高中英语必修一：-unit-2-reading资料讲解

1、高中英语必修一：-Unit-2-ReadingAm EBr EeraserrubberAm EBr EliftelevatorAm EBr Eflatapartmentactually in fact 实际上实际上, 事实上事实上at present now 现在的、出席的现在的、出席的rule govern 统治统治vocabulary words and expressions 词汇、词汇量词汇、词汇量gradually by degrees 逐渐地逐渐地New wordsofficial 官方的官方的 voyage 航行航行, 航海航海native 本国的本国的, 本地的本地的actua

2、lly 事实上事实上latter 后者的后者的 identity 身份身份fluent 流利的流利的frequently 频繁地频繁地 be based on 以以为基础为基础culture 文化文化 、文明、文明identity 身份身份government 政府政府rapidly 迅速地迅速地Singapore 新加坡新加坡Malaysia 马来西亚马来西亚 Pre-readingRead the title “The Road to Modern English” and predict (预测预测) what the passage is mainly about?The road t

3、o modern EnglishThe roadthe development of English language More and more people speak English.Native English speakers can understand each other but not everything.Para 1:Para 2: At the end of Later in the next century TodayEnglish is changing over time. (cultures & places)English is spoken as a

4、 foreign or second language in many countries.Para 3-4:Para 5:A. How to learn English wellB. The brief history of modern EnglishC. The way to England D. The difference between modern English and old EnglishChoose the main idea of the text. B Careful reading: Para 1-Development of Englishthe end of t

5、he 16th century the next century today peopleEnglandMany other countriesMore people speak in more countriesIf an American is talking to an Englishman,_.A. They will have almost no difficulty in understandingB. They will have a lot of misunderstandings between each otherC. The American finds it diffi

6、cult to understand the EnglishmanD. The English man finds it difficult to follow the AmericanPara 2A Why does English change over time?Because of cultural communication.Read Para 3 andanswer the question: How has English changed over time?AD 450-1150American Dictionary of the English Language was ba

7、sed more on Germanmore like French Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabularyAmerican English Australian EnglishPara 3-4(rule)(identity)British people went to Australia 1150-1500In the 1600s Find out the characteristics of each time according to the time axis.AD450-1150 800-1150 The time ADEL was wr

8、itten In the 1600s laterGermanless like German; more like FrenchShakespeares English American EnglishAustralian English The road to modern EnglishAD 450-1150 English was based more on _.AD 800-1150 English became _ like German Because those who _ England spoke first Danish and later French. In the 1

9、600s _ made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. GermanThe history of the English languagelessruledShakespeareThe road to modern EnglishIn 1620 Some British settlers moved to _.Later in the 18th centurySome British people were taken to _.1765-1947English became the language for_. AmericaAustr

10、alia government and education The road to modern EnglishBy the 19th century The English language was settled. Two big changes in _ happened: Samuel Johnson wrote his _ and Noah Webster wrote _Now English is also spoken as a foreign or second language _ _ and so on.English spellingdictionaryThe Ameri

11、can Dictionary of the English Language.in South AsiaChina South Africa Samuel Johnson Born: September 18, 1709 Write a dictionary One of the English languages most profound influences. Two important persons in Para 4 Noah Webster Born: October 16, 1758Died: May 28, 1843When Noah was 43, he started w

12、riting the first American dictionary. He did this because Americans in different parts of the country spelled, pronounced and used words differently. Why is India mentioned in the last paragraph?A. Because India is a typical country who speaks English as a second language because of its long being r

13、uled by Britain.B. Because India has a very large number of English speakers.C. Because India is a country where English plays a very important role in social life.D. Because India has a long history of communication with Britain.Para 5 A English is used asA first languageA second languageA foreign

14、language in the UK, USA, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Ireland and New Zealand and so on. in India, Pakistan, Nigeria the Philippines, and HK and so on. in China, and so on. timeplaceLanguage can change with time.Language can change when cultures communicate with each other.ConclusionFlow ChartTh

15、e Road To Modern EnglishEnglish is not all the sameEnglish changes over timeThe end of 16th CThe next centuryTodayMore like FrenchShake-speares timeEnglish speakers increasingEnglish spread inAsia and AfricaAm EAustralian EnglishIndiaOther coun-triesChinaBased on German1. English has/had the most sp

