动词不定式考查热点doc

1、动词不定式考查热点动词不定式（短语）是非谓语动词的一种, 在句中常作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语等，且有时态、语态等形式的变化。不定式用法多样，形式灵活，因而成为历年高考的热点。现结合高考真题将有关问题解析如下。一、考查动词不定式（短语）的句法功能(一）作主语动词不定式可以作句子的主语，这时谓语动词用单数。若不定式主语较长，常用 it 来代替它作形式主语， 而将真实主语不定式短语移到谓语之后，以免句子结构头重脚轻。如：1. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decide

2、dC. has not decided D. have not decided (91国)2. I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cold sea.A. doesB. feelsC. getsD. makes (96国)动词不定式作主语时， it 为形式主语的常见句型有： It is easy /difficult/hard /important/right/ wrong/ possible/ necessary, /foolish/ kind.to do. It

3、is a pleasure /pity/ pleasant thing/ an honour.to do. It takes (sb.) some time to do.(二）作宾语有些及物动词常跟动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有：like, want, try, wish, begin, decide, ask , forget, promise, hope, love, offer, refuse等。如：3. I dontwant _ like I mspeaking ill of anybody, but the managersplan is unfair.（05 津)A. to soun

4、d B. to be soundedC. sounding D. to have sounded4. Theyrenot very good, but we like _. A. anyway to play basketball with them B. to play basketball with them anyway C. to play with them basketball anywayD. with them to play basketball anyway(00 沪)有些动词后面跟复合宾语时，常用 it 作形式宾语，而把真正宾语 不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后。这类动词常见

5、的有 find( 发现 )， think( 认为 )，consider(认为 )， feel(觉得 )，make(使得 )等。如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思觉得研究俄国形势很重要。（三）作补足语不定式可与名词或代词构成复合宾语，这时不定式作宾语补足语。 此情况分以下三种： 带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语要求这种结构的动词主要有： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, drive, encourage, expect, force, invite, like, love, t

6、each, oblige, order, persuade, request, require, tell, want等。如：5. My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me taking B. me takingC. for me to take D. me to take（04 京) 不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语常用于这种结构的动词有：make, let, have, hear, watch, notice, feel, see等。6. As youvenever been

7、 there before,I havell someone _ you the way.A. to show B. show C. showing D. showed (90沪)在 help 后既可带 to 也可不带 to。如：Will you help me (to) plant these trees, please?你愿意帮我种这些树吗？当含有复合宾语的句子由主动语态变为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。 这时，原来不带to 的不定式要加上to。如：7. The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in th

8、e cells inside the human nose and throat.A. causing B. being causedC. to be caused D. be have caused（ 04 沪)8. Is Bob still performing? I mafraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.A. to have left B. to leaveC. to have been left D. to be left (05苏)(四）作定语不定式（短语）作定语要放在所修饰的

9、名词/ 代词后面，他们之间常存在如下关系：主谓关系 , 被修饰的名词 /代词是不定式的逻辑主语。如：She was the first person to think of the idea她.第一个想到这个注意。动宾关系 , 被修饰的名词 /代词是不定式的逻辑宾语。如：9. There are five pairs _, butI mat a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose fromC. to choose D. for choosing(99沪)同位关系，不定式说明被修饰的名词/代词的内容。如：I want to have a

10、 chance to further my study abroad我.想得到去国外进修的机会。(五）作表语作表语的不定式往往说明主语的内容，句子的主语通常是hope, idea, job, mistake, plan, suggestion, wish, work, aim, purpose, thing, business等。如：10. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not makingC. not to make D. do not m

11、ake（ 99 国)(六）作状语不定式作状语用来修饰动词，表示目的、结果、原因等。 作目的状语不定式作目的状语， 有时在形式上与结果状语一样。但是位于句首的一定是目的状语，位于句末的既可能是目的状语也可能是结果状语，这要根据上下文来判断。如：11. _ more about university courses, call (920) 764-3789. A. To find out B. Finding outC. Find out D. Having found out （ 05 浙 )12. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside

