clrehock中英文对照

1、KalveroObergCultureshockmightbecalledanoccupationaldiseaseofpeoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroad.Likemostdiseases,ithasitsownsymptoms.文化休克是突然移居国外的人的一种职业病?像大多数疾病一样，它有自己的征兆.Cultureshockiscausedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallourfamiliarsignsandsymbolsofsocialintercourse.Thosesignsorcuesincl

2、udethethousandandonewayswithwhichwearefamiliarinthesituationofdailylife:whentoshakehandsandwhattosaywhenwemeetpeople,whenandhowtogivetips,howtogoshopping,whentoacceptandwhentorefuseinvitations,whentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennot.Thesecues,whichmaybewords,gestures,facialexpressions,customs,ornorm

3、s,areacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandareasmuchapartofourcultureastheIanguagewespeakorthebeliefsweaccept.Allofusdependforourpeaceofmindandourefficiencyonhundredsofthesecues,oftenwithourconsciousawareness.文化休克是由于失去我们熟悉的标志和社会环境而导致的焦虑.这些标志包括我们熟悉的日常生活，遇到别人知道何时握手，说些什么，知道什么时候如何给小费，如何购物，何时接受或拒绝邀请，

4、何时严肃何时放松.这些可能是语言，手势,面部表情，风俗或规定，我们成长的过程中一直遵守，是文化的一部分，就像我们语言或信仰一样.我们依靠这些思想和标志，成为我们的潜意识.Nowwhenapersonentersastrangeculture,allormostofthesefamiliarcuesareremoved,Heorsheislikeafishoutofwater.Nomatterhowbroad-mindedorfullofgoodwillyoumaybe,aseriesofpropshaveknockedfromunderyou,followedbyafeelingoffrust

5、rationandanxiety.Peoplereacttothefrustrationinmuchthesameway.Firsttheyrejecttheenvironmentwhichcausesthediscomfort.“Thewaysofthehostcountryarebadbecausetheymadeusfeelbad.”Whenforeignersinastrangelandgettogethertogrumbleaboutthehostcountryanditspeople,youcanbesuretheyaresufferingfromcultureshock.Anot

6、hersymptomofcultureshockisregression.Totheforeignereverythingbecomesirrationallyglorified.Allthedifficultiesandproblemsareforgottenandonlythegoodthingsbackhomeareremembered.Itusuallytakesatriphometobringonebacktoreality.当一个人进入一个陌生的环境所以这些熟悉的线索都消失了 . 他就像一条离开了水的鱼，不管你有多么的思想开放多么的友好善良，一系列的问题会来到你的身边，带给你沮丧和

7、焦虑?人们对挫折的反应大致相同，首先是拒绝带给他不适的环境，“这个国家很坏因为它让我感觉很坏”.当一个陌生地方的人一起抱怨这个国家和这个国家的人，你就可以肯定他们正在遭受文化冲击?文化休克的另一个症状就是逃避.对于一个外国人来说每一样事物都变的无法忍受.所有的困难和问题都忘记了，只剩下回家这一个念头.通常只有一趟回家之旅才会把他带回现实.Someofthesymptomsofcultureshockare:excessivewashingofthehands;excessiveconcernoverdrinkingwater,fooddishes,andbedding;fearofphysic

8、alcontactwithattendants;theabsent-mindedstare;afeelingofhelplessnessandadesirefordependenceonIong-termresidentsofone'sownnationality;fitsofangeroverminorfrustrations;greatconcernoverminorpainsanderuptionsoftheskin;andfinally,thatterriblelongingtobebackhome.文化休克的另一些症状是：过度的洗手，过度关注饮用水，食物,床上用品，恐惧与服务

9、员身体接触，失神凝望,感觉很无助，渴望依赖在这里长期居住的同国籍的人，小事就能引起愤怒，对轻微的疼痛和皮疹过度关注，最终极度渴望重返家园.Individualdiffergreatlyinthedegreeinwhichcultureshockaffectsthem.Althoughnotcommon,thereareindividualwhocannotliveinforeigncountries.However,thosewhohaveseenpeoplegothroughcultureshockandontoasatisfactoryadjustmentcanseestepsinthep

10、rocess.文化冲击对不同的人有不同程度的影响.尽管并不普遍，有些人不能在国外生活.然而,可以看看有些已经克服文化冲击并且有一个满意的调整，可以参照一下步骤.StagesofAdjustmentRaymondZeuschnerKalveroObergdescribesfourstagesthatpeoplegothroughwhentheyexperieneesituationsthatareverydifferentfromthosetowhichtheyareaccustomed.Examplesofsuchsituationsincludemovingtoanewcity,travel