16、eakers_.nowwhen the British ruled many parts of the worldC. in the time of Shakespeare D. in the 12th century2. Which of the following statement is true?Languages always stay the same.Languages change only after wars.Languages no longer change.A.Languages change when cultures change.A D Choose the c

17、orrect answer.3. From AD 450 to 1150, English sounded more like _. A. French B. Chinese C. German D. Russian4. Shakespeares English was spoken around _. A. 1400s B. 1150s C. 450s D. 1600s 5. Which country has the fastest growing number of English speakers in the world? A. Australia B. China C. India

18、 D. BritainC D B Most English speakers in the 16th century lived in England.2. More and more people use English as their first or 2nd language.3. English began to be spoken in other countries in 17th century.TTTTrue or False4. Native English speakers cant understand each other because they dont spea

19、k the same kind of English. 5. As English is widely used, it will be more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.6. Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.FTT7. From 1765 to 1947 English became the language for government and education in India. 8. America

20、 has the largest number of English learners. 9. English had the most speakers in the 17th century. 10. English developed when new settlers and rulers came to Britain.TFFT11. Languages frequently change.12. The language of the government is always the language of the country. 13. English is one of th

21、e official languages used in India. 14. This reading describes the development of the English language. FTTF1. What is the clue of the passage?2. When did people from England begin to move to other parts of the world? Time.In the 17th century.Read the text carefully and answer the following question

22、s.3. Why does India have a large number of English speakers?India was ruled by Britain from 1765 to 1947. And during that time English became the language for government and education.At first, only people in _ spoke English. Later, people from England _ to other parts, so English began to be spoken

23、 in _ _ _. Today, _ people speak English as their _, second or foreign language. _ English speakers _understand each other but _ _. Retell the text.England movedmany other countriesmorefirstNativecannot everythingAll languages change when _ communicate with one another. So there are British English,

24、 American English, Australian English and so on. They all have their own _. English is also spoken as a foreign or second language in _ _ _. Maybe one day Chinese English will become one of the world English.culturesidentitymany other countriesThinking Will Chinese English become one of the world En

25、glishes? “Only time will tell”. Do you think it matters what kind of English you learn? Why?2. Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English?Why do so many people want to learn English?To use for businessTo use in schoolTo talk to nativespeakersTo read EnglishbooksTo write to pen

26、friendsTo listen to English music and movies1. Nearly all of them lived in England.nearly和和almost 用法明辨：用法明辨：(1) 两者通用的场合两者通用的场合 a. 在肯定句中在肯定句中 b. 修饰修饰all, every, always 等时等时 c. 在行为动词的否定式前时在行为动词的否定式前时e.g. He is almost/nearly 80 years old.(2)只用只用almost 的场合的场合a. 和和any, no, none, nothing, nobody, nowhere,

27、 never 等连用时。等连用时。b. 和和too, more than 等连用时。等连用时。c. 和表示感觉或心理活动的静态和表示感觉或心理活动的静态 动词连用时。动词连用时。e.g. There is almost none left. (3)只用只用nearly的场合的场合a. 被被 very, not, pretty 等修饰时。等修饰时。b. 和具体数字连用时和具体数字连用时(nearly常用常用)。如。如:Nearly 100 students attended the meeting.2. voyage 在此为可数名词在此为可数名词, 意为意为“旅行旅行, 航行航行”。如如： Th

28、e Titanic went under on its first voyage. They supplied this ship with enough food and necessities for a long voyage. I dont want to make the voyage without help. 拓展拓展 voyage还可用作动词还可用作动词, 意为意为“(乘船乘船) 航行航行, 航海航海”。如：。如：They planned to voyage across the Pacific Ocean. 注意区别名词注意区别名词travel, journey, trip和

29、和voyage: travel 用作不可数名词用作不可数名词, 只用于泛指从只用于泛指从某地去另一地，如果某人在某段时间里某地去另一地，如果某人在某段时间里到处走到处走, 可用可用travels；journey用作可数用作可数名词名词, 表示去某地所花表示去某地所花的时间和旅行的时间和旅行的距离的距离, 尤指较长距离的或定期的旅行尤指较长距离的或定期的旅行; trip用作可数名词用作可数名词, 表示非定期的表示非定期的, 也许也许较短的往返旅行较短的往返旅行; voyage则常指海上旅则常指海上旅行或太空旅行。行或太空旅行。 Air travel is becoming cheaper. He