12、 the gym for three hours just _a look at the sports stars. A. had B. havingC. to have D. have（05 沪)13. He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left.（ 05 粤)有时为了强调，还可以在不定式前加in order (to)或 so as (to), in order (to)可以用于句首或句末 ,so as (to)不能用于句首。如：In order to search for gold, many people went t

13、o California.为了寻找金子很多人去了加利福尼亚。14. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not toC. so as to not D. not so as to (89国)作结果状语不定式作结果状语常见于too.to, enough to等句式中。如：This meeting room is too small for over fifty people to hold a meeting in. 这个会议室太小，不能容纳50 多人在里面开会。The ice is

14、 thick enough to walk on. 冰够厚了可以在上面行走。作原因状语不定式作原因状语主要用于表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后面。如：She seemed surprised to meet us他.遇见我们 ,似乎有点惊讶。I am very sorry to hear your mother is ill.听到你妈妈病了，我很难过。二、考查动词不定式的否定式动词不定式的否定式是在不定式前加not 或 never。如：15. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eati

15、ng notC. not to eat D. not eating (96国)16. To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule _. A. to never break B. never to be brokenC. never to have brokenD. never to be breaking (98沪)三、考查动词不定式的时态形式不定式一般有三种时态形式：一般式、进行式和完成式。（一）不定式的一般式在很多情况下，不定式的一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之后。如：17. We agreed _ here but so far

16、 shehasntturned up yet. A. having met B. meetingC. to meet D. to have met (95 国)不定式的一般式有时表示不定式的动作和谓语动作同时发生。如：We listened her play a piece by Chopin on the piano我.们倾听她用钢琴弹奏的肖邦的曲子。（二）不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示谓语动词的动作发生时，它的动作正在进行。如：He pretended to be listening attentively.他假装在认真听。(三 ) 不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之

17、前。如：18. You were silly not _ your car. A. to lock B. to have lockedC. locking D. having locked (04 湘)四、考查动词不定式的被动态当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时 ,一般需用被动语态。不定式的被动语态有一般式和完成式两种。（一）不定式被动态的一般式不定式被动态的一般式表示被动意义，它的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在其后发生。如：19. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas A. in ord

18、er to have receivedB. in order to receive C. so as to be receivedD. so as to be receiving（05 辽 )20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be toldC. telling D. told （04 闽)(二）不定式被动语态的完成式不定式被动语态的完成式表示被动意义，而且它的动作发生在谓语动作之前。如：21. He claimed _ in the su

19、permarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. A. being badly treatedB. treating badlyC. to be treated badlyD. to have been badly treated（ 98 沪 ) 五、考查动词不定式的复合结构的用法“for+名词 /代词宾格 +不定式 ”构成不定式复合结构。这里的for 本身无意义，名词 /代词宾格是不定式的逻辑主语，说明不定式的动作执行者。如：Lincoln said that it was not right for the south to break awa

20、y from the Union. 林肯说南方各周脱离联邦是不合理的。有时也可在形容词后用复合结构“of+sb.不+定式 ”。常可这样用的形容词有kind, good, bad, right, wrong, clever, foolish, stupid等。这些形容词既能表示不定式动作的性质， 又可体现人的特点。 在此结构中 , sb.与形容词有逻辑上的主谓关系;无此关系时 ,要用 for。如：22. It was foolish _ you to give up what you rightly owned. A. for B. ofC. about D. from（87 国)It swro

21、ng of the other children to make fun of you. (=The other children are wrong to make fun of you.)It is necessary for you to work hard.( Youare necessary to work hard.)六、考查 “疑问词 +动词不定式 ”结构的用法疑问代词who, what, which 和疑问副词when, where, how, why 以及连词whether 等与不定式构成的短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如：23. I veworked with chil

22、dren before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect24. Last summer I took a course on _. A. how to make dressesB. how dresses to make C. how to be made dressesD. how dresses to be made（ 90 国 )七、考查动词不定式在某些句式或结构中的用法不定式常可用于used to do sth., would rather do.than do,cantchoose but do,canthelp but do, prefe r to do.than (to) do , happen to do等固定结构中。如：25. I dontknow whether you happen _, butI mA. to be heard B.to be hearing（ 04 辽)26. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his te