武汉微博教育整理分享计算机英语第三版课后答案(一)新

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上武汉微博教育整理分享计算机英语第三版课后答案练习答案PART ONE Computer BasicsUnit 1 My ComputerSection AIFill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1 Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2 input; output3 VLSI4 workstations; mainframes5 vacuum; transistors6 instructions; software7 digit; eight; byte8 m

2、icrominiaturization; chipIITranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 artificial intelligence 人工智能2 paper-tape reader 纸空阅读机3 optical computer 光学计算机4 neural network 神经网络5 instruction set 指令集6 parallel processing 平行处理7 difference engine 差分机8 versatile logical e

3、lement 通用逻辑器件9 silicon substrate 硅基10 vacuum tube 真空管（电子管）11 the storage and handling of data 数据的存储与处理 12 very large-scale integrated circuit 超大规模集成电路 13 central processing unit 中央处理器 14 personal computer 个人计算机 15 analogue computer 模拟计算机 16 digital computer 数字计算机 17 general-purpose computer 通用计算机 18

4、 processor chip 处理器芯片 19 operating instructions 操作指令 20 input device 输入设备 IIIFill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According

5、to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computers speed, size, cost, and ab

6、ilities.Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC, introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors rep

7、laced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fift

8、h-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.IVTranslate the following passage from English into Chinese.A computer system includes a computer, peripheral（外围的）

9、devices, and software. The electric, electronic, and mechanical devices used for processing data are referred to as hardware. In addition to the computer itself, the term “hardware” refers to components called peripheral devices that expand the computers input, output, and storage capabilities. Comp

10、uter hardware in and of itself does not provide a particularly useful mind tool. To be useful, a computer requires a set of instructions, called software or a computer program, which tells the computer how to perform a particular task. Computers become even more effective when connected to other com

11、puters in a network so users can share information.计算机系统包括计算机、外围设备和软件。用于处理数据的电动、电子与机械设备称为硬件。除了计算机本身之外，“硬件”这一术语还指被称为外围设备的组件，这些外围设备可扩大计算机的输入、输出和存储能力。计算机硬件本身在本质上并未提供一件特别有用的智能工具。计算机要想变得有用，就需要有称为软件或计算机程序的一套指令，来告诉计算机如何执行一项特定的任务。计算机在以下情况下变得更加有效：与网络中的其他计算机相连接，以使用户能够共享信息Section BIFill in the blanks with the

12、information given in the text:1 display2 underwater; GUI3 intranet4 functionalityIITranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 circuit board 电路板2 beta testing 测试3 thin-client computer 瘦客户机电脑4 cell phone 蜂窝电话（移动电话）5 digital video 数码摄像机，数码影视6 Pentium processor 奔

13、腾处理器 7 virtual screen 虚拟屏幕 8 desktop computer specifications 台式计算机规格 9 radio frequency 射频 10 wearable computer 可佩带式计算机 Section CPDA Prizefight: Palm vs. Pocket PCI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.With DataVizs Documents To Go, you can view and edit desktop documents on yo

14、ur PDA without converting them first to a PDA-specific _. (format)2.Both Palm OS and Windows Mobile PDAs can offer e-mail via _ so that new messages received on your desktop system are transferred to the PDA for on-the-go reading. (synchronization)3.The Windows Mobile keyboard, Block Recognizer, and

15、 Letter Recognizer are all _ input areas, meaning they appear and disappear as needed. (virtual)4.Generally speaking, Windows Mobile performs better in entering information and playing _ files while Palm OS offers easier operation, more _ programs, better desktop compatibility, and a stronger e-mail

16、 application. (multimedia; third-party)II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.data field数据字段2.learning curve学习曲线3.third-party solution第三方解决方案4.Windows Media Player Windows媒体播放器5.开始按钮Start button 6.指定输入区designated input area 7.手写体识别系统handwriting-recogni

17、tion system 8.字符集character set Unit 2Computer ArchitectureSection AIFill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1 input; output; storage2 Basic Input Output System3 flatbed scanners; hand-held scanners4 LCD-based5 dot-matrix printers; inkjet printers6 disk drives; memory7 Volatile8 ser

18、ial; parallelIITranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 information retrieval 信息检索2 voice recognition module 语音识别模块3 touch-sensitive region 触感区，触摸区4 address bus 地址总线5 flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪6 dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机（针式打印机）7 parallel connection 并行连接8 cathode

19、ray tube 阴极射线管9 video game 电子游戏（港台亦称电玩）10 audio signal 音频信号11 operating system 操作系统 12 LCD (liquid crystal display) 液晶显示（器） 13 inkjet printer 喷墨打印机 14 data bus 数据总线 15 serial connection 串行连接 16 volatile memory 易失性存储器 17 laser printer 激光打印机 18 disk drive 磁盘驱动器 19 BIOS (Basic Input Output System) 基本输入

20、输出系统 20 video display 视频显示器 IIIFill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:CD-ROM stands for compact disk read-only memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks, which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical disks use reflected light

21、. On a CD-ROM disk, 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy areas (called “pits”) on its bottom surface. The CD-ROM disk is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam of light on these areas. The amount of reflected light determines whether the area represents a 1 or a 0.Like a commercial C

22、D found in music stores, a CD-ROM is a “read-only” disk. Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user. Thus, you as a user have access only to the data imprinted by the publisher.A single CD-ROM disk can store 650 megabytes of data. That is equivalent to 451 floppy disks. With that

23、much information on a single disk, the time to retrieve or access the information is very important. An important characteristic of CD-ROM drives is their access rate.IVTranslate the following passage from English into Chinese.A modem is a device that converts between analog and digital signals. Dig