30、s on his travels again. Lily had a long and difficult journey through the mountains last year. The kids are going on a trip to the castle.3. because of 后边加名词或动名词短语；后边加名词或动名词短语； because 是连词是连词, 所以后边跟句子。所以后边跟句子。 因为你的关心因为你的关心, 我发现生活充满了希望。我发现生活充满了希望。Because you are concerned about me, I find that life i

31、s full of hope.Because of your concern, I find that life is full of hope.因为雨下得很大因为雨下得很大, 那个男孩穿过树林那个男孩穿过树林回家了。回家了。Because it rained heavily, the boy went back home through the woods.Because of the heavy rain, the boy went back home through the woods.4. than ever before “比以往任何时候更比以往任何时候更”than ever bef

32、ore可看作是可看作是than they ever speak English before 的省略形式。的省略形式。在比较级结构中，副词在比较级结构中，副词 ever 与比较级与比较级和最高级连用，用来加强语气。如和最高级连用，用来加强语气。如:Youll speak English much better than ever before.Jane looks much prettier than ever before. ever在不同句型中的意义：在不同句型中的意义： 1) 曾经曾经; 以前以前 (用于疑问句用于疑问句) 2) 无论什么时候都无论什么时候都 (不不) (用于否定句用于否

33、定句) 3) 曾经曾经 (用于用于if 从句从句) 4) 到底到底; 究竟究竟 (用于特殊疑问句用于特殊疑问句) 5) 永远永远; 老是老是 (用于肯定句用于肯定句)5. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.even if =even though “即使即使”, 用来引导用来引导一个让步状语从句一个让步状语从句, 后面既可以用陈述后面既可以用陈述语气语气, 也可用虚拟语气也可用虚拟语气, 但是但是even if / though 引

34、导的从句不用将来时。引导的从句不用将来时。如如:Even if it rains tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing.用用if, as if, even if 填空。填空。(1) _ I had money, I wouldnt buy it.(2) _ I had money, I would buy it.(3) It looks _ it is going to rain.(even if 引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句; if 引导条件引导条件状语从句状语从句; as if/though “似乎是似乎是”引导方式状语从句引导方式状语从句)Even

35、if If as if注意注意: (1) even if (= even though): in spite of the fact; no matter whether 即使即使; 尽管尽管是连词词组是连词词组, 用来引导让步状语从句用来引导让步状语从句; 若主、若主、从句皆表示将来情况从句皆表示将来情况, 从句中可用一般现在从句中可用一般现在时代替将来时。时代替将来时。(2) even if 从句所说的不那么肯定。从句所说的不那么肯定。 even though 从句是事实。从句是事实。e.g. Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be p

36、oor, yet she loves him.) (Even) though he is poor, she loves him. (= He is poor, yet she loves him.)When talking to a friend over the telephone, you feel that you are close _ the actual distance is not shortened. A. but B. even if C. so D. becauseB A child came up to me and showed me the way to the

37、station. The sun comes up in the east. New shoots of bamboo will come up from around the roots of the old ones. Your question came up at the meeting. come about 出现；发生出现；发生6. come up 上来上来, 走近走近; 发芽发芽; 被提出被提出; 升起升起 走走近近, 上上来来 升起升起被提出被提出 come across 偶然遇到或找到偶然遇到或找到come around 恢复恢复; 还原还原; 改变某人的改变某人的 意见或立

38、场意见或立场come down 传承传承; 按习惯通过或处理按习惯通过或处理come out 成为众所周知成为众所周知; 发行或发表发行或发表; 结果结果; 自己公开宣布自己公开宣布come over 过来过来; 偶然拜访偶然拜访come up with 宣布或发现宣布或发现 The doctor came up with a cure for the disease.7. So why has English changed over time?那么那么, 英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？over 贯穿贯穿, 经过经过 (一段时间一段时间)e.g.经过这些

39、年经过这些年, 他变得更有耐心。他变得更有耐心。 Over the years, he has become more patient. 周末她会来杭州。周末她会来杭州。She will come to Hangzhou over the weekend.圣诞节时你在家吗？圣诞节时你在家吗？Will you stay at home over Christmas?over 超过超过(=more than), 再三再三 (again) over 2 minutes over and over8. It was based more on German than the English we sp

