交换机系统恢复

1、1 交换机无法正常启动的解决办法EX交换机在突然掉电或非正常关机的情况下，设备重新启动后，可能会出现一直卡着启动进程或OS引导失败的场景，本文列出几种常见的模式及解决方法（注：本文档中提到的操作可能出现设备原有配置丢失情况出现，另外，对于通过命令关机时，强烈建议等到所有进程都halt时再对进行掉电操作）。通常，交换机无法正常启动时，通过console输出为：1.系统直接进入Loader模式，Loader Prompt  ( loader >) ；2.系统进入Debug模式，Debug Prompt  (db>) ；3.系统进入UBoot模式，UBoot Prom

2、pt    (=>)；4.系统能正常启动，但各系统进程无法正常加载；5.系统提示Can't load kernel error  ； 2 系统直接进入Loader模式解决办法 方法一 TFTP方式恢复交换机1.准备好TFTP服务器，然后把Junos安装文件上传至TFTP的root目录层次下；2.用console连接交换机，并对设备进行加电； # When you see the "loading /boot/defaults/loader.conf" display hit ENTER. Then press Enter to b

3、oot immediately, or space bar for command prompt.Hit the space bar to enter the manual loader. The loader > prompt displays. (NOTE: There is a 1 second delay for hitting the space bar) (TIPS: you can hit space bar after you see "Loading /boot/defaults/loader.conf" message)3.配置交换机的管理ip地址

4、；4.从TFTP安装Junos;=This part of the boot log is related to the steps listed above=Consoles: U-Boot console  Found compatible API, ver. 7FreeBSD/PowerPC U-Boot bootstrap loader, Revision 2.1(marcelmapg-, Wed Feb  6 11:23:55 PST 2008)Memory: 1024MBLoading /boot/defaults/loader.conf /kernel dat

5、a=0x9dc348+0x6df44 syms=0x4+0x87bb0+0x4+0x8e152Hit Enter to boot immediately, or space bar for command prompt.             <-HIT SPACE BAR-Type '?' for a list of commands, 'help' for more detailed help.loader>     

6、0;  Speed: 100, full duplexPackage /jinstall-ex-9.1R2.7-domestic-signed.tgz is signed./kernel data=0x504104+0x32e60 syms=0x4+0x50a00+0x4+0x6366fKernel entry at 0xa0000100 .GDB: no debug ports presentKDB: debugger backends: ddbKDB: current backend: ddbCopyright (c) 1996-2008, Juniper Networks, I

7、nc.All rights reserved.Copyright (c) 1992-2006 The FreeBSD Project. snip .=或参考KB11752 - Installing EX-Series software from a TFTP server from Loader prompt  OR Recovering from a Failed Software Upgrade on an EX Series Switch. 方法二、USB方式恢复交换机步骤一、将需要安装的Junos软件copy至U盘根目录下；步骤二、用console连接交换机，并对设

8、备进行加电； # When you see the "loading /boot/defaults/loader.conf" display hit ENTER. Then press Enter to boot immediately, or space bar for command prompt.Hit the space bar to enter the manual loader. The loader > prompt displays. (NOTE: There is a 1 second delay for hitting the space bar)

9、 (TIPS: you can hit space bar after you see "Loading /boot/defaults/loader.conf" message)步骤三、输入install     注：交换机将从U盘进行安装；或参考KB10386 - Boot from USB and Recovering from a Failed Software Upgrade on an EX-series Switch OR Booting an EX Series Switch Using a Software Package St

10、ored on a USB Flash Drive3 系统进入Debug模式解决办法步骤一，在db>模式下输入以下命令收集相关信息：db> x/s version     db> alltracedb> psdb> show allvmsdb> show msgbufdb> show registersdb> show lockdb> show uma步骤二，完成以上步骤后，输入contdb> contDo you get the CLI prompt?No - Continue with 步骤三. Ye

11、s - Jump to 步骤四. 步骤三,重启交换机，从loader模式进行恢复；如果交换机无法进入loader模式，请开case进行处理或采用install format方式解决；步骤四，在cli下用show system core-dumps看是否存在core-dump文件，如果有的话，可先进入shell模式层下，然后进入/var/core-dumps directory目录下，将文件上传至FTP服务器； 或参考KB20635 - While booting up, switch stuck in db> mode4 系统进入UBoot模式解决办法按照以下三个步骤进行操作：1.在UB

12、oot模式输入reset重启交换机；2.Break启动顺序进入loader>模式# When you see the "loading /boot/defaults/loader.conf" display hit ENTER. Then press Enter to boot immediately, or space bar for command prompt.Hit the space bar to enter the manual loader. The loader > prompt displays. (NOTE: There is a 1 sec

13、ond delay for hitting the space bar) (TIPS: you can hit space bar after you see "Loading /boot/defaults/loader.conf" message)3.然后按照方法一中的Loader模式进行处理；5 系统能正常启动，但其它各系统进程无法加载的解决方法设备启动后存在以下报错rootGZ-EX4200-1> show chassis alarms no-forwardingerror: the alarm-control subsystem is not runningr

14、ootGZ-EX4200-1> show chassis hardware detail no-forwardingerror: the chassis-control subsystem is not running1.对于10.4R3以前的版本，可按照Loader模式的方法进行处理；2.对于10.4R3之后的版本，存在双分区双系统，而Junos loader默认是用disk99,如果这个分区的系统坏了之后，会一直卡着Loader>模式；步骤一，设备加电后，输入以下命令；=> setenv loaddev disk99: <enter>=> saveenv

15、 <enter>=> reset <enter>步骤二，在JunOS loader模式下选择从internal NAND flash 启动Junosloader> set currdev=disk0: <enter>loader> boot <enter>步骤三，在shell模式删除以下文件；<login> (Login as root)# ls -al /boot/loader.conf.local <enter>步骤四，Revert the change made in step one:# nvra

16、m unsetenv loaddev步骤五，Reboot6 Can't load kernel error解决办法如果设备重启后，一直显示以下错误:can't load '/kernel'can't load '/kernel.old' 可参照DB模式进行恢复；7 Junos在备用分区启动（KB23180）开机提示：Warning:* * WARNING: THIS DEVICE HAS BOOTED FROM THE BACKUP JUNOS IMAGE * * * It is possible that the primary cop

17、y of JUNOS failed to boot up * properly, and so this device has booted from the backup copy. * * Please re-install JUNOS to recover the primary copy in case * it has been corrupted. * *设备告警信息：userswitch> show chassis alarms1 alarms currently activeAlarm time Class Description2011-02-17 05:48:49 P

18、ST Minor Host 0 Boot from backup root查看加载路径：root> show system storage partitions fpc0:-Boot Media: internal (da0)Active Partition: da0s1aBackup Partition: da0s2a <- this is the backup sliceCurrently booted from: backup (da0s2a) <- shows booted from that slicePartitions information:Partition

19、 Size Mountpoints1a 184M altroot s2a 184M / s3d 369M /var/tmp s3e 123M /var s4d 62M /config s4e unused (backup config)root> show system snapshot media internal Information for snapshot on internal (/dev/da0s1a) (primary)Creation date: Feb 24 11:32:07 2012JUNOS version on snapshot:jbase : 10.4I20120224_1123_bshekarjcrypto-ex: 10.4I20120224_1123_bshekarjdocs-ex: 10.4I20120224_1123_bshekarjkernel-ex: 10.4I20120224_1123_bshekarjroute-ex: 10.4I20120224_1123_bshekarjswitch-ex: 10.4I20120224_1123_bshekarjweb-ex: 10.4I20120224_1123_bshekarjpfe-ex