高考英语非谓语动词(总结+改错)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上羁扶弱资料（六）莈非谓语动词蚈所谓非谓语动词，就是指它们不能在句子中单独作谓语。但它们又具有动词的特征，即可以有宾语（如果是及物动词的话）、可以有时态和语态的变化、可以有自己的逻辑主语。同时，它们又具有名词的某些特征，即它们可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。螅一、动词不定式:莂动词不定式（时态与语态）：膀主动式莇被动式袅一般式螃todo薈tobedone膆完成式袅tohavedone膄tohavebeendone芀进行式腿tobedoing羅1.作主语:芁Tosaysomethingisonething,todoitisanother.羁2.作表语:Mysugges

2、tionistocarryouttheplanimmediately.羈3.作宾语:Hedecidedtobuyacomputer.肅4.作宾语补足语:Mr.Smithwantshissontobecomealawyer.蚁注：在let,make,see,notice,hear等动词后面，作宾补的不定式均省去to.如:Hemadeafaceandmadeeverybody_(laugh).葿但是，在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式则要加上to.螆如:Wearemade_(write)acompositioneveryweekbytheteacher.膅5.作定语:Heusedtohavealo

3、tofmeetingtoattend.肂注：当出现thefirst/second/last/only/best时，常跟不定式作定语膁Hewasthefirstman_(get)toschoolthismorning.蒅6.不定式作状语:Toseewhatwouldhappen,westayedthere.芅二、分词（现在分词和过去分词）蒃（一）V-ing形式（时态与语态）：虿主动式薈被动式莅一般式蚀doing莁beingdone芇完成式蒄havingdone肁havingbeendone蝿1._(be)poor,hecouldntgotoschool.肆2.Weareinterestedin_

4、(play)chess.蒄3.Thequestion_(discuss)nowisimportant.蒂4.Theboywasafraidof_(leave)aloneathome.薁5._(work)inthecountryforthreeyears,heknewhowtogrowvegetables.腿注：现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前薄（二）过去分词（只有一种时态与语态）袃规则的：V-ed；不规则的（记不规则动词表）罿1.Theboywenthomewithhishomework_(finish).袈2._(see)fromthetop,thestadiumlooksl

5、ikeabirdnest.蚄现在分词和过去分词在语态和时间方面有较大区别：芄现在分词表示的意义是主动的，进行的：thegirlgatheringflowers（正在采花的女孩）蚀过去分词表示的意义是被动的，完成的：theflowersgatheredthismorning（早晨采的花）蚇1.作表语:Thenewsisveryexciting./Theyareveryexcitedatthenews.螄2.作定语:Dontdisturbthesleepingchild./Thearrestedthiefwillbesentencedsoon.莀3.作宾补:Helikestositonthebea

6、chandwatchtheseagullsflying./Theworklefteveryoneexhausted.薄注：有些动词如see,hear,feel,notice,watch等既可跟现在分词，也可跟不带to的不定式作复合宾语。它们的区别在于：现在分词着重说明动作正在发生；不定式着重说明动作的全过程袁Isawtheboysclimbingthewall.我看见孩子在爬墙。艿Isawtheboysclimbthewall.我看见孩子爬墙了。膇4.作状语:Theystoodtherewaitingforthebus芆Hearingtheknockonthedoor,theystoppedt

7、alking.袄Askedtoworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.荿Compare:1.2. 薈_(follow)theoldman,wewentupstairs螄2._(follow)bytheoldman,wewentupstairs.蚃三、动名词（V-ing）葿1.作主语和表语罿动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如：蒆Seeingisbelieving./Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.莂注：在“Itisnouse(good)”等习惯表达法中，常用形式主语“it”葿Itisn

8、ousequarrelingwithher./Isitworthwhiletryingagain?3.4. 莀作宾语在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，袃则构成“allowadviseforbidpermit名词代词不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如：蒅Wedon'tallow_(smoke)here蕿Wedon'tallowanybody_(smoke)here薆3.作介词宾语薅Haveyougotusedtoworkingonthenightshift（值班）?膃Childrenarefondofreadingd

9、etectivestories.虿注某些习惯用法中，常省略介词，仅保留动名词羇Heisbusy(in)preparingareport.莇Theyspentalotoftime(in)makingpreparation.羂Wehadgreatdifficulty/trouble(in)findinghishouse.蝿非谓语动词需要注意的几个问题:莈（一）、不定式的逻辑主语螅一般的结构为for+名词+不定式，如：螁ItisdifficultforaforeignertolearnChinese.Ifounditimpossible_himtodothejobalone.袈但在表示人物性格，特征

10、等的形容词后kind,brave,careful,clever,foolish,honest,kind,polite,rude,stupid,wise，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语，如：蝿Itwaswiseofhimtodothat.Itwasverybrave_himtocatchthethief.蒇（二）、不定式的主动式还是被动式螄作定语时，当句中出现的名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者时，用主动式羈Ihaveameetingtoattend.TheteachergaveJohnabooktoread,袆若不定式动作执行者不是上述情况，而是其他人，用被动态：Herearetheclothest

11、obewashed羅（三）、有些动词虽然既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语，但意义差别较大薃如；a)remembertodo（记住要做某事）,rememberdoing（记得曾做过某事）肈b)forgettodo（忘记要做某事）,forgetdoing（忘记曾做过某事）芇c)regrettodo（因要做某事感到不安）,regretdoing（因做了某事感到后悔）蚇（四）、分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。这类词常见的有：莂interesting令人感兴趣的-