40、eak at present. 当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的,而现代英语不是。而现代英语不是。1) base v. 意为意为“以以为根据为根据, 把基础设在把基础设在”, 常构成短语常构成短语base sth. on/upon sth。如：。如：This novel is based on fact.这部小说是以事实为根据的。这部小说是以事实为根据的。The paper had intended to base itself in London.This film is based on a novel by D. H. Lawrence.拓展拓展base还

41、可用作名词还可用作名词, 意为意为“底部底部, 基地基地, 基础基础”等。如等。如:There is a door at the base of the tower.How many military bases are they maintaining on foreign soil?Many languages have Latin as their base.掌握掌握base构成的两个短语：构成的两个短语：be off base 完全错误完全错误, 大错特错大错特错touch base (with) sb(跟某人跟某人) 联系上联系上, 逗留逗留2) morethan 是是而不是而不是;

42、与其说与其说不如说不如说; 中间接相同中间接相同成分。成分。He is more a friend than a teacher.He is more lazy than stupid.扩展扩展: more than 不仅仅不仅仅; 多于多于; 十分十分e.g. He is more than a teacher in our school.He made more than ten friends in this club.She is more than beautiful.rather than 而不是而不是; less than少于；少于；other than 除除之外之外3) pre

43、sent adj. 当前的当前的, 现在的现在的 (作前置定语作前置定语)Did you see the present national leaders?Can you tell us something about the present situation?出席的出席的, 在场的在场的 (作表语或后置定语作表语或后置定语) Our teacher was present at the meeting.All the people present agree to my plan. n. 目前目前, 现在现在; 礼物礼物I cant spare time because I am busy

44、 at present.What present did you receive from your parents?at present: now; at this time/moment Shes busy at present and cant speak to you. 她现在很忙她现在很忙, 不能跟你谈话。不能跟你谈话。At present he is a professor of mathematics at Cambridge. 目前他是剑桥大学的数学教授。目前他是剑桥大学的数学教授。vt. 赠与，给，赠与，给， 提出提出present sb. with sth. 或或prese

45、nt sth. to sb.把把交给交给, 颁发颁发, 授予授予 如如:Mother presented a gift to me just now.On his birthday, his friends presented him with a series of readers/presented a series of readers to him. (送给他一套送给他一套读者读者) 9. Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.莎士比亚使用了比以往任何时候更为莎士比亚使用了比以往任何时候更为广泛的词汇量。

46、广泛的词汇量。make use of 利用利用, 使用使用make good/full use of 充分使用充分使用make no use of sth. 没有利用没有利用 We could make good use of our resources.我们应该充分利用好我们的资源。我们应该充分利用好我们的资源。Every minute should be made good use of. 每一分钟都应该很好地利用。每一分钟都应该很好地利用。She makes use of people she meets as heroes for her novel.We should make go

47、od use of time to study. 拓展拓展 make构成的常见短语构成的常见短语: make of、make from 通常用于被动语态通常用于被动语态, 构成构成be made of、be made from 都都表示表示“由由制成制成”。其中其中be made of 表示在产品中能够看出表示在产品中能够看出原材料原材料; be made from 表示在产品中表示在产品中看不出原材料。看不出原材料。make up 编写编写, 编造；和解编造；和解make up of 由由组成组成/构成；构成；make up for 弥补弥补, 补偿补偿make out 理解理解, 弄懂弄懂

48、; 看清看清, (勉强勉强) 辨认出辨认出; 假装假装, 装成装成make into 制成制成make it 成功成功, 办成办成; 及时赶到及时赶到10. the number of/ a number ofthe number of “的数目的数目”, 接可数接可数名词复数名词复数, 其后其后谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数。The number of undergraduates has increased over the years.a number of 许多许多, 大量大量 (后接复数名词后接复数名词), 其后谓语动词用复数其后谓语动词用复数。(a great number of/a

49、 large number of/ a small number of )A number of teachers agree with me.The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was; wasC. was; were D. were; wereC注意注意: 只能修饰可数名词的只能修饰可数名词的 a large/great/good number of, a good/great many, dozens of, scores of, quite a few 只能修饰不可数名词的：只能修饰不可数名词的：a great deal of, a large amount of, quite a l