John_Dryden_德莱顿分享资料

1、1John Dryden 约翰.德莱顿2Contents Life experience Major works Heroic couples Comments Quote3John Dryden(1631-1700)Life Experience:In 1631, Dryden was born to a Puritan family in Northamptonshire (北安普敦郡）where he received his first education.In 1644,he went to Westminster School.In1649, his first published

2、 poem.In 1650, Dryden went up to Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1654, he obtained his BA graduated from Trinity College.In 1654, Drydens father died, leaving him some land which generated a little income, but not enough to live on.4In 1658, he published his first important poem, Heroic Stanzas【英雄诗章】

3、, a eulogy on Cromwells death which is cautious in its emotional display. In 1660 Dryden celebrated the Restoration of the monarchy and the return of Charles II with Astraea Redux【伸张正义】After the Restoration, Dryden quickly established himself as the leading poet and literary critic of his day and he

4、 transferred his allegiances to the new government.5 In November 1662 Dryden was proposed for membership in the Royal Society(英国皇家学会）. However, Dryden was inactive in Society affairs and in 1666 was expelled(驱逐) for non-payment of his dues（会费）. On December 1st, 1663 Dryden married the royalist siste

5、r of Sir Robert HowardLady Elizabeth. In 1668, he was appointed Poet Laureate of England. (英国桂冠诗人)6 When in 1688, Drydens refusal to take the oaths of allegiance to the new government and left him out of favour at court. He was forced to give up his public offices and live by the proceeds of his pen

6、. In 1694 he began work on what would be his most ambitious and defining work as translator. Dryden died on May 1, 1700, and was buried in the Westminster Abbey (Poets Corner) (威斯特敏斯特教堂) (Poets Corner). 7Major worksAn elegy (挽歌) on Cromewells death:Heroic Stanzas英雄诗辩英雄诗辩 in 1659-His first important

7、poem. An Ode (颂诗) an Charles II :Astraea Redux 伸张正义伸张正义A didactic poem (说理诗) when James II in region:The Hind and the Panther 牝鹿与豹牝鹿与豹In 1667, his dramatic career began, he published Annus Mirabilis奇迹之年奇迹之年8Literary criticism (critical works): Essays on Dramatic Poetry 论戏剧诗论戏剧诗in 1668. The best of h

8、is unsystematic prefaces(序言) and essays. Form: in dialogueContent: Comparative merits of English and French dramaAn elegy on Cromwells death.Absalom and Achitophel 押沙龙与押沙龙与齐托齐托菲尔菲尔in1681 -It is subject is political satires（政治讽刺）（政治讽刺） and written in heroic couples (英雄双韵体英雄双韵体).9MacFlecknoe 麦克弗莱克诺in

9、1682;Marriage a la mode 时尚婚姻时尚婚姻in 1672He led the way in Restoration comedy and his best known work being MarriagelaMode.All for Love or The World Well Lost 一切为了爱迷失的爱in 1678 Its a tragedy in blank-verse. It is considered his greatest play and one of the masterpiece of Restoration tragedy. Important

10、plays:1011Masterpiece-All for Love All for Love was wrote in 1678. It is Drydens most famous masterpiece based on Shakespeares famous play Anthony and Cleopatra. He had mastered the art of comparative criticism, using prose and dialogue for debate, and wit and satire to illustrate disparities betwee

11、n church and state. 12Heroic couplets is a kind of the classical verse, evolved by ten syllables double blank verse, each row of five steps, each step has two syllables, the first is the light sound, the second is the stress. Balanced sentence, neat, accurate, concise, elegant. Heroic couplets was i

12、nvented by the first poet laureate John Dryden who led the British poetic style of the 17-18 th century . 英雄双韵体是一种英国古典诗体，由十音节双韵诗体演化而来，每行五个音步，每个音步有两个音节，第一个是轻音，第二个是重音。句式均衡、整齐、准确、简洁、考究。英雄双韵体由第一位桂冠诗人约翰 德莱顿首创并命名，并领导了英国17-18世纪的诗风。13英雄双韵体的发展和形成经历了很长时间，到德莱顿时基英雄双韵体的发展和形成经历了很长时间，到德莱顿时基本定型，文学评论界对英雄双韵体的界定是有严格定义

13、的。本定型，文学评论界对英雄双韵体的界定是有严格定义的。一般来说需满足以下几个条件。一般来说需满足以下几个条件。1 1、I Iambic pentameter 五音步五音步抑扬格抑扬格2 2、O Oshio rhyme dual sentence 押尾押尾韵对偶句韵对偶句3 3、韵尾为、韵尾为AA BB CC DD.AA BB CC DD.不重复。不重复。4 4、Clear and concise Clear and concise 风格简洁风格简洁。当一首诗中仅有几个满足以上条件的当一首诗中仅有几个满足以上条件的对偶句，其余大部分对偶句，其余大部分诗句都无法满足上述条件时，这首诗就不能称之为

14、英雄双诗句都无法满足上述条件时，这首诗就不能称之为英雄双韵体。韵体。Heroic Couples英雄双韵体英雄双韵体14CommentsvHe was an influential English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright.vDryden made his prose precise, concise and flexible, and raised English literary criticism to a new level.vFollowing the standards of classicism, he e

15、stablished the heroic couplet.vDryden was known for his verse satires, which are written in heroic couplets, a verse form widely adopted by the poets of the 18th century. 15Dryden ode and satires marks the establishment of the classical poetry in Britain.He dominated the literary life of Restoration England to such a point that the period came to be known in literary circles as the