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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上羁扶弱资料(六)莈非谓语动词蚈所谓非谓语动词,就是指它们不能在句子中单独作谓语。但它们又具有动词的特征,即可以有宾语(如果是及物动词的话)、可以有时态和语态的变化、可以有自己的逻辑主语。同时,它们又具有名词的某些特征,即它们可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。螅一、动词不定式:莂动词不定式(时态与语态):膀主动式莇被动式袅一般式螃todo薈tobedone膆完成式袅tohavedone膄tohavebeendone芀进行式腿tobedoing羅1.作主语:芁Tosaysomethingisonething,todoitisanother.羁2.作表语:Mysugges
2、tionistocarryouttheplanimmediately.羈3.作宾语:Hedecidedtobuyacomputer.肅4.作宾语补足语:Mr.Smithwantshissontobecomealawyer.蚁注:在let,make,see,notice,hear等动词后面,作宾补的不定式均省去to.如:Hemadeafaceandmadeeverybody_(laugh).葿但是,在被动语态中,作主语补足语的不定式则要加上to.螆如:Wearemade_(write)acompositioneveryweekbytheteacher.膅5.作定语:Heusedtohavealo
3、tofmeetingtoattend.肂注:当出现thefirst/second/last/only/best时,常跟不定式作定语膁Hewasthefirstman_(get)toschoolthismorning.蒅6.不定式作状语:Toseewhatwouldhappen,westayedthere.芅二、分词(现在分词和过去分词)蒃(一)V-ing形式(时态与语态):虿主动式薈被动式莅一般式蚀doing莁beingdone芇完成式蒄havingdone肁havingbeendone蝿1._(be)poor,hecouldntgotoschool.肆2.Weareinterestedin_
4、(play)chess.蒄3.Thequestion_(discuss)nowisimportant.蒂4.Theboywasafraidof_(leave)aloneathome.薁5._(work)inthecountryforthreeyears,heknewhowtogrowvegetables.腿注:现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前薄(二)过去分词(只有一种时态与语态)袃规则的:V-ed;不规则的(记不规则动词表)罿1.Theboywenthomewithhishomework_(finish).袈2._(see)fromthetop,thestadiumlooksl
5、ikeabirdnest.蚄现在分词和过去分词在语态和时间方面有较大区别:芄现在分词表示的意义是主动的,进行的:thegirlgatheringflowers(正在采花的女孩)蚀过去分词表示的意义是被动的,完成的:theflowersgatheredthismorning(早晨采的花)蚇1.作表语:Thenewsisveryexciting./Theyareveryexcitedatthenews.螄2.作定语:Dontdisturbthesleepingchild./Thearrestedthiefwillbesentencedsoon.莀3.作宾补:Helikestositonthebea
6、chandwatchtheseagullsflying./Theworklefteveryoneexhausted.薄注:有些动词如see,hear,feel,notice,watch等既可跟现在分词,也可跟不带to的不定式作复合宾语。它们的区别在于:现在分词着重说明动作正在发生;不定式着重说明动作的全过程袁Isawtheboysclimbingthewall.我看见孩子在爬墙。艿Isawtheboysclimbthewall.我看见孩子爬墙了。膇4.作状语:Theystoodtherewaitingforthebus芆Hearingtheknockonthedoor,theystoppedt
7、alking.袄Askedtoworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.荿Compare:1.2. 薈_(follow)theoldman,wewentupstairs螄2._(follow)bytheoldman,wewentupstairs.蚃三、动名词(V-ing)葿1.作主语和表语罿动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如:蒆Seeingisbelieving./Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.莂注:在“Itisnouse(good)”等习惯表达法中,常用形式主语“it”葿Itisn
8、ousequarrelingwithher./Isitworthwhiletryingagain?3.4. 莀作宾语在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词作宾语,如果有名词或代词作宾语,袃则构成“allowadviseforbidpermit名词代词不定式(宾语补足语)”之形式。如:蒅Wedon'tallow_(smoke)here蕿Wedon'tallowanybody_(smoke)here薆3.作介词宾语薅Haveyougotusedtoworkingonthenightshift(值班)?膃Childrenarefondofreadingd
9、etectivestories.虿注某些习惯用法中,常省略介词,仅保留动名词羇Heisbusy(in)preparingareport.莇Theyspentalotoftime(in)makingpreparation.羂Wehadgreatdifficulty/trouble(in)findinghishouse.蝿非谓语动词需要注意的几个问题:莈(一)、不定式的逻辑主语螅一般的结构为for+名词+不定式,如:螁ItisdifficultforaforeignertolearnChinese.Ifounditimpossible_himtodothejobalone.袈但在表示人物性格,特征
10、等的形容词后kind,brave,careful,clever,foolish,honest,kind,polite,rude,stupid,wise,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语,如:蝿Itwaswiseofhimtodothat.Itwasverybrave_himtocatchthethief.蒇(二)、不定式的主动式还是被动式螄作定语时,当句中出现的名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者时,用主动式羈Ihaveameetingtoattend.TheteachergaveJohnabooktoread,袆若不定式动作执行者不是上述情况,而是其他人,用被动态:Herearetheclothest
11、obewashed羅(三)、有些动词虽然既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语,但意义差别较大薃如;a)remembertodo(记住要做某事),rememberdoing(记得曾做过某事)肈b)forgettodo(忘记要做某事),forgetdoing(忘记曾做过某事)芇c)regrettodo(因要做某事感到不安),regretdoing(因做了某事感到后悔)蚇(四)、分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。这类词常见的有:莂interesting令人感兴趣的-
12、interested感到有趣的;exciting令人激动的-excited感到激动的莂delighting令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的;disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的蚈(五)、admit,advise,avoid,can'thelp,consider,delay,deny,escape,enjoy,finish,feellike,imagine,mind,practise,risk,suggest等动词以及所有带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词做宾语。膅Theboywasluckyenoughtoescapebeingpunished
13、.莅(六)、lookforwardto,payattentionto,stickto,devoteto,makecontributionsto,get/beusedto,objectto中的to是介词,因而其后接动名词做宾语,不要误用动词不定式。蒂(1)I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.聿(2)Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosettingupsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.袆(七)、主动形式表示被动意义 膄动词want,need,require后作宾语的动名词的主动形式。这时句中的动名
