它，或者喜爱它，或者可怜它，或者以它寄托自己什么不可言状的情绪总之，这只猫的命运和它所处的境地使她产生一种很深刻的共鸣。从小说中我们可以这样理

50、解这个妻子在家庭中的地位：她温柔贤惠、小鸟依人、听丈夫的话，可是丈夫对她的态度却是男子中心观念支配下的无动于衷。丈夫需要她时，她是存在的；而丈夫不需要她时，她对丈夫来说只是一个“存在之物”。她没有自己的事情，她梳着丈夫喜欢的发型，她感到自己像那只猫一样楚楚可怜，于是对它生出一种难以言状的同情，从深层意义上说，应该是同病相怜。她力图帮助那只猫摆脱被动与恐惧的处境。女主人公的动机起码有两点：一是自恋与自慰，她保护了猫，也就是意识上的自我保护。她通过“救猫”的行为(情感的投射作用)，实现了自救。二是自我力量的显示，她渴望通过保护这只猫来证明自己的作用她可以决定另外一个事物的力量，这是一种英雄主义的感

51、受。她渴望改变自己的处境，改变外表，改变发型，改变自己的地位，改变她与丈夫在家庭中的关系。总之，她要更新自我。 但这改变是困难的。她冒雨出去寻找那只猫，可是猫不见了，于是怅然而归，她没有得到她想要的那只猫。猫或许还在雨中游走，猫的处境没有任何改变，她的所有努力就这么在无形中化为乌有。一只消失在雨中的猫引发和调动了这个女人所有的自我想象、自我表现、自我改变、自我创造的生命潜能。从一只猫想到改变自己，颠覆她面前的生活状态：她告诉丈夫她想把头发留长梳一个自己可以摸得着的发髻，但是丈夫喜欢她，就是“喜欢现在的样子”，根本不需要什么改变。她的语气也有起初的探询“你不以为我留起头发来是一个好主意吗?”(D

52、ont you think it would be a good idea if I 1et my hair grow out?)变成后来一系列的主体意识强烈的祈使句“我想要”(I want)，文本中接连出现了十一个“想要”(want)，表达了妻子强烈的情感愿望和心理诉求，她想要改变发型，她想要一只猫，她想要烛光晚餐，她想要许多新衣服，想要而这些都是她丈夫不曾满足她而又不会立即满足她的。丈夫对她的这些愿望做出的反应却是“闭嘴”(shut up)。丈夫用他的霸权地位来规定妻子的行为。妻子最终也没有“改变”成功，她在家庭中仍然是丈夫的附属品，她仍然没有真正自由的权利，仍然受制于丈夫，她的话语在男性

53、的话语霸权下也显得苍白无力。 但妻子毕竟试图改变过，这种改变的动因源于一只雨中的猫，还因为寻找猫的过程中遇到了旅馆的老板。她走出房间后看到了旅馆的老板，这个意大利老人站在办公桌后向她鞠躬，他让人给她送伞。他表现出了一种尊重、一种关切，这让妻子感受到了自我，让她有了一种“被重视”的感觉：“旅馆老板让她感到一种淡淡的同时又很重要的感觉。”这是她在家中与丈夫相处时所感受不到的。因此，她喜欢这种感觉，于是她就喜欢他： 女士喜欢这个店主。她喜欢他接受任何怨言时那种严肃的风度；她喜欢他的服务礼节；她喜欢他那种良好的职业自豪感。她喜欢他那久经沧桑的脸庞和大手。 她在家庭中的地位，以及丈夫对她的态度，让她在潜

54、意识里有一种背叛的冲动。尤其是当她遇到了尊重她、体贴她的这个旅馆老板一个成熟男性的文化符号，女人的自我意识就暂时得到了回归或建立。最终，还是旅馆老板给她送来了猫。这是一个意味深长的结局，女主人公心中欲求的猫出现了，但小说特别地强调了女仆怀中抱的是“一只龟壳花纹的大猫”(a big tortoiseshell cat)，是不是先前那一只“雨中的猫”?就成了一个悬案。 从这个短篇小说中可以看出，女人在社会、家庭中所处的“第二性”附属地位，而这种地位恰恰是由男人，由这个男权社会赋予她的。正如西蒙，波伏娃在她著名的第二性一书中说的“一个人之为女人，与其说是天生的，不如说是形成的。没有任何生理上、心理上