24、ital signals, which are used by computers, are made up of separate units, usually represented by a series of 1s and 0s. Analog signals vary continuously; an example of an analog signal is a sound wave. Modems are often used to enable computers to communicate with each other across telephone lines. A

25、 modem converts the digital signals of the sending computer to analog signals that can be transmitted through telephone lines. When the signal reaches its destination, another modem reconstructs the original digital signal, which is processed by the receiving computer. If both modems can transmit da

26、ta to each other simultaneously, the modems are operating in full duplex (双工的) mode; if only one modem can transmit at a time, the modems are operating in half duplex mode.武汉微博教育调制解调器是在模拟和数字信号之间进行转换的设备。计算机使用的是数字信号，这种信号由离散单元组成，通常用一系列1和0表示。模拟信号是连续变化的；声波就是模拟信号的一个例子。调制解调器经常用于实现计算机之间通过电话线的互相通信。调制解调器将发送端计

27、算机的数字信号转换成可通过电话线传输的模拟信号。信号到达目的地后，另外一个调制解调器重构原来的数字信号，供接收端计算机处理。如果两个调制解调器可同时互相发送数据，那么它们采用的就是全双工工作方式；如果一次只有一个调制解调器可以发送数据，那么它们采用的则是半双工工作方式。Section BIFill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1 low-speed2 topology; hub3 control; bulk4 token; handshakeIITranslate the following terms or phr

28、ases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 ISA slot ISA总线槽2 configuration register 配置寄存器3 still camera 静物照相机4 token packet 令牌包5 expansion hub 扩展集线器6 USB（Universal Serial Bus）通用串行总线 7 root hub 根集线器 8 I/O device 输入输出设备 9 control frame 控制帧 10 PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) 外部设备互连 Section

29、CIFill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1 higher; cheaper; shelf space2 single-layer; double-sided; politics3 Substrate4 incompatibilityIITranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 video tape 录像带2 aspect ratio （电视、电影图像的）高宽比，纵横比3 CD-RW 可擦写光

30、驱4 laser diode 激光二极管5 reflective layer反射层 6 optical disk光盘 7 high resolution高分辨率 8 floppy disk 软盘 Unit 3Operating System Section AIFill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1 Software2 Multitasking3 Virtual4 IBM or International Business Machines Corporation5 UNIX; multiuser6 Windows

31、; graphical7 command-line8 distributedIITranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1 data set 数据集2 pointing device 指点设备3 graphical user interface 图形化用户界面4 time-slice multitasking 分时多任务处理5 object-oriented programming 面向对象编程6 click on an icon 点击图标7 context switch

32、ing 上下文转换8 distributed system 分布式系统9 pull-down lists of commands 命令的下拉列表10 simultaneous access 同时访问11 command-line interface 命令行界面 12 multitasking environment 多任务化环境 13 spreadsheet program 电子制表程序 14 main memory 主存 15 storage media 存储介质 16 disk file 磁盘文件 17 command interpreter 命令解释器 18 network connec

33、tion 网络连接 19 DOS (disk operating system) 磁盘操作系统 20 copy a data file 拷贝数据文件 IIIFill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:Operating systems for micro, mini, and mainframe computers perform many services. These services can be classified e

34、ither as “external” or “internal.”The operating system provides external services that help users start programs, manage stored data, and maintain security. You, as the computer user, control these external functions. Using a command-line, menu-driven, or GUI user interface, an operating system prov

35、ides you with a way to select the programs you would like to use. The operating system also helps you find, rename, and delete documents and other data stored on disk or tape. On many, but not all computer systems, the operating system helps you maintain security by checking your user ID and passwor

36、d, as well as protecting your data from unauthorized access and revisions.The operating system provides internal services “behind the scenes” to ensure that the computer system functions efficiently. These internal services are not generally under your control, but instead are controlled by the oper

37、ating system itself. The operating system controls input and output, allocates system resources, manages the storage space for programs and data, and detects equipment failure without any direction from you.IVTranslate the following passage from English into Chinese.Multitasking, in computer science

38、, is a mode of operation offered by an operating system in which a computer works on more than one task at a time. There are several types of multitasking. Context switching is a very simple type of multitasking in which two or more applications are loaded at the same time but only the foreground (前

39、台的) application is given processing time; to activate (激活) a background (后台的) task, the user must bring the window or screen containing that application to the front. In cooperative (合作的) multitasking, background tasks are given processing time during idle times in the foreground task (such as when

40、the application waits for a keystroke), and only if the application allows it. In time-slice multitasking each task is given the microprocessors attention for a fraction of a second. To maintain order, tasks are either assigned priority levels or processed in sequential (顺序的) order. Because the user

41、s sense of time is much slower than the processing speed of the computer, time-slice multitasking operations seem to be simultaneous.在计算机科学中，多任务处理是操作系统提供的一种操作方式，它使计算机一次可执行不止一项任务。多任务处理有几种类型。上下文切换是一种非常简单的多任务处理：两个或两个以上的应用程序同时装入，但只有前台应用程序得到处理时间；要激活后台任务，用户必须将含有该应用程序的窗口或屏幕调至前面。在合作多任务处理中，后台任务在前台任务空闲期间（例如，应用程序等待键击时）得到处理时间，但条件必须是该应用程序允许这样做。在分时段的多任务处理中，每项任务得到微处理器几分之一秒的注意。为了维持次序，任务或被指定优先等级，或被按序依次处理。由于用户对时间的感觉要比计算机的处理速度慢得多，因此分时段的多任务操作似乎同时进行。Section BI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.NGSCB, the new security arch