高考英语语法知识点归纳总结-状语从句

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上状语从句种 类从属连词例 句说 明时间状从whenWhen I came into the room, he was writing a letter.We shall go there whenever we are free.when指的是“某一具体的时间”whenever指的是“在任何时间”I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.I was about to go swimming when our guide stopp

2、ed me. when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，另一动作同时发生。这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。常用句型：be about to do when, be doing when, had done when, be on ones way when, be on the point of doing whenHe usually walks when he might ride.They had only three tables when they needed five.How can you hope for mercy yourself when

3、 you show none? 尽管，虽然，既然，鉴于，如果whileWhile it was raining, they went out.I stayed while he was away.while指“在某一段时间里”，“在期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的I like watching TV while he likes reading. while 做并列连词，表示相对关系“然而”While I understand your point of view, I dont share it.While 引导让步状语从句，相当于although，但一般位于主句之前。While

4、there is life, there is hope.While引导条件状语从句，相当于as/so long as,翻译成“只要”asHe hurried home, looking behind as he went.as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生As I get older, I get more optimistic.两种正在发展或变化的情况，有“随着”的意思，表时间的推移。He hurried home, looking behind as he went.一边一边As he was going out, it began to rain.强调两个动作紧接着发生。

5、As a boy(When he was a boy), he was hopeless at maths.as+名词，相当于时间状语从句beforeA.Be a pupil before you become a teacher.BWe waited a long time before he came out.We hadnt waited long before he came out.C He died before he wrote a will.D he sun had set before we knew it. Leave me before I changed my mind

6、. Id die before I apologized to them. Get out before I call the police.往往表示主句的动作先于从句的动作发生，“在之前”，A.“ 才”（强调主句所表达的时间、举例很长或花费的力气很大。）B.“就”（强调主句所表达的时间、举例短或花费的力气很大。）C“还没有”“免得”“不知不觉”“宁可、宁愿”“否则，要不然”It will be five years before he returns to his homeland. It wont be long before we meet again.It+（not）be+some t

7、ime+before从句。肯定句中，“多长时间之后才”；否定句中，“用不了多长时间就”afterHe arrived after the game started.until/till We waited till (until)he came back .如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到为止”She didnt stop working until eleven oclock .Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直才”“在以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用untilsi

8、nceGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you.状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。Mr. Li has been here since he came back.I have written home but once since I came here.since后是非延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作发生时算起。He has written to me frequently sinc

9、e he was ill.since后是延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作结束时算起。It is (has been) a long time since I smoked.It has been two years since I began to smoke. It + be+ some time+since 短语或从句，如果从句中谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“做某事已有多长时间”；如果是延续性动词，意为“不做某事已有多长时间”。需要注意主句与从句时态的一致性。一就Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.I had hardly

10、got home when it began to rain.=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.hardlywhen和no soonerthan的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。一就Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.The moment

11、I heard the song, I felt cheerful.Next time you come ,youll see him.有些名词或副词可以起连词的作用。如：the minute, the moment, the day, the week, the year, the first time, any time, next time, every time, the last time, each time, all the time, by the time, immediately, instantly, directly, as soon as, once等。在时间状语从句

12、中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.一On his arrival in Paris, he was recognised as a oble and thrown into prison.on doing sth.或on ones +名词地点状从wherewhereverWhere there is a will, there is a way.Where there is water there is life.You are free to go whereve

13、r you like.Wherever you go, you must obey the law.where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。where表示特定的地点，wherever表示非特定的地点。原因状从becauseI came back late yesterday because I was on dutybecause用来回答why 的问题，语气最强not becausebut because 不是因为而是因为partly because 部分是因为because because of sinceSince everyone is here, let

14、s begin our meetingsince表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首forHe must be ill, for he is absent today.不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，用于表示补充说明理由。asAs he didnt know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.As 语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明。从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。now that, seeing that, considering that，in thatNow (

15、that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.Now(that) everybody is here, lets begin.seeing (that), now that, considering that和since, as 意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去in that中that不能省略。now that用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推论，位于句首时，that 可以省略。目的状从tha

16、tso thatin order that=to the end that lest = for fear thatI shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.Well tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .Put on more clothes lest (= for fe

17、ar that ) you should catch cold.目的状语从句中常用情态动词may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号in case Take your raincoat in case it rainsHe left early in case he (should) miss the last train.In case “以防”后面的从句可以使用一般现在时表示将来，或使用一般过去时表示过去将来，还可以和其他的目的状语从句一样，有一个表推定性的情态动词，in case从句可使用should，

18、但should也可以省略。结果状从so thatsothatWe turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.He was so excited that he couldnt say a word.so that前有逗号为结果状语从句sothat的so后面跟形容词或副词suchthatHe gave such important reasons that he was excused.It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it. It is so i

19、nteresting a novel that all of us want to read it.suchthat的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /anthat还可以转换用sothat，语气较强条件状从ifunlessas/so long asin caseso far asonceDifficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain.S

20、o/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.In case I forget, please remind me about it So far as I know, the book will be published next month.unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和ifnot同义，unless是书面语，ifnot是口语，通常二者可以换用条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时suppose/supposing (that)假定provided/providing (that) ;on

21、 condition (that) 在条件下，以为条件Suppose/Supposing it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? Ill go provided/providing the children can come with me.Ill allow you to go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the bank.方式状从asas ifas thoughDraw a cat as I taught you Do as you are told.She looks as if

22、 she is ill.He acted as if (though) nothing had happenedThey treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.此处as译为：按照或正如as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气as it is/wasI thought conditions would get better, but as it is they are getting worse.Leave it as it is. 用于句首时，用来陈述真实的情况，

23、可以翻译为“事实上，实际情况是”；用于句末时，常表示“按原来的样子，照现在的样子”，若前面的名词委复数，则应改为as they are/were。as it wereHe is, as it were, a walking dictionary.The sky is covered, as it were, with a black curtain.用作插入语，表示“仿佛，好像，可以说是”，不能改为as it is (was)让步状从althoughthoughAlthough (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French

24、.We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。though / although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面even if, even thoughIll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.even if 和even though的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中asChild as he is , he knows a lot .Cold

25、 as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。no matter (whether, who, what when, where, which, how)Do it no matter what others say.No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.No matter who takes up the matter

26、 for me ,I shall be very grateful.no matter与 who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一 样，no matter引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后wh+ever (whatever whoever ,whenever whichever ,however)Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.Whoever comes, he will be welcome.短语“尽管”In spite of/Despite the fact that he is sometimes selfish, we have to depend on himSome people act regardless of what will happen afterwards.for all (that), in spite of the fact, despite the fact that