12、interested感到有趣的；exciting令人激动的-excited感到激动的莂delighting令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的；disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的蚈（五）、admit,advise,avoid,can'thelp,consider,delay,deny,escape,enjoy,finish,feellike,imagine,mind,practise,risk,suggest等动词以及所有带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词做宾语。膅Theboywasluckyenoughtoescapebeingpunished

13、.莅（六）、lookforwardto,payattentionto,stickto,devoteto,makecontributionsto,get/beusedto,objectto中的to是介词，因而其后接动名词做宾语，不要误用动词不定式。蒂(1)I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.聿(2)Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosettingupsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.袆（七）、主动形式表示被动意义 膄动词want,need,require后作宾语的动名词的主动形式。这时句中的动名

14、词与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。例：TheTVsetwants(/needs/requires)fixing.薂=TheTVsetwants(/needs/requires)tobefixed.蒀形容词worth后接的v-ing的主动形式。例：Thefilmisworthseeing.袂某些作表语的形容词（如easy,difficult,hard等）后接的不定式主动形式。例：蒁Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.（Toanswerthisquestioniseasy.）膀语法填空-高考真题回顾膄（一）、全国卷：薄真题再练：在下列各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式，并说明理由。腿

15、1.(2015卷I·68)Yangshuoisreallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers_(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.芀2.(2015卷I·70)Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.薅3.(2015卷II&

16、#183;61)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)_(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredby羂4.(2015卷II·64)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout_(use)electricequipment.节5.(2015卷II·66)Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenupt

17、heirheatandarenowcoldenough_(cool)thehouseduringthehotday.莀6.(2014卷I·65)Buttheriverwasntchangedinafewdaysorevenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork_(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.羆7.(2014卷I·68)Whilethereare_(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthechangesaregradualandreq

18、uirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.螄8.(2014卷II·41)Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout_(be)lateforschool.羁9.(2014卷II·43)Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand_(disappoint).蒀10.(2014卷II·46)Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingto

19、thedriver,butherefused_(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.莇语法填空-强化训练膂用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：1.2. 螀Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,_(think)thatallchildrenlikethesethings.(05全国二)3.4. 葿_(face)withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.（05北京春招）5.6. 蒄Icouldn'tdomyhomewo

20、rkwithallthatnoise_(go)on.（05北京）袄4.Witheverythingheneeded_(buy),heleftthesupermarket.蕿5.Withtoomuchwork_(do),Icantgooutwithyou.蕿6.Thebuilding_(build)nowwillbearestaurant.袅7.Thebuilding_(build)nextyearwillbearestaurant.莂8.Thebuilding_(build)lastyearisarestaurant.薂9.Don'tsitthere_(do)nothing.Comea

21、ndhelpmewiththistable.虿10.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoasto_(receive)intimeforChristmas.芆11.Lessons_(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.肄12.Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and_(collect)coinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure.莁13.Eugeneisneverwillingtochangehismind.It'snouse_(argue)with

22、him.蝿14.Hewastheonlyforeigner_(get)suchanhonoryesterday.蚇15.Ican'tstand_(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.蒁短文错误-高考真题回顾肀1.(2015新课标卷II)Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundthat衿2.(2013新课标卷II)Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchan

23、ddinner.螈3.(2012新课标卷)Mypunishmentlastedayear.Meanwhile,Ifoundoutthatwithmorepatience,Icouldmakemytoystolast.Myattitudechangedfromthenon.袄短文错误-强化训练螃（1）DavidandIwantedgoofftofindhelpbutBillinsistedonstayingnearthecar.（全国卷）蕿（2）Davidpointedtoapathwhichhethoughtwouldprobablyleadingtoavillage.（全国卷）袅（3）Iwe

24、ntbacktogetDavidandhelpedhimtostoodup.（全国卷）薆（4）CharlesandLindaMasondoallofthesethingsaswellasclimbedbuilding.（全国卷）薂（5）Modernpeopleknowmoreabouthealth,havebetterfood,andtoliveinclearersurroundings.（全国卷）虿（6）TheWorldHealthOrganizationandotherorganizationsareworkingimprovehealthallovertheworld.芆（7）youpa

25、ythecostofsendapostcard，thelibrarianwillwritetoyou.（全国卷）肄（8）andletyoutoknowwhenthebookyouwanthasreturned（全国卷）莁（9）Iwanttothankyouagainforhavemeinyourhomeforthesummerholidays.（全国卷）蝿（10）Ihadalwayswantedreturntothevillageaftermovingaway.（全国卷）蚇（11）Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemet

26、otheirhome.（全国卷）螆（12）Ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.（全国卷）肀（13）Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogivesusasenseof.（全国卷）衿（14）IwasoftenalittletiredafteradaysworkandwatchTVdemandsverylittleeffort.（全国卷）肈（15）IdlikeverymuchcomebutIhaveanexaminationonMondaymorning.（北京春季卷）芃（16）Illspendthewhol

27、eweekendreadingandprepareforit.（北京春季卷）膃高中英语辅导-基础篇罿参考答案芄一、动词不定式:4.如，laugh如，towrite5.toget羅二、分词袁（一）V-ing形式1.Beingpoor2.playing3.beingdisscussed4.beingleft5.Havingworked罿（二）过去分词finishedSeen蚅4.作状语1.Following2.Followed莃三、动名词2.smoking;tosmoke蚀需要注意的几个问题:蚇（一）、不定式的逻辑主语for薄语法填空-高考真题回顾蚃（一）、全国卷：1.conducted2.living3.built4.using5.tocool芁6.toreduce7.amazing8.being9.disappointed10.tostop蚇语法填空-强化训练羅用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：肁1.thinking2.Faced3.go