优化方案（新课标全国卷Ⅰ）高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 题型专题突破 二 阅读理解 第五讲 篇章结构题课件

1、第五讲篇章结构题第五讲篇章结构题专题二专题二 阅读理解阅读理解考试大纲考试大纲明确要求考生明确要求考生“理解文章的基本结构理解文章的基本结构”。高考。高考对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次：一是按段落的组织方对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次：一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构，二是按写作方法法理解文章的结构，二是按写作方法(论证方法论证方法)理解文章的理解文章的结构。把握文章的基本结构有利于理解文章的主题。篇章结结构。把握文章的基本结构有利于理解文章的主题。篇章结构题属于较高层次的考查，重在考查对整个文章内在逻辑关构题属于较高层次的考查，重在考查对整个文章内在逻辑关系的理解，对文章结构的清晰认识

2、及对文中举例的目的等，系的理解，对文章结构的清晰认识及对文中举例的目的等，看考生对整篇文章的整体理解如何。因此，把握全篇的文看考生对整篇文章的整体理解如何。因此，把握全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系对理解文章的基本结脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系对理解文章的基本结构会有很大帮助。构会有很大帮助。1按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构文章的体裁有记叙文、说明文和议论文等，不同体裁的文章文章的体裁有记叙文、说明文和议论文等，不同体裁的文章的组织方法是不同的。文章结构题主要考查考生在理解全文的组织方法是不同的。文章结构题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述

3、的事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结的基础上对文章所描述的事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推测、归纳构层次或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推测、归纳和总结的能力。主要设题形式：和总结的能力。主要设题形式：Which of the following shows the organization/structure of the passage?How is the passage organized?Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (2015高考北京卷高考北京

4、卷，阅读理解阅读理解D，节选节选) Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life，mostly for the better.However，social changes that are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who

5、 are attending college.Surveys (调查调查) on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overlyprotective even after their children move into college dormitories.The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation a

6、go.This is usually interpreted as a sign that todays parents are trying to manage their childrens lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.However，greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children.In the context (背景

7、背景) of this discussion，it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents involvement with their grown children.If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their collegeage children frequently，would this have been possible？Probably not.On the other ha

8、nd，does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasnt present a generation ago？Many studies show that older parentstodays grandparentswould have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.Furthermore，studies show that

9、 finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children.The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new；nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.This phenomenon is neither good nor bad；it is a fact of co

10、llege life，today and in the past.Thanks to the advanced technology，we live in an age of bettered communication.This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college.But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes com

11、e from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.70Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?_I：IntroductionP：PointSp：Subpoint(次要点次要点)C：ConclusionB【解析解析】文章结构题。文章第一段是文章结构题。文章第一段是introduction，介绍了介绍了“新科技带来的一些改变常被误认为是态度的改变

12、新科技带来的一些改变常被误认为是态度的改变”的现的现象。第二段提出了第一个论点象。第二段提出了第一个论点“父母在子女生活中参与度提父母在子女生活中参与度提高的现象通常被误认为是在试图安排孩子的生活高的现象通常被误认为是在试图安排孩子的生活”。第三段。第三段提出了第二个论点提出了第二个论点 “父母更多的参与不一定表明父母对子女父母更多的参与不一定表明父母对子女不放手不放手”。第四段针对第二个论点提出了分论点一。第四段针对第二个论点提出了分论点一“是科技是科技的进步导致了父母对子女生活更多地参与的进步导致了父母对子女生活更多地参与”。第五段针对第。第五段针对第二个论点提出了分论点二二个论点提出了分

13、论点二(关键词关键词Furthermore)“是子女经济是子女经济不独立导致父母对子女生活的过多参与不独立导致父母对子女生活的过多参与”。最后一段得出结。最后一段得出结论论“多亏了高科技多亏了高科技，我们能更好地交流我们能更好地交流，父母与孩子更多的父母与孩子更多的沟通交流并不是想庇护孩子沟通交流并不是想庇护孩子”。方法点津方法点津在解答此类试题时在解答此类试题时，考生应做到：一读考生应做到：一读，就是通读全文；二就是通读全文；二想想，就是想一想每个自然段的主要内容；三归就是想一想每个自然段的主要内容；三归，就是把一些就是把一些内容相同或关系密切的自然段并在一起内容相同或关系密切的自然段并在一

14、起，成为一个大段；四成为一个大段；四查查，就是再把各段段意连起来就是再把各段段意连起来，看是否能构成一个连贯的整看是否能构成一个连贯的整体；五选体；五选，就是选出符合文章结构的正确答案。因此考生在就是选出符合文章结构的正确答案。因此考生在阅读文章时要发挥自己的逻辑思维能力阅读文章时要发挥自己的逻辑思维能力，把握作者的写作思，把握作者的写作思路，这样才能准确答题。此类试题从段落组织方式上看有三路，这样才能准确答题。此类试题从段落组织方式上看有三种类型：总种类型：总分分总；总总；总分；分分；分总。总。2按写作方法理解文章的结构按写作方法理解文章的结构作者可采用不同的方法来组织文章，如：作者可采用不

15、同的方法来组织文章，如：(1)时间顺序，按时时间顺序，按时间先后顺序说明某一事物的发展，或某一研究由过去至现在间先后顺序说明某一事物的发展，或某一研究由过去至现在的发展情况。的发展情况。(2)空间顺序，按照事物的空间结构顺序空间顺序，按照事物的空间结构顺序(从左到从左到右，从内到外，从整体到局部等右，从内到外，从整体到局部等)进行描写或说明。进行描写或说明。(3)举例论举例论证，用所列举的事物来论证观点，通常列举一些数据、事例证，用所列举的事物来论证观点，通常列举一些数据、事例等。等。(4)对比或类比，通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异对比或类比，通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主。主要设

16、题形式：为主。主要设题形式：The passage is mainly developed by_The second paragraph is developed by_The author develops the passage mainly by_How does the writer support the underlined statement in Paragraph 2? (2015高考重庆卷高考重庆卷，阅读理解阅读理解D，节选节选) There are many places to go on safari (观赏野生动物观赏野生动物) in Africa，but ridi

17、ng a horse through the flooded waters of Botswanas Okavango Delta must rank as one of the worlds most exciting wildlife journeys.Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses，professional

18、guides and lots of support workers.They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.The morning ride，when the guides take you to beautiful，shallow lakes full of water lilies，tends to be more active.It is unlike any other riding experience.With rainbows forming in the splashing water ar

19、ound you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face，it is truly exciting.You are very likely to come across large wild animals，too.On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants，giraffes and many other animals.The sense of excitement and tension levels rise sud

20、denly though，as does your heart rate，as you move closer to them.In the evening，rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace，with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink.Sedate though they are，rides at this time of day are still very impres

21、sive.As the suns rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses，the romance of Africa comes to life.Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine.Looking back on your day，you will find it hard to deny that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild.51The author introduces the riding experience in the Okavango Delta mainly