55、或经济上的定命，能决断女人在社会中的所谓女性”。显然，小说中的妻子的所作所为也是由这个社会传统观念的约束造成的，而不是与生俱来的。 小说中的妻子想要改变，但是丈夫不同意；她想要一只猫，但是得不到。她最终收到了旅馆老板送来的猫，但这不是她想要的那只。尽管她拥有了一只猫，但这仍是男性送给她的。这就是女性的处境，她们很难得到她真正想要的东西，她们很难在社会中找到自己的地位、自己的话语。即使得到了，也只能是男性给予的。女人有改变自己处境的能动性，拯救雨中的小猫是她打破性别角色束缚的途径，也是她所做出的努力。但这能动性总是受到社会、受到男性、受到女性自己的限制，丈夫对她的做法毫不理会、无动于衷，妻子自己

56、的力量又那么有限，而旅馆老板最后送给了她一只猫，这使她所有的努力和希望都成为泡影，旅馆老板成了一个真正的文化约束的象征，他剥夺了这个美国妻子自己去争取冲破束缚的机会，他使她的努力变得毫无价值。所以这种女性在男权社会中试图冲破传统社会性别角色束缚的能动性也就总是难以真正实现。 小说中还通过两次对天气的描写，衬托出了妻子这种抗争是没有结果的。在妻子要改变发型没有得到丈夫同意后，小说写道：“天色越来越暗”，而当妻子接连表达了她的一系列愿望后，丈夫让她“闭嘴”。这时的天色已经完全暗了下来，并且象征男权话语霸权的雨还在一直下(It was quite dark now and still raining

57、 in the palm trees)，暗示着女性对这种话语霸权的不可改变性。女性的合理的呐喊就在这个沉默的世界中被压抑了。 在这部小说中，我们知道丈夫名为乔治，却不知道妻子的名字。这不仅说明了男性对女性的不重视、不在乎，这还是一个命名权的问题，在父权中心文化中，命名权向来属于男性，妇女只有服从和被命名，她们一直处于被支配、被命名的服从地位。名字不仅是一个代号，它体现了一种文化意蕴。在美国黑人女作家艾丽斯·沃克的小说紫色中的阿格尼斯就不断强调自己的名字。这体现了女性独立的人格，体现了女性对父权中心文化的抗争、对男性命名权的抗争。 从这篇小说中可以看出，海明威不是以前人们所认识的具有强

58、烈男性视角的作家，他在小说中也体现了女性的视角，表现出了女性被忽视、被歧视的感受与遭遇。这种情绪在海明威早期的短篇小说中普遍存在着。 表面看，以上的分析或许有那么一点观念化的主观臆断，其实不然。二十年代中期，正是海明威小说创作的试验时期，全力以赴地为将自己造就成一个大作家而努力。同时他在写诗和散文杂记，以期待将小说赋予诗一般的凝练，散文一样的随意。在这些故事里，他极尽斟字酌句、精雕细刻之能事，力图使每一个人物、每一个场景、每一个动作和细节，都产生相应的某种意象、并服务于几种目的，而且给它们一个隐喻式的标题，如：雨中之猫白象般的群山 乞力马扎罗的雪等。 在海明威的这些短篇小说中都可以看出，作家在

59、反映两性关系及对这种关系的处理上，能够抛开男性的个人偏见，超越男性作家的狭隘视野，来观察处于传统性别角色规定下的女性的情感和感受，表达了她们的体验、挫折与渴望，对她们寄予深切的同情。评论3：SummaryOnly two Americans are in the hotel. Their room faces the sea, a public garden, and a war monument. Many Italians come from far away to see the monument. That day, it is raining, and the American wife is looking out the window. She sees a cat under a table that is trying to keep dry. She tells her husband that she is going to get it. He tells her not to get wet. Downstairs, she is greeted by the hotel operator, whose seriousness and willingnes