14、词与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。例:TheTVsetwants(/needs/requires)fixing.薂=TheTVsetwants(/needs/requires)tobefixed.蒀形容词worth后接的v-ing的主动形式。例:Thefilmisworthseeing.袂某些作表语的形容词(如easy,difficult,hard等)后接的不定式主动形式。例:蒁Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.(Toanswerthisquestioniseasy.)膀语法填空-高考真题回顾膄(一)、全国卷:薄真题再练:在下列各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式,并说明理由。腿
15、1.(2015卷I·68)Yangshuoisreallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers_(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.芀2.(2015卷I·70)Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.薅3.(2015卷II&
16、#183;61)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)_(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredby羂4.(2015卷II·64)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout_(use)electricequipment.节5.(2015卷II·66)Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenupt
17、heirheatandarenowcoldenough_(cool)thehouseduringthehotday.莀6.(2014卷I·65)Buttheriverwasntchangedinafewdaysorevenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork_(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.羆7.(2014卷I·68)Whilethereare_(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthechangesaregradualandreq
18、uirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.螄8.(2014卷II·41)Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout_(be)lateforschool.羁9.(2014卷II·43)Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand_(disappoint).蒀10.(2014卷II·46)Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingto
19、thedriver,butherefused_(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.莇语法填空-强化训练膂用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空:1.2. 螀Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,_(think)thatallchildrenlikethesethings.(05全国二)3.4. 葿_(face)withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.(05北京春招)5.6. 蒄Icouldn'tdomyhomewo
20、rkwithallthatnoise_(go)on.(05北京)袄4.Witheverythingheneeded_(buy),heleftthesupermarket.蕿5.Withtoomuchwork_(do),Icantgooutwithyou.蕿6.Thebuilding_(build)nowwillbearestaurant.袅7.Thebuilding_(build)nextyearwillbearestaurant.莂8.Thebuilding_(build)lastyearisarestaurant.薂9.Don'tsitthere_(do)nothing.Comea
21、ndhelpmewiththistable.虿10.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoasto_(receive)intimeforChristmas.芆11.Lessons_(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.肄12.Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and_(collect)coinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure.莁13.Eugeneisneverwillingtochangehismind.It'snouse_(argue)with
22、him.蝿14.Hewastheonlyforeigner_(get)suchanhonoryesterday.蚇15.Ican'tstand_(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.蒁短文错误-高考真题回顾肀1.(2015新课标卷II)Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundthat衿2.(2013新课标卷II)Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchan
23、ddinner.螈3.(2012新课标卷)Mypunishmentlastedayear.Meanwhile,Ifoundoutthatwithmorepatience,Icouldmakemytoystolast.Myattitudechangedfromthenon.袄短文错误-强化训练螃(1)DavidandIwantedgoofftofindhelpbutBillinsistedonstayingnearthecar.(全国卷)蕿(2)Davidpointedtoapathwhichhethoughtwouldprobablyleadingtoavillage.(全国卷)袅(3)Iwe
24、ntbacktogetDavidandhelpedhimtostoodup.(全国卷)薆(4)CharlesandLindaMasondoallofthesethingsaswellasclimbedbuilding.(全国卷)薂(5)Modernpeopleknowmoreabouthealth,havebetterfood,andtoliveinclearersurroundings.(全国卷)虿(6)TheWorldHealthOrganizationandotherorganizationsareworkingimprovehealthallovertheworld.芆(7)youpa
25、ythecostofsendapostcard,thelibrarianwillwritetoyou.(全国卷)肄(8)andletyoutoknowwhenthebookyouwanthasreturned(全国卷)莁(9)Iwanttothankyouagainforhavemeinyourhomeforthesummerholidays.(全国卷)蝿(10)Ihadalwayswantedreturntothevillageaftermovingaway.(全国卷)蚇(11)Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemet
26、otheirhome.(全国卷)螆(12)Ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.(全国卷)肀(13)Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogivesusasenseof.(全国卷)衿(14)IwasoftenalittletiredafteradaysworkandwatchTVdemandsverylittleeffort.(全国卷)肈(15)IdlikeverymuchcomebutIhaveanexaminationonMondaymorning.(北京春季卷)芃(16)Illspendthewhol
27、eweekendreadingandprepareforit.(北京春季卷)膃高中英语辅导-基础篇罿参考答案芄一、动词不定式:4.如,laugh如,towrite5.toget羅二、分词袁(一)V-ing形式1.Beingpoor2.playing3.beingdisscussed4.beingleft5.Havingworked罿(二)过去分词finishedSeen蚅4.作状语1.Following2.Followed莃三、动名词2.smoking;tosmoke蚀需要注意的几个问题:蚇(一)、不定式的逻辑主语for薄语法填空-高考真题回顾蚃(一)、全国卷:1.conducted2.living3.built4.using5.tocool芁6.toreduce7.amazing8.being9.disappointed10.tostop蚇语法填空-强化训练羅用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空:肁1.thinking2.Faced3.go
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