11、ingtoanewcountry,andbecomingpartofaneworganization,militaryunitorcorporation.KalveroOberg介绍了适应与他们熟悉的环境有很大不同的情况有四个阶段.包括the new移居到一个新的城市，前往一个新的国家，成为一个组织,军队或公司的一员.Stageoneisahoneymoonphase,duringwhichexperieneeisperceivedtobeinteresting,picturesque,entertaining,andcharming.Youmaynoticeseveralsuperficia

12、ldifferencessuchasmusic,foodandclothing,andthefreshappealofthenewexperieneekeepsyoufeelinginterestedandpositive.Ifyouarearealtourist,youprobablydonotstaylongenoughforthisphasetowearoffbutgoontothenextnewlocationorexperienee.Therearepeoplewhofrequentlychangejobs,majors,romanticpartners,travelplans,cl

13、othingstyles,foods,diets,orcarssothattheynevergetveryfarawayfromthehoneymoonstageofcultureshock.Itisverypleasanttotravelandtotryoutandexplorewhateverisnew.第一阶段是一个蜜月期.在此期间新的体验被认为是有趣的，美丽的,好玩的,迷人的.你可能会注意到一些肤浅的差异，比如音乐，食物,衣服,新经验让你感觉新鲜有趣.如果你是一个真正的旅游者，在这个阶段不会停留很久，因为会去新的地方,有新的经历.有些人经常更换工作，专业的浪漫的合作者，旅行计划，服装风

14、格,食品,饮食,或汽车，因此，他们离文化冲击很远.蜜月阶段是非常愉快的旅行,并尝试和探索一切新的东西.Whenyoustayinanewenvironmentforawhile,youmovetostagetwothecrisisstageinwhichtheshinewearsoffandtheday-to-dayrealitiessinkin.Inarelationship,younoticeannoyinghabbits;inanewcountry,youfindbarrierstoestablishingconnectionsortolearningtheIanguagebeyonda

15、fewpolitephrases.Suddenly,yournewmajorincludesaclassoraprofessoryoudislike.Thedifficultiesandunpleasantnessofrealitiesreplacethecharmingandpicturesque“honeymoon.'However,ifyoustickwiththeexperienceandtrytodealwithitrealistically,youwillprobablymovetothethirdphaseofcultureshock:recovery.当你在一个新环境待

16、一段时间，你就进入了第二阶段一一危机阶段一一在这个阶段所以的光环消退，现实的环境摆在你面前.在人际关系方面，你发现了令人烦恼的障碍，在一个新的国家，你发现建立人际关系学习新的语言是有障碍的，比起第一个阶段来.突然之间，你的新专业涉及到的课程和教授你都不喜欢.困难和不愉快的现实取代了第一阶段迷人的蜜月期.然而,如果你能够坚持下去并且尝试去处理,你可能会进去文化冲击的第三阶段：恢复.Inrecovery,youlearnthesystems,procedures,Ianguage,ornonverbalbehaviorsofthenewenvironmentsothatyoucancopewith

17、itonthebasisofsomemastery,competence,andcomfort.AfterabouttwoweeksinLondon,Ibegantofeelfamiliarwithtravelingby'tube,“shoppingnearlyeverydayforgroceries,payinginthecorrectcurrency,buyinganewspaper,andusingsomephrasesthatareuniquetoEnglishpeople.IhadtheadvantageofspeakingthesamebasicIanguageandofs

18、haringagreatdealwiththeEnglishinsomebroad,culturalaspects.Inacountrythatwasverydifferentfrommyown.ItwouldprobablyhavetakenmeIongertomoveintotherecoveryphase.在恢复阶段，你学习新环境里的制度，程序,语言，行为以便能够熟练驾驭?在伦敦大概两周之后，我开始熟悉乘坐地铁旅行，几乎每天去杂货店物，用正确的货币支付,买报纸,使用一些当地人才用的英语?文化方面我有说同种语言的优势?在一个与我自己的国家有很大不同的地方，可能让我用更长的时间去进入恢复阶段

19、?Finally,thefourth,oradjustment,phaseoccurswhenyoufeelthatyoufunctionwellandalmostautomaticallyinthenewculture.YounoIongerneedtomakementalconversionsofthecountry'smoney;youknowwhereservicesarelocatedandhowtousethem;youunderstandsomeofthecustomsthataccompanyordinarylife,anditisrelativelyeasyforyoutoadjusttothem.Agreaterenjoymentofthenewexperieneeisnowpossible,andyoumayregainsomeoftheinitialpositiveregardyouhadinthehoneymoonstage.I