过去分词的用法

1、过去分词的用法1. 分词的定义动词的 -ed 分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。2. 过去分词的语法作用过去分词一方面具有动词的性质， 另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词， 在句中可以作表 语、定语、状语和补足语。3. 过去分词作表语1）过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如：Don' t touch the glass because it is broke 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。He is quite pleased with the desig n of the dress 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。2）及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是

2、被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动， 又表示完成。The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。3）不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作 的完成。He is retired. 他已退休。4）过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动 语态则表示动作。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被动语态 ,表示动作 ）The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。 （过去分词作表语 ）4. 过去分词作定语1）单个的

3、过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。=The people who were excited rushed into the building.2）过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。=The suggestion that was made by the foreign

4、 expert was adopted by the manager.3）过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。=The books, which are written Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.4）用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不 直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。The boy loo

5、ked up with a satisfied expressio n.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。The worried look deepe ned upon her face.她脸上的愁容加重了。5. 过去分词作宾补能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类：1）表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, liste n to, feel, no tice,think 等。I heard the so ng su ng in En glish.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。He found his hometow n greatly ch

6、a nged.他发现他的家乡变化很大。2）表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have make, get, keep, leaver。I 'have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。Do n'leave those thi ngs un do ne.要把那些事情做完。3）表示思维活动的动词如 con sider，know，th ink等后。如：I con sider the matter settled.我认为这件事解决了。4）表示爱憎,意愿的动词，如want, wish, like, hate等后。如：I wan ted two tickets reserv

7、ed.我要预定两张机票。5）过去分词作宾补时，其所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。He did n'twish it me ntio ned.他不愿这事被提起。（me ntio n it）He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。（pull his tooth out）6）使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。You'd better have that bad tooth pulled out .你最好找医生把那颗坏牙拔掉。 表示主语的经历或遭遇。He had his leg b

8、roken他的腿断了。（自己的经历）6. with+宾语+过去分词此结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间，方式，条件， 原因等状语。(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。 (表方式 ) With water heated, we can see the steam水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)(3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决，我们都回家了。(

9、表原因)(4) She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿。7. 过去分词作状语1) 过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。2) 过去分词作状语时， 过去分词表

10、示的动作是句子主语承受的动作， 它们之间的关系是被 动关系。Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。3) 过去分词和 -ing 分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情 况等。 表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。 表原因，相当于一个

11、原因状语从句。如：Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。 表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如：Give n ano ther chan ce, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。 表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the

12、robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。 表方式或伴随情况。如：The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。高考链接 1. The rare fish, from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. savedB. savingC. to be savedD. having saved2. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves for words.

13、A. loseB. lostC. to loseD. having lost3. Tsinghua University, in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. foundB. foundingC. founded D. to be founded4. an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.A. OfferB. OfferingC. OfferedD. To offer5. into English, the s

14、entence was found to have an entirely different word order.A. TranslatingB. TranslatedC. To translateD. Having translated6. Claire had luggage an hour before her plane left.A. checkB. checkingC. to checkD. checked7. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself of his own dream

15、s.A. remindingB. to remindC. remindedD. remind8. The players from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.A. selectingB. to selectC. selectedD. having selected9. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.A. amusedB. amusingC. to amu

16、seD. to be amused10. So far nobody has claimed the money in the library.A. discoveredB. to be discoveredC. discoveringD. having discovered11. A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano.A. to questionB. to be questionedC. questionedD. questioning12. Mrs. White showed her s

17、tudents some old maps from the library.A. to borrowB. to be borrowedC. borrowedD. borrowing13. from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.A. SeenB. SeeingC. Having seenD. To see14. Though to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.A. surprisingB. as surprisedC.

18、surprisedD. being surprised15. Alexander tried to get his work in the medical circles.A. to recognizeB. recognizingC. recognizeD. recognized16. I'm calli ng to enquire about the positi onin yesterda' Chi na Daily.A. advertised B. to be advertisedC. advertiseD. hav ing advertised17. For break

19、fast he on ly drinks juice from fresh fruiton his own farm.A. grow nB. being grow nC. to be grow nD. to grow18. The way the guestsin the hotel in flue need their evaluati on of the service.A. treatedB. were treatedC. would treatD. would be treated19. not to miss the flight at 15:20, the man ager set out for the airport in a hurry.A. Remi ndi ngB. Remin dedC. To remi ndD. Havi ng rem in ded20. the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew theintern ati onal stars.A. Givi ngB. Havi ng give nC